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Mode of Action of Altericidins (Part 1)
Takeyoshi KIRINUKI, Tuneo ICHIBA, Kaoru KATAYAMA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
601-610
Published: November 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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A peptide antibiotic complex, altericidins (altericidin A, B and C), was isolated from the culture broth of
Pseudomonas cepacia KB-1. The altericidins inhibit the growth of a wide range of fungi and yeasts, but show no effect on the growth of bacteria species. A general survey of the mode of action of altericidins was done using
Alternaria kikuchiana and
Ustilago maydis. Growth of both fungi were suppressed within one hour after altericidins treatment, and at 8ppm altericidins the dry weight of
U. maydis sporidia had decreased as compared with the initial dry weight. Endogenous and exogenous respiration of
A. kikuchiana mycelia were hardly affected by 5-25ppm altericidins, but inhibited at 50ppm. Oxygen uptake of rat-liver mitochondria was not affected at 4ppm. By altericidins treatment, the incorporation rate of
14C-protein hydrolysate into protein,
14C-uridine into RNA and
14C-thymidine into DNA of both fungi, and of
14C-glucose into cell wall component of
A. kikuchiana mycelia were apparently inhibited. However, the results showed that the uptake of these
14C-substrates by the fungi was also inhibited. Altericidins stimulated the incorporation of
14C-acetate into total lipid fraction of fungi. It was supposed that altericidins might act on cytoplasmic membrane of the fungi and disturb the transport of radiolabeled precursors into cells and consequently the biosynthesis of higher molecular substances.
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Nagi Reddy ACHHIREDDY, Ralph C. KIRKWOOD, William W. FLETCHER
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
611-615
Published: November 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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By using excised leaves or leaf-discs, the uptake and translocation of
14C-MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) in maize (resistant), chickweed (moderately susceptible) and broad bean (susceptible) and
14C-oxadiazon [2-
tert-butyl-4-(2, 4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoline-5-one] in rice (resistant) and barnyardgrass (susceptible) were examined. Translocation of
14C-MCPA was significantly greater in broad bean and chickweed than in maize. Similarly, greater translocation of
14C-oxadiazon was recorded for barnyardgrass than for rice. Microautoradiographic studies of leaf discs revealed high absorption of
14C in maize and barnyardgrass but vein accumulation was limited in the former. Unlike
14C-MCPA, movement of
14C-oxadiazon was not significantly influenced by sink creation.
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Nagi R. ACHHIREDDY, Ralph C. KIRKWOOD, William W. FLETCHER
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
617-622
Published: November 20, 1984
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The phytotoxicity of MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) as related to the translocation and metabolism in maize (tolerant), chickweed (moderately sensitive), and broad bean (sensitive) were examined under controlled environmental conditions. The amount of
14C-MCPA translocated in broad bean and chickweed was significantly greater than in maize. However, retained by the treated leaf was greater in maize than in the other two species. The
14C-MCPA retained by the cuticle wax was less than 1% (of the applied) and the test species did not differ significantly in this respect. The release of
14CO
2 from
14C-MCPA was significantly greater in broad bean than in maize and chickweed. The foliar application of MCPA resulted in greater inhibition of
14CO
2 fixation and
14C-assimilate translocation in broad bean and chickweed than in maize.
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High Content Emulsifiable Concentrate
Fumio HORIDE, Kozo TSUJI, Ryo YOSHIDA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
623-629
Published: November 20, 1984
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S-3552 has low solubility in organic solvents usually used as solvents for EC formulation. Therefore EC whose a. i. content is lower than 20% is only formulated with xylene and isophorone. Herbicidal activity of EC formulation, however, is superior to those of Flowable and WP formulations. Therefore increase of content of S-3552 in EC formulation is tried. It was found that S-3552 could be formulated into 30 EC formulation by using phenol as a cosolvent and choosing proper emulsifiers, which gave good low temperature stability, emulsion stability and storage stability. It also showed herbicidal activity as good as 10 EC and 20 EC of xylene/isophorone solvent.
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Anton J. HOPFINGER, Deepak MALHOTRA, Robert D. BATTERSHELL, Andrew W. ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
631-641
Published: November 20, 1984
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A combined conformational and linear free energy analysis, using substituent partition coefficients, was made for 3-phenoxybenzyl esters of several cyclopropane carboxylic and several phenylacetic acid pyrethroid insecticides. Each molecule was divided into three structural segments containing two torsional degrees of freedom, plus those bond rotations inherent to a substituent. Each segment was analyzed separately. The acyl-containing moiety and the substituted phenyl rings of the phenoxybenzyl group had been analyzed previously and found to be conformationally rigid. These segments were frozen into their respectively unique conformers in this study. The conformational behavior of the -O-CH(X)-portion of the esters was analyzed and a structure-activity model based upon conformation and lipophilicity was established. In the proposed “active” conformation, the substituted vinyl group is in close proximity to the terminal benzene ring of the 3-phenoxybenzyl group. This folded conformation is also calculated to be a minimum energy state for the commercial pyrethroid insecticide, fenvalerate. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that this conformation is adopted in dilute trifluoroethanol solutions by a fenvalerate congener. However, the crystal conformation of a α-cyano-3-phenoxyl benzyl cyclopropane carboxylate does not correlate, or relate, to changes in biological potency. The relative lipophilicity, as measured by the calculated X substituent water/octanol partition coefficient, Δlog
P, indicates activity is maximized for a substituent Δlog
P in the range -0.5 to -1.5.
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Studies on the Residue of Mepronil Fungicide in, Crops and Soils (Part 3)
Yuzuru ASANO, Toshiharu OISHI, Hiroshi ABE, Katsuo ANMA, Kanji ISHIKAW ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
643-649
Published: November 20, 1984
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The persistence of and the factors related to the decrease of mepronil fungicide in and on rice plants treated with 2 formulations of the chemical, a dust and a wettable powder, were studied for two years. When mepronil was applied at the young panicle formation and the booting stages of rice plants, it adhered to the aerial parts, especially to the leaf blades, at a high concentration. The concentration decreased rapidly within 14 days after application and gradually thereafter. The initial concentration of mepronil in plants immediately after application was somewhat larger when it was applied in the form of a wettable powder rather than as dust. The rate of decrease did not differ largely whether the dust or the powder was used. When the factors affecting the disappearance of mepronil on rice plants were investigated using a complex exponential decay equation, the rapid decrease of mepronil at the early stage after application was presumed to be attributable to the elimination of mepronil from the surface of the plants, and the gradual decrease during the late stage was presumed to be due to the metabolism of the fungicide in plants.
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Studies on the Residue of Mepronil Fungicide in Crops and Soils (Part 4)
Yuzuru ASANO, Hiroshi ABE, Toshiharu OISHI, Katsuo ANMA, Kanji ISHIKAW ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
651-657
Published: November 20, 1984
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The decrease of the fungicide mepronil in soil was studied in the laboratory and in the fields. The laboratory experiments showed a faster decrease of mepronil under unflooded conditions than under flooded conditions. Also, it decreased more rapidly in upland fields than in paddy fields. When the soil was sterilized, the decomposition rates were approximately 1/5 and 1/20 of those in the non-sterilized soil under flooded and unflooded conditions, respectively. Thus, aerobic soil microorganisms were assumed to contribute considerably to the degradation of mepronil in soil. Among several kinds of paddy soils the maximum rate of mepronil degradation was about five times the minimum rate. The degradation in volcanic ash soils tended to be slower than in non-volcanic ash soils. The degradation of mepronil in the laboratory generally followed first-order kinetics, unlike its degradation in the field.
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Studies on Insecticidal Pyrethroids (Part 2)
Makoto HATAKOSHI, Noritada MATSUO, Isamu NAKAYAMA, Osamu KIRINO, Chiyo ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
659-665
Published: November 20, 1984
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The structure-activity relationships of the insecticidal α-cyanobenzyl and α-ethynylbenzyl 3-(2, 2-dichlorovinyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates having various substituents at the 3-position of the benzyl group have been analyzed with physicochemical substituent parameters and regression techniques. The lethal activity of α-cyanobenzyl derivatives with and without synergists against the housefly,
Musca domestica L., is related to the hydrophobicity and steric bulkiness of the 3-substituents. However, for the activity with synergists, the teric bulkiness is represented by the
Es value, and for the activity without synergists, it is represented by the van der Waals volume. The presence of π electrons at the βγ-position of the substituents is favorable to the activity. The activity of α-ethynylbenzyl derivatives is almost independent of the variations of the 3-substituent regardless of the presence or absence of synergists. The structure-activity relationship of α-substituted-3-phenoxybenzyl derivatives has also been analyzed. The activity with synergists increases with the decrease of the width of the α-substituents. Without synergists, the activity increases with the decrease of the hydrophobicity of the α-substituents.
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Masakatsu NUTAHARA, Toshinobu MURAI
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
667-674
Published: November 20, 1984
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Photodecomposition of chinomethionat (
S,
S-6-methylquinoxaline-2, 3-diyl dithiocarbonate, Morestan®) was remarkably accelerated by natural unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid. The accelerating effect was based on the unsaturated double bond. In the homologous series of unsaturated fatty acids, increase in number of double bonds resulted in more enhanced photodecomposition of chinomethionat. Accelerating activity of normal chain unsaturated fatty acids with a double bond increased with the decrease in the length of carbon chain and with the increase of carbon chains between the double bond and carboxyl group. Among the structural isomers of unsaturated fatty acids,
cis-forms showed much higher accelerating activity in comparison with
trans-forms. The photodecomposition of chinomethionat was also accelerated by non-ionic surfactants and fatty oils containing unsaturated fatty acid moiety. Chinomethionat was almost completely decomposed by irradiation with UV light for 24hr when oleic acid was added over 23 times in molar ratio. The photodecomposition of anilazine, chlomethoxynil, chlornitrofen, chlorothalonil, dichlozoline, dicofol and procymidone was also accelerated in the presence of oleic acid, among other 26 pesticides tested.
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Masako UEJI, Chojiro TOMIZAWA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
675-680
Published: November 20, 1984
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The insecticidal activity of
O-ethyl
O-2-isopropoxycarbonylphenyl
N-alkylphoshoramidothioates was examined with reference to their activation in biological systems. Toxicity to the adzuki bean weevil varied with different
N-alkyl groups.
N-isopropylphosphoramidothioate was the most toxic of the compounds tested, and
N-unsubstituted,
N-methyl- and
N-ethylphosphoramidothioates were more toxic than fenitrothion. However,
N-propyl and
N-butyl homologs were less active than fenitrothion with the exception of the
N-isopropyl homolog. LD
50 values of the phosphoramidothioates for the insect were not correlated with
in vitro anti-AChE activity of the phosphoramidates. I
50 of
N-isopropylphosphoramidate for acetylcholinesterases from adzuki bean weevil and bovine serum was higher than 10
-3M. When the phosphoramidothioates and phosphoramidate were incubated with rat liver microsomal system, AChE activity of bovine serum was strongly inhibited in the presence of NADPH. Inhibition of AChE activity was reduced by addition of SKF 525-A to the microsomal system. The compounds became also potent inhibitors for AChE by treatment with
m-chloroperbenzoic acid. From these results, it was concluded that phosphoramidothioates and their oxons were activated oxidatively to inhibit AChE by the microsomal system as well as chemical treatment with peracid.
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Naofumi SHIGA, Tsutako KINOSHITA, Keiko HIRAO, Osami MATANO, Shinko GO ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
681-688
Published: November 20, 1984
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Effect of sodium L-ascorbate (SL-A) on the residue analysis of thiophanate-methyl (TM) is described. TM in homogenized samples of grape, apple, tomato, and so on, was considerably unstable in storage, and the recoveries from samples such as unpolished rice, cooked polished rice and soil were low (24-61%). Addition of SL-A to homogenized samples increased the stability of TM during storage and analytical procedure, and resulted consequently in good recoveries (78-97%) and also improved precision of data. It was suggested that oxidative decomposition was responsible for the instability of TM, because several antioxidants made TM stable in homogenized grape. The decomposition of TM in homogenized grapes was dependent on incubation temperature and pH, and it required heat-labile component in the grape. Either catalase or sodium azide prevented the decomposition of TM in homogenized grapes. These results evidenced that oxidative decomposition of TM occurred enzymatically in the homogenized preparation of the grape and this decomposition was inhibited by SL-A.
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Mechanism of Rice Blast Control of Chlobenthiazone (Part 2)
Satoru INOUE, Tamon UEMATSU, Toshiro KATO
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
689-695
Published: November 20, 1984
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During the infection process of blast fungus,
Pyricularia oryzae, chlobenthiazone (S-1901), 4-chloro-3-methyl-2 (3
H)-benzothiazolone, inhibited most effectively the appearance of infection pegs from the appressoria at concentrations higher than 10μM. Melanization of the appressoria was also inhibited by the fungicide at the same concentrations. The rates of this inhibition at respective test concentrations closely correlated with those of inhibition of appearance of infection pegs from the appressoria and to those of control of disease development. On the other hand, when the chemical application was conducted later than 10hr after the inoculation or the inoculation was made with injury (punch inoculation), the fungicide showed no efficacy in controlling rice blast even at a concentration as high as 2500μM. These observations indicate that the protective activity of chlobenthiazone against rice blast can be attributed to the inhibition of appearance of infection pegs possibly in consequence of the inhibition of melanization of appressoria.
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Nobuyoshi MIKAMI, Shinoi SAKATA, Hirohiko YAMADA, Junshi MIYAMOTO
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
697-702
Published: November 20, 1984
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Studies of the degradation of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate have been extended, using
14C preparations labeled separately at the chlorophenyl and benzyl rings. In two soils stored in the laboratory for up to 48 weeks under aerobic upland conditions, fenvalerate (1ppm) continued to be degraded to 0.03ppm and 0.29ppm by hydrolysis and oxidation with initial half-lives of 3 and 16 weeks. The major degradation route was hydrolysis at the ester linkage leading to the formation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid. Both acids underwent further degradation via ring opening followed by mineralization of the products formed with the evolution of CO
2 (25-66%). In addition, α-carboxy-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate was identified as a new degradation product. When soils containing radiolabeled bound residues arising from fenvalerate were mixed with fresh soils, between 18 and 28% of the radioactivity present as bound residues was mineralized to
14CO
2 over a 24-week period.
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Mitsuru YOSHIDA, Shigeo MORIYA, Yasuhiko UESUGI
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
703-708
Published: November 20, 1984
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Transmethylation from methionine into choline in the intact mycelia of
Pyricularia oryzae and the effects of fungicides on it were observed by
13C NMR.
P. oryzae was incubated with [methyl-
13C] methionine. After 3hr incubation, signal at 54.9ppm, corresponding to the chemical shift of _??_N
+-CH
3, was observed in the
13C NMR spectrum of the mycelia and its intensity increased with incubation time up to 24hr. From the resultant mycelial cells, choline and phosphatidylcholine were isolated, and labeled
N-methyl group was found in them. The signal intensity of the
N-methyl was most remarkable in the water soluble fraction, suggesting that the signal at 54.9ppm in the spectra of the mycelia was attributable to
N-methyl group of choline. The methyltransfer from [methyl-
13C] methionine into choline could be observed by
13C NMR. When 100ppm of IBP was added to the incubation mixture, this methyltransfer was inhibited during 3 to 6hr. Addition of 40ppm of isoprothiolane had a similar effect.
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Preventive Effects of Cationic Surfactants on Plant Diseases (Part 2)
Akira KAJIKAWA, Tadakazu WATANABE, Katsumi AKUTSU, Keido KO, Tomomasa ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
709-715
Published: November 20, 1984
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From electron microscopic observation of the mycelia of
Pyricularia oryzae treated with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, electron-dense substance outside cell membrane, enlarged nuclear membrane, disappearance of cell wall structure, and collapsed cell were found. As to leakage of the cell component, optical density at 260nm of the incubation solution of
P. oryzae was highest in the case of 100ppm rather than 50ppm and 300ppm treatment. This compound remarkably inhibited protein synthesis of
P. oryzae, and inhibition of uptake of the substance and leakage of incorporated material were observed. It seems that cationic surfactants act on the cell membrane, and cause degeneration of cell membrane, inhibition of transport function, and subsequent inhibition of protein and lipid synthesis.
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Studies on Organophosphorus Fungicides (Part 1)
Mitsuru SASAKI, Toshiro KATO, Shigeo YAMAMOTO, Kunio MUKAI
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
717-723
Published: November 20, 1984
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The structure-activity relationships of [hydroxy (pyridin-3-yl) methyl] phenylphosphinates and related compounds were investigated on controlling powdery mildew on cucumber caused by
Sphaerotheca fuliginea. In addition, their antifungal activities were compared with inhibitory potency of ergosterol biosynthesis using cell-free homogenates from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result, it was found that
O-ethyl [hydroxy (pyridin-3-yl) methyl] [4-fluorophenyl] phosphinate (38) was the most effective and its antifungal mode of action was probably the same as that of the other fungicides which inhibit the formation of ergosterol.
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Shigeko NAKAMURA, Toshiro KATO
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
725-730
Published: November 20, 1984
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When tolclofos-methyl was added to the liquid culture of
Ustilago maydis at 4μg/ml, sporidial multiplication was immediately prevented. The treated sporidia did not form buds of daughter cells and became enlarged. After a 2-hr incubation period, the sporidial cells initiated a division by forming cross walls, so that the sporidia became multicellular. This indicates that the sporidia changed the manner of cell division in the presence of the fungicide. Within the succeeding several hours, the sporidial cells ceased to divide and bursting of the cells began to occur. Most of the cells lost their cytoplasm by after 24hr. On the other hand, increase of dry weight of the sporidia and RNA synthesis was not immediately affected by tolclofos-methyl. DNA and protein synthesis, however, were significantly reduced during an early incubation period. This was suggested to be a reflection of the inhibition of cell division. Endogenous respiration and glucose oxidation were not inhibited by tolclofos-methyl at 4μg/ml. Although succinate oxidation was moderately suppressed by the fungicide at the same concentration, this does not fully explain its toxicity. The present experiments therefore suggested that tolclofos-methyl primarily affected cytokinesis and particularly inhibited bud formation in
U. maydis.
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Satoru INOUE, Kiyoto MAEDA, Tamon UEMATSU, Toshiro KATO
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
731-736
Published: November 20, 1984
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Tetrachlorophthalide and PCBA inhibited melanization of mycelia in
P. oryzae at higher than 50μM and 100μM, respectively. But these concentrations were far above those of chlobenthiazone, tricyclazole, pyroquilon and pp-389 in inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. Moreover, while there was a good correlation between the activities of rice blast control and the capabilities of inhibiting appressorial melanization on leaf surface in chlobenthiazone and tricyclazole, this correlation was not observed in tetrachlorophthalide and PCBA. Microscopic observations showed that some of the appressoria were still melanized on tetrachlorophthalide and PCBA-treated leaves even at concentrations controlling disease, whereas the formation of infection pegs were completely prevented. This indicates that the antipenetrant action of both compounds can not be attributed to the inhibition of melanization of appressoria in
P. oryzae. Although chlobenthiazone and related compounds were effective in preventing fungal penetration when applied until just before the initiation of appressorial melanization, tetrachlorophthalide and PCBA were only effective when the application was made earlier than this. Both compounds probably interfere with the early process of maturation of appressoria.
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Studies on Organophosphorus Fungicides (Part 2)
Mitsuru SASAKI, Tadashi OOISHI, Toshiro KATO, Chiyozo TAKAYAMA, Kunio ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
737-744
Published: November 20, 1984
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In order to examine the structural requirement for the antifungal activity against
Rhizoctonia solani a number of
O,
O-dialkyl
O-aryl phosphorothioates and related compounds were prepared and their ED
50 values based on the molar concentration for a 50% reduction of the myceiial growth of the fungi were determined by using the agar dilution method. It was found that the methoxyphosphinothioyl moiety and the substituents at 2-, 4-, and 6-positions on benzene ring in the phosphorothioates were essential for enhancing the antifungal activity. In a series of
O,
O-dimethyl
O-(4-substituted-2, 6-dichlorophenyl) phosphorothioates the change in the activity was paraborically related to the variation in both the length and the hydrophobicity of substituents by means of the multiple regression analysis using physicochemical substituent parameters. Moreover, the degree of the activity for a series of
O-alkyl
O-methyl
O-(2, 4, 6-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioates decreased with an increase of the hydrophobicity of the alkyl group. These results were quite different from those seen in this type of organophosphorus insecticides whose activity is greatly influenced by the electronic factor of benzene ring substituents. On the basis of both the efficacy of antifungal activity and the ease of preparing in a high yield,
O,
O-dimethyl
O-(2, 6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl) phosphorothioate (tolclofos-methyl) was best selected as a practical fungicide for controlling soil borne diseases caused by
R. solani.
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Studies on the Dechlorination of Benthiocarb in Soil (Part 1)
Young Hee MOON, Shozo KUWATSUKA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
745-754
Published: November 20, 1984
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Dechlorination of the herbicide benthiocarb (thiobencarb,
S-4-chlorobenzyl
N,
N-diethylthiocarbamate) was examined in 17 different soils under flooded conditions. Only 2 soils, which caused rice dwarfing in fields, were reactive for the dechlorination. The highly reactive soil had a remarkably high content of available phosphate, and the lowest values of phosphate absorption coefficient and free iron oxide content among all soils examined. The dechlorination in the reactive Ohshiro soil occurred only when organic substances were amended. No dechlorination was observed in the autoclaved soil. The dechlorination began after 10-20 days of lag period from the benthiocarb amendment into the soil. Preincubation of soil shortened the lag period and accelerated the dechlorination rate. The dechlorination rates in mixtures of the reactive soil and an inactive (Anjo) soil were approximately proportional to the ratios of content of the reactive soil in the mixture.
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Gerald T. BROOKS, Grahame E. PRATT, Anthony P. OTTRIDGE, John A. COCKS
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
755-758
Published: November 20, 1984
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The phenyl glycidyl ether 1-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy)-3-prop-2-ynyloxybenzene, 6, 7-methylenedioxy-2, 2-dimethylchromen, naphth [1, 2-d]-1, 3-oxathiole and 8-methoxynaphth [1, 2-d]-1, 3-oxathiole, all mixed function oxidase inhibitors, were better acute inhibitors of juvenile hormone III-biosynthesis than precocene II in the corpora allata of
P. americana in vitro. Some of these compounds apparently have an inhibitory action at biosynthetic step(s) prior to the epoxidation of methyl farnesoate, apart from any action they may have on methyl farnesoate epoxidase.
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Kohtaro TOMONO, Noriyuki KUMAZAWA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
759-762
Published: November 20, 1984
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Preventive Effects of Cationic Surfactants on Plant Diseases (Part 1)
Akira KAJIKAWA, Tadakazu WATANABE, Katsumi AKUTSU, Keido KO, Tomomasa ...
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
763-768
Published: November 20, 1984
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Several cationic surfactants were tested for their inhibitory activities against powdery mildew of cucumber. Among alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, the octyl derivative was the most effective on the powdery mildew, but caused a little phytotoxicity. Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride used in this experiment showed low effects. Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide was remarkably effective, and caused on phytotoxicity on cucumber plants. Inhibitory effects of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide were observed at various growth stages of the cucumber powdery mildew fungus (
Sphaerotheca fuliginea), namely, conidial germination, appressorial formation, haustorial formation, hyphal growth, and sporulation. The compound was effective on the fungus at all stages of the life cycle, especially at haustorial formation, hyphal growth, and sporulation. Also the stained mycelia of this fungus showed a speckled, collapsed membrane system and death of hyphal cell were observed frequently. These results suggest that didodecyldimethylammonium bromide act on the cell membrane.
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Mamoru OZAXI, Shozo KUWATSUKA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
769-771
Published: November 20, 1984
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Pesticides of Microbial Origin and Gene Engineering
Keiji YANO
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
773-782
Published: November 20, 1984
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Applications of Biotechnology for Microbial Insecticides
Hidenori IWAHANA
1984 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages
783-791
Published: November 20, 1984
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