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Volume 7, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Toshio ENDO, Taiki KUSAKA, Nobutsura TAN, Michihiko SAKAI1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of cartap hydrochloride (cartap·HCl; Padan®) on soil microflora was examined under laboratory conditions. Cartap·HCl at 10ppm (a normal application) and 100ppm treatments had no appreciable influence on the populations of fungi, actinomycetes, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria under upland and flooded conditions. However, the populations of the microorganisms were decreased by treatment at 1, 000ppm of the chemical under both conditions. Fungal and actinomycete populations were less in soil treated at 1, 000ppm than in untreated soil during 60 days. The numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria at 1, 000ppm of the chemical under both conditions decreased for the first 3 and 15 days, respectively, but subsequently recovered. Fungal flora was not affected by 10 and 100ppm treatments under either condition, but the fungal composition was changed by 1, 000ppm treatment under upland conditions, namely, the rate of Penicillium spp. in total fungi decreased, while those of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp. increased. Under flooded conditions, even treatment at 1, 000ppm made little or no remarkable change on the fungal flora.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
Masami OYAMADA, Shozo KUWATSUKA1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption, translocation, and metabolism of naproanilide by rice seedlings were investigated. 14C-Naproanilide, uniformly labelled at the naphthalene-ring, was absorbed through the roots, but little was translocated to the upper part. The amount of naproanilide absorbed from scil was far less than that absorbed from the water culture solution. Naproanilide was rapidly metabolized in rice plants. The major metabolites of naproanilide were 1-(2-naphthoxy)propionic acid (NOP) and naphthalene ring-hydroxylated-NOP glucoside. Naphthalene ring-hydroxylated-NOP and three minor unknown metabolites were also detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (3231K) -
Tuyoshi SAKAMOTO1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were orally administered 4, 5-14C-ETU by a stomach tube in order to investigate tissue distribution and excretion. The radioactivity derived from 14C-ETU was distributed throughout the body at almost similar levels 1hr after administration, and eliminated rapidly from the tissues except thyroid, eyeball and immature calamus, reaching levels of less than 1/10 of maximum within 24hr after administration. The levels of radioactivity in thyroid and eyeball were 500 and 43 times that of in liver at 96hr after administration, respectively. The results indicated that ETU and/or its metabolites have specifically accumulated in eyeball (retina or uveal tract), immature calamus as well as thyroid, where a similar phenomenon has been reported with rats and guinea pigs. The elimination half-lives of the radioactivity in thyroid and eyeball were 84 and 126hr, respectively. The radioactivity excreted in excreta (urine and feces) amounted to 77.3% of the administered radioactivity 48hr after administration, but the subsequent excretion was negligible.View full abstractDownload PDF (5028K) -
Tadao YAMADA1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 23-30
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt the residue analysis of a herbicide, benthiocarb (thiobencarb, S-4-chlorobenzyl N, N-diethylthiocarbamate) and one of its metabolites, dechlorinated benthiocarb (S-benzyl N, N-diethylthiocarbamate) in paddy soils, very big peaks often appeared on gas chromatograms (FPD, filter for sulfur), disturbing the analysis. By the gas chromatography and GC-MS, it was affirmed that the disturbance came from elemental sulfur in soil. Three peaks appeared from sulfur injection under favorable GC conditions, suggesting the separation of three allotropes S6, S7 and S8 which was main component. Sulfur (200-1, 000μg) in hexane solution (50-100ml) was clearly removed by shaking for more than 20 minutes with aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate solution (1ml), anhydrous sodium sulfite (4g), and water (20ml). In the extraction method from soil including this operation, benthiocarb and dechlorinated benthiocarb were recovered 90-98%, without destruction.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
Cheow Lin YEOH, Eiichi KUWANO, Morifusa ETO1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 31-40
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe organophosphorus fungicide IBP (diisopropyl S-benzyl phosphorothiolate) showed higher synergism (48-fold) than saligenin cyclic phenyl phosphate K-2 (15-fold) with malathion against resistant strain houseflies, but IBP was a weaker ali-esterase inhibitor than K-2. However, IBP was more specific than K-2 to inhibit the specific malathion-degrading esterase isozyme. IBP slightly inhibited GSH S-transferase when 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene was used as a substrate, but showed little effect on the enzyme activity of the resistant strain houseflies during in vitro malathion metabolism. It did, however, exert a considerable inhibition on the housefly GSH S-transferase in vivo. Of the six in vivo metabolites of malathion in the resistant houseflies, desmethyl malathion was the primary one and the carboxylesterase metabolites were next. They were both greatly reduced with the addition of IBP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1229K) -
Yuh-Lin CHEN, Chi-Chu LO, Yei-Shung WANG1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn aqueous saturated solution of butachlor (23.5ppm) was photodecomposed under UV or sunlight and compared with the results obtained from the photodecomposition of this herbicide as thin film on glass under UV irradiation. Photodecomposition of butachlor in aqueous solution was more complicated. Under UV light the half life was found to be about 0.8hr, but under sunlight it was 5.4hr. At least 24 photodecomposed products were obtained from the aqueous solution after photodecomposition by tlc and glc analyses. Among them, 4 components, namely 2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethylacetanilide (VII), 2, 6-diethylaniline (XIX), m-xylene (XXI) and toluene (XXIII), were identified by a comparison with authentic samples. Moreover, 11 components were assigned to be 2-hydroxy-2′, 6′-diethy-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (II), 2′, 6′-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (III), N-2′, 6′-diethyl-phenyl-2, 5-dihydrooxazol-4-one (V), N-phenyl-2, 5-dihydrooxazol-4-one (VI), 2, 2-dichloro-2′, 6′-diethylacetanilide (VIII), 2-hydroxy-2′, 6′-diethylacetanilide (IX), m-ethyltoluene (XX), ethylbenzene (XXII) and Compds. XI, XII and XIII, respectively, by GC-MS analyses. But the structures of other 9 components with m/e 275 (IV), 177 (X), 278 (XIV), 170 (XV), 160 (XVI), 160 (XVII), 146 (XVIII), 156 (XXIV) and Compd. XXV have not yet been determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
The Selective Toxicity of Some Synthetic Pyrethroids in the Armyworm, Pseudaletia separata (WALKER) (Part 1)Charles Y. BREMPONG-YEBOAH, Tetsuo SAITO, Tadashi MIYATA, Yoshitaka TS ...1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 47-51
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibility of the armyworm to some synthetic and natural pyrethroids was tested by topical application. Results show that the pest is more susceptible to the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides than to fenitrothion and lindane. Among the insecticides tested, S-5439 was the most effective while lindane was the least toxic material. There was no consistency in the effects of replacement of chlorines or cyano groups on the toxicity of the insecticides.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Yoshikazu MORI, Yasuji YAGURA, Yasuki KATAOKA1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 53-56
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the fluorometric determination of the residue of a guanidino fungicide, guazatine [1, 1′-iminodi-(octamethylene)diguanidine, BEFRAN®] residue in various crops. Guazatine was extracted from a crop with 2N NaOH/MeOH containing guanidine chloride. The solution was diluted with water and guazatine was extracted with chloroform and partitioned into water containing H2SO4 from the chloroform solution. This acidic solution was concentrated and injected on to the HPLC which was fitted with a Zorbax ODS column. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol, water and 25% ammonia water (30:69:1, adjusted to pH2.5 with perchloric acid). The eluate from the column was mixed with 0.5N NaOH and 0.15% ninhidrin to form a fluorescent product and measured with a fluorescence spectromonitor. The lower limit of detection using this method was 10ng, corresponding to 0.02ppm in 25g of crop. The mean recoveries of guazatine from the crops at 0.2-10ppm level ranged between 79.2 and 99.3%.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Katsuyoshi YONEYAMA, Shigeko SEKIDO, Tomornasa MISATO1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 57-60
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt to examine the effect of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) on lipid metabolism was made using the intact cells and cell-free extracts of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. In the intact cells, incorporation of 14C-acetate into the lipids was strongly inhibited by TMTD, indicating that TMTD is an inhibitor of lipid synthesis. In the cell-free system also TMTD remarkably inhibited the incorporation of 14C-malonyl CoA into the fatty acids. These lines of evidence show that the inhibition of lipid synthesis by TMTD essentially results from the blocking of fatty acid synthesis. Another inhibitory action by TMTD was found in the formation of acetyl CoA as a starting substrate of fatty acid synthesis, especially in the production of acetyl CoA from acetylphosphate by phosphotransacetylase. Therefore, it is concluded that in bacterial cells TMTD inhibits at least the 2 metabolic sites of fatty acid synthesis and formation of acetyl CoA.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (421K) -
Tsunoru YOSHIDA1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 65-69
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3109K) -
Noriharu UMETSU, T. Roy FUKUTO1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 71-81
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1220K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 83-86
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2865K)
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