Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 31, Issue 4
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Properties and biological control activities of aerial and submerged spores in Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1
    Satoshi Watanabe, Hideki Kato, Kazuo Kumakura, Eiichi Ishibashi, Kozo ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 375-379
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 07, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-09
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, a biocontrol agent that is highly effective against rice seedborne diseases, forms submerged spores by liquid culture. These submerged spores had some common properties with aerial spores, but differed in surface topology and internal organization. Aerial spores, so called conidia, maintained high viability under dry storage conditions, whereas the viability of submerged spores was reduced. The cell wall of submerged spores was thinner than that of aerial spores, and the surface was smooth in contrast to the irregular pyramidal warts of aerial spores. Both submerged and aerial spores were highly effective against “Bakanae” disease by seed-treatment. Therefore, these two-types of spores were suitable for different applications.
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  • Novel glycol benzyl ether herbicides: Herbicidal activity of 3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c][2]benzopyran derivatives
    Takeshi Kakimoto, Fumiaki Koizumi, Kangetsu Hirase, Kiyoshi Arai
    Article type: Original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 380-389
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 07, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-03
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The structure–activity relationship of novel glycol benzyl ether herbicides, 3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c][2]benzopyrans (TFBs), was elucidated. Herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli and rice injury varied with substituents of the benzyloxy group at C-3. When substituents other than the benzyloxy group, such as the cyclohexylmethyloxy group or the benzoyloxy group, were introduced, the herbicidal activity of TFBs was reduced. Introduction of an (S)-methyl group at C-5 increased herbicidal activity but aggravated rice injury. When comparing the herbicidal activity of two stereoisomers, the 5-(S)-isomer showed stronger herbicidal activity than the 5-(R)-isomer. Even when the benzene ring of the fused ring system of TFB was replaced by thiophene or furan, high herbicidal activity was manifested. In particular, TFB partly replaced by thiophene showed the highest herbicidal activity among all compounds examined in this study, with slight injury to rice plants. The 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0]octane derivative, produced as a by-product, also showed high herbicidal activity.
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  • Comparison of pest detection in two persimmon cultivation methods
    Kenichi Komeda, Masateru Inoue, Kanji Ueki, Teruhiko Sugimura, Junichi ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 390-396
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.390
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To elucidate the requirements for fruit planting systems with efficient pest detection, we compared the efficiency of two persimmon cultivation methods, a table-shaped method and a typical standing-tree method, using round labels as detection targets. The results showed that a low tree height and branch movements are required for efficient pest detection. Experiments, in which workers wore goggles to simulate an elderly person's narrower field of view, showed that the table-shaped method was more efficient for detection because branches were within a frame and were easy to scan. This cultivation method proved to useful under the circumstances tested in this study, i.e., advanced age of growers in Japan.
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  • Sensitivity monitoring of powdery mildew pathogens to cyflufenamid and the evaluation of resistance risk
    Masahiro Haramoto, Hiroshi Hamamura, Shinsuke Sano, Friedrich G. Felse ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 397-404
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 07, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-13
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    Sensitivity monitoring studies for a novel fungicide, cyflufenamid, (Z)-N-[α-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino)-2,3- difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2-phenylacetamide, were performed on various pathogens causing powdery mildew. The mean EC50 value for Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici was 0.029 ppm by pot assay and that for Sphaerotheca cucurbitae was 0.0019 ppm by leaf disk assay in Japan. The mean EC50 values for B. graminis f. sp. tritici were between 0.0022 ppm and 0.0111 ppm and those for B. graminis f. sp. hordei were between 0.0249 ppm and 0.0457 ppm in 2000 to 2004 by leaf segment assay in Europe. The EC50 values of each strain in these pathogens were distributed within a narrow range, and no classes less sensitive to cyflufenamid were found. No significant change in the sensitivity of B. graminis f. sp. tritici to cyflufenamid was observed throughout selection pressure tests in the greenhouse and field. Cross-resistance between cyflufenamid and other commercial fungicides was not observed in S. cucurbitae.
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  • Herbicidal characteristics of MT-147, a novel glycol benzyl ether as a graminicide in paddy rice
    Takeshi Kakimoto, Kangetsu Hirase, Fumiaki Koizumi, Kiyoshi Arai
    Article type: original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 405-408
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 14, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-21
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    The herbicidal performance of MT-147, (2R,3S,3aS,9bR)-2-ethyl-3-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c][2]benzopyran, was examined as a graminicide for paddy rice. MT-147 completely controlled barnyardgrass from pre-emergence up to the 2.0-leaf stage at 300 g a.i./ha by submerged application; however, the efficacy decreased as the leaf stage proceeded further. The herbicidal activity of MT-147 was not influenced by water depth, but it was slightly affected by the seeding depth of barnyardgrass, the activity being lower when the seeding depth was deeper. MT-147 had no phytotoxicity to transplanted rice at 300 g a.i./ha but phytotoxicity was observed when rice seedlings were placed on the soil surface and the roots were exposed to water. Bromobutide remarkably increased the herbicidal activity of MT-147 against barnyardgrass. In this study, it was revealed that a novel 3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c][2]benzopyran, MT-147, has excellent herbicidal activity against barnyardgrass, and its activity was enhanced by bromobutide.
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  • QSAR of 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolines for ovicidal activity against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae
    Junji Suzuki, Isao Tanji, Yasuhiro Ota, Kazuya Toda, Yoshiaki Nakagawa
    Article type: Original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 409-416
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 07, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Ovicidal activity of 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline congeners with various substituents on the 4-phenyl ring against two-spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae was quantitatively analyzed using the classical QSAR (Hansch-Fujita) method. In QSAR analysis, hydrophobicity in terms of log P (P: partition coefficient between 1-octanol and water) was the most significant parameter with its square term. The optimum log P value for 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline analogs was evaluated as about 7.1. The introduction of substituents with inductive electron-withdrawing properties was also favorable to activity, but the presence of substituents at the ortho- and meta-positions was not promising.
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Notes
  • Affinity of 3-benzylidene- and 3-cinnamylidenemyosmine analogues for Periplaneta americana nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    Izumi Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Utsunomiya, Miki Sadamitsu, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Kazu ...
    Article type: Note
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 417-419
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 07, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-11
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    3-Benzylidenemyosmine analogues with substituents at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of the phenyl ring and 3-cinnamylidenemyosmine analogues with substituents at a para-position of the phenyl ring were synthesized. The affinity of the synthesized compounds for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the nerve cord of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) was determined by radioligand binding assay using [3H]epibatidine. Of the compounds tested, 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)myosmine 3 and 3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)myosmine 4 displayed the highest potency, with IC50 values of 0.120 and 0.310 μM, respectively. 3-(4-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)myosmine 15 with a para-dimethylamino group on the benzylidene moiety displayed moderate affinity (IC50=5.49 μM). On the other hand, cinnamylidene analogues, 3-(4-dimethyl­amino­cinnamylidene)myosmine 16 and 3-cinnamylidenemyosmine 17, displayed moderate affinity, with IC50 values of 2.07 and 3.52 μM, respectively.
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  • Characterization of a Nocardioides-based, atrazine-mineralizing microbial colony isolated from Japanese riverbed sediment
    Koji Satsuma, Maiko Kameshiro, Osamu Hayashi, Kiyoshi Sato, Yasuhiro K ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 420-423
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2006
    Advance online publication: September 07, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G06-14
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    A multiple-member microbial colony (designated A14N) capable of mineralizing the herbicide atrazine has been isolated from Japanese riverbed sediment. We have determined the enzymes involved in the degradation route and the species composition of the colony. A14N converted atrazine to cyanuric acid via hydroxyatrazine and N-isopropylammelide as intermediates. Furthermore, A14N characteristically had the ability to cleave the triazine ring of cyanuric acid. A14N harbours genes coding atrazine-degrading enzymes, which are highly similar to those previously described: trzN, atzB and atzC. At least three phylogenetically different species, Nocardioides sp., Mycobacterium sp. and Leptospira sp. were present in A14N. Among these, Nocardioides sp. was closely related to the atrazine-degrading Nocardioides sp. strains previously isolated from agricultural soils. Thus, Nocardioides sp. in A14N could also be responsible for the degradation of atrazine to cyanuric acid.
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Original Article (with abstract in English)
  • Matrix effect of cucumber on fenitrothion and imidacloprid residue analysis by a commercially available
    Shoko Amano, Hideji Yano
    Article type: Original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 425-430
    Published: November 20, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.425
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The matrix interference of cucumber was investigated using a commercially available ELISA kit to analyze residual fenitrothion and imidacloprid. The recovery rate was over 150% in a sample with low concentration pesticides (fenitrothion; 0.04μg/g, imidacloprid; 0.2μg/g); therefore, the ELISA kit was not practical for screening pesticide residue at low concentrations. Cucumber fruits were divided into three organs: a fruit receptacle
    including an exocarp, mesocarp, and placenta including a seed. The extract of the fruit receptacle controlled the optical density value, which was notably confirmed on fenitrothion measurement. The recovery rate of the sample processed by ultrafiltration was greatly improved.
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Notes
  • Effects of water-soaking on the extraction of pesticide residue from powdered brown rice and wheat samples
    Machiko Saka, Kazuaki Iijima, Yukiko Koma, Masahiro Fujita, Yoshitsugu ...
    Article type: Notes
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 431-434
    Published: November 20, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.431
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The effects of water-soaking pre-treatment of powdered dry cereal on pesticide residue analysis in brown rice and wheat were examined. The recovery of several pesticide residues found in cereal by acetone extraction without water-soaking was as low as 6–68% of recovery after water-soaking pre-treatment for 30 min. The optimal soaking time in water was 15 to 30 min for the powdered cereal samples. The relative recovery of spiked pesticides and residual pesticides was not always parallel between the two extraction conditions, i.e., acetone extraction with and without water-soaking pre-treatment. Pre-treatment produced higher measured values in many cases, but also resulted in lower values for some pesticides like malathion and diazinon. Soaking dry samples in water for 15–30 min as pre-treatment will give good residual pesticide extraction. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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Abstracts for Original Articles
Commentary
Minireviews: Challenge to the environmentally and toxicologically acceptable pesticides
Minireviews: Frontier of pesticide bioscience
Letter to Members
Technical Information: Summary of Toxicity Studies on Pesticides
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