All issues
Volume 39, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Review
-
Toshiyuki Katagi, Keiko Ose2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 55-68
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: March 17, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLExposure to pesticide residues is claimed to be one of the possible causes of frog decline. Knowledge of basic information on the uptake, metabolism and depuration processes of pesticides in the frog is needed to understand the relationship between exposure and toxic effects from their actual body burden, together with their bioconcentration. The hydrophobicity of pesticides and industrial chemicals was one of the most important factors controlling bioconcentration, similarly to fish, when frogs are exposed to contaminated water. Skin absorption was also a key route in the uptake process especially in the adult frog. The metabolic profiles in the frog, mainly examined by an intraperitoneal injection technique, were common to other aquatic species without any frog-specific transformation reaction. The effects of developmental stage, sex, species and environmental factors such as temperature were observed for bioconcentration and metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) Full view HTML
Original Articles
-
Masahiro Fujita, Tomonari Yajima, Naruto Tomiyama, Kazuaki Iijima, Kiy ...2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 69-75
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: March 29, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialTo evaluate the influence of growing conditions on the pesticide residue in lettuce heads, we investigated the residue levels in open field and greenhouse conditions. A clear difference between the two growing conditions was observed for dinotefuran applied to the planting hole; the residue levels in the lettuce heads from the greenhouses were almost as high as those in the field samples. In contrast, no clear difference between the two growing conditions was observed for the other three pesticides applied to the foliage. The size reduction process for sample preparation also affected the variation in this residue data; the ranges between two size-reduced samples of dinotefuran were narrower than the values of the other three pesticides. Those results are part of the complex factors affecting the pesticide residue levels in lettuce heads in different growing conditions and with different types of application.View full abstractDownload PDF (254K) Full view HTML -
China Morishita, Chieka Minakuchi, Taiyo Yokoi, Seisuke Takimoto, Akif ...2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 76-84
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: April 12, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialcDNAs for ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) genes were cloned from the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis and the phytophagous ladybird beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata. The ligand binding affinity of ponasterone A (PonA) to EcRs was determined by measuring the inhibition of the binding of [3H]PonA to the in vitro translated EcR/USP heterodimers for H. axyridis and E. vigintioctopunctata. The IC50 values of PonA to EcR/USP were determined to be 5.6 nM against H. axyridis and 4.0 nM against E. vigintioctopunctata. RH-5849 and tebufenozide significantly inhibited the [3H]PonA binding to the H. axyridis but was inactive against E. vigintioctopunctata. The IC50 values of RH-5849 and tebufenozide against H. axyridis were determined to be 10.5 µM and 11.0 µM, respectively. The tertiary structures of ligand binding domains (LBDs) of both EcRs were modeled from the crystal structure of EcR-LBD of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, and the ligand-receptor interaction was studied in in silico ligand-receptor docking.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) Full view HTML -
Naoya Wasano, Mami Sugano, Keisuke Nishikawa, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru ...2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 85-90
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: April 12, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialTo establish a rapid high-throughput evaluation system for the enhanced plant growth-inhibitory activity caused by modifications of cis-cinnamic acid’s (cis-CA’s) chemical structure, a DNA microarray assay was used to analyze the changes in early gene responses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. After a 6-hr exposure to (Z)-3-(3-iodophenyl)acrylic acid, we observed an upregulation in three classes of early auxin-responsive genes, which was similar to the transcriptional response to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), together with an upregulation of the genes related to environmental stress and toxin detoxification responses. Gene responses to 2-(3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetic acid were similar to those to IAA. In contrast, fewer genes were upregulated in response to its double-bond isomer, (Z)-2-[3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ylidene]acetic acid, than to cis-CA. DNA microarray data suggest that the structurally different cis-CA analogues trigger diverse gene responses.View full abstractDownload PDF (175K) Full view HTML -
Takayuki Kashima, Chiaki Takeda, Nobuyuki Akiyoshi, Kiyomitsu Yoshida, ...2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 91-97
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: April 27, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialWith the aim of identifying safe control agents for whiteflies, we screened foods and food additives and observed that acetylated glyceride showed strong repellent activity against the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci. The acetylated glyceride (acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol) has been used as food additives worldwide. The numbers of settled adults, courting pairs, and nymphs on host plant leaves were reduced by acetylated glyceride treatment. The highest control was attained with foliar treatment (0.2%, v/v) at 7-day intervals. Phytotoxicity to tomato plants was below the commercially acceptable level. The acetylated glyceride was harmless against four species of natural enemies examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) Full view HTML -
Kanjana Khaeso, Hitoshi Matsumoto, Yoichi Hayakawa, Sumio Tojo2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 98-104
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: May 09, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialWe investigated permethrin effects on female adults of Nilaparvata lugens using a line with long wings, which initiated ovarian development one day after adult emergence. Vitellogenin gene (Vg) expression was significantly enhanced in the adults 1 day after topical application of 10 ng or more of permethrin per individual at 0-day-old adulthood. Similar triggering action of the expression was observed by application of juvenile hormone (JH) III, but such actions were blocked by application together with precocene II, an antagonist of the JH. Enhanced Vg expression and earlier oviposition were found in adults of the next generation when adults of the preceding generation were treated with permethrin. These results strongly indicate that permethrin functions initially to induce JH III synthesis in adults before initiating ovarian development in the females, which triggers Vg expression, finally rendering the treated adults with earlier oviposition, even of the next generation, relating to resurgence.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) Full view HTML -
Yutaka Motoki, Takashi Iwafune, Nobuyasu Seike, Takashi Otani, Maki As ...2014 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 105-114
Published: May 20, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2014
Advance online publication: April 27, 2014JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialWe analyzed the factors influencing pesticide sorption to soils by testing 17 pesticides with different polarity and chemical structures in 8 soils, including major types in Japan. The soil–water distribution coefficients (Kd) were significantly positively correlated with organic carbon (OC) content. However, the OC-normalized sorption coefficients (Koc) of many pesticides exhibited high variability among soils. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was performed to elucidate the effect of OC quality on Koc variability. The NMR results indicated that the aromatic carbon content in soil was positively correlated with the Koc values of pesticides. The sorption pattern of pesticides to soils containing abundant aromatic carbon was influenced by the differences in the molecular structures of pesticides, similar to that to activated carbon and graphite. The results indicate the aromatic carbon in soils, particularly black carbon, is an important factor influencing the sorption of pesticides to soils.View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) Full view HTML
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|