Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-39 of 39 articles from this issue
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Review
  • The mechanisms of phytotoxic action and selectivity of non-protein aromatic amino acids L-DOPA and m-tyrosine
    Hiroshi Matsumoto
    Article type: Review
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: February 03, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.R10-15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Many non-protein aromatic amino acids have been found in plants. Among the amino acids, L-DOPA (L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and m-tyrosine (L-3-hydroxyphenylalanine) show unique phytotoxic activity. In this review, the action mechanisms of L-DOPA and m-tyrosine as allelochemicals are discussed. The phytotoxicity of L-DOPA is considered to be due to oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species generated from the melanin synthesis pathway. Selectivity among species might be achieved by the differential activity of an enzyme, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalyzing the conversion of L-DOPA to DOPA quinone in melanin synthesis pathway. Plant species with high PPO activity introduce more L-DOPA in melanogenesis and generate a greater amount of toxic reactive oxygen species. An antioxidant, ascorbic acid, reduced melanin formation by suppressing PPO activity and recovered from L-DOPA toxicity. We found that m-tyrosine had strong phytotoxic activity in lettuce. Interestingly, m-tyrosine also suppressed the growth of barnyardgrass, which is tolerant to L-DOPA. Like L-DOPA, m-tyrosine induced lipid peroxide formation in lettuce; however, this oxidative damage was not rescued by ascorbic acid but by phenylalanine. It is known that certain structural analogues of protein amino acids can be misincorporated into proteins; however, our recent results suggested that m-tyrosine is not incorporated into the proteins of rice root, which is sensitive to m-tyrosine. The mechanism of the phytotoxicity of m-tyrosine is still under investigation.
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Original Articles
  • Effect of formulations and treatment methods of nursery boxes applied with insecticide on the behavior of imidacloprid in rice paddy fields
    Dang Quoc Thuyet, Hirozumi Watanabe, Takashi Motobayashi
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: December 06, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-49
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The behavior of imidacloprid was investigated in two paddy plots with conventional release granular formulation and controlled release granular formulation corresponding to before transplanting (BT) treatment and at sowing (AS) treatment (14 days before transplanting) in nursery boxes, respectively. The maximum concentrations of imidacloprid were 30.2 μg/l and 3.0 μg/l in paddy water at 0.5 days after transplanting (DAT), and 278.4 μg/kg and 81.4 μg/kg in 1cm paddy surface soil at 1 DAT for BT and AS treatments, respectively. Dissipation of imidacloprid from paddy water and 1 cm paddy surface soil can be described by biphasic first-order kinetics in the water and single phase first-order kinetics in paddy soil. The half-lives (DT50) of imidacloprid in BT and AS treatments were 2.0 days, 2.4 days during the first phase (7 days) in paddy water, and 12.7 days and 11.0 days in paddy soil, respectively. AS treatment with controlled release granular formulation had lower concentrations of imidacloprid in paddy water and surface soil and has the potential to pose a lower environmental risk than BT treatment with conventional release granular formulation.
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  • Level of protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity tightly correlates with photodynamic and defense responses in oxyfluorfen-treated transgenic rice
    Sunyo Jung
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 16-21
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-46
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    Transgenic rice systems involving the plastidal expression of Arabidopsis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) (AP line) and the dual expression of Myxococcus xanthus Protox in chloroplasts and mitochondria (TTS line) were used to investigate the effect of Protox levels on photodynamic stress and defense responses imposed by peroxidizing herbicide oxyfluorfen. The oxyfluorfen-treated TTS line showed less photodynamic stress and antioxidant responses than AP and wild-type lines, indicating that sustained Protox activity in the TTS line during oxyfluorfen action prevented the accumulation of photodynamic protoporphyrin IX. This study suggests evidence of a tight correlation of Protox activity with herbicidal resistance in rice plants.
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  • Khayasin and 2′S-methylbutanoylproceranolide: Promising candidate insecticides for the control of the coconut leaf beetle, Brontispa longissima
    Min-Yi Li, Jing Zhang, Gang Feng, Tirumani Satyanandamurty, Jun Wu
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 22-26
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: January 18, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-52
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    Brontispa longissima (Gestro) is a serious pest of coconut palms in tropical areas. In our continuing search for potential pesticides from tropical mangrove plants, khayasin (1) and 2′S-methylbutanoylproceranolide (2), two mexicanolides with a Δ8,14 double bond, were isolated from seeds of an Indian mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis. The structures of these compounds were established by comparison with data in the literature. Compound 1 was found to exhibit potent insecticidal activities against second- to fifth-instar larvae of B. longissima at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, and compound 2 displayed marked insecticidal activity against fifth-instar larvae of the same pest at the same concentration. LC50 (concentration of 50% mortality) values for compound 1 against fifth-instar larvae of B. longissima at exposure times of 24 and 48 h are 7.27 and 3.39 μg/ml, respectively, and those for compound 2 are 10.57 and 4.03 μg/mL, respectively. The insecticidal activities of compounds 1 and 2 against fifth-instar larvae of B. longissima are more potent than those of azadirachtin and toosendanin, and are similar to those of rotenone; however, compounds 1 and 2 only exhibited moderate antifeedant activities against third-instar larvae of Prodenia litura (Fabricius). These results suggested that compounds 1 and 2 had selectively insecticidal activities against the larvae of B. longissima. They are promising candidate insecticides for the control of B. longissima.
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  • Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-phenoxypyridines with a 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring
    Hassan Tajik, Akbar Dadras
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: January 24, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-62
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    A series of novel 5-chloro-3-fluorophenoxypyridines with a 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring bearing a thioether moiety was synthesized and their herbicidal activity against some graminaceous plants and crop safety were examined. Target compounds were prepared through S-substitution reaction of 5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogs, which were synthesized by the reaction of 2-propynyl (R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-phenoxy]propionate with hydrazine hydrate and the subsequent reaction with carbon disulfide. The newer 3,5-dihalophenoxypyridines and the intermediate, 5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-{4-[(R)-1-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethoxy]phenoxy}pyridine, were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Almost all 5-chloro-3-fluorophenoxypyridines showed a moderate to high level of activity against all weeds tested at 125 g/ha application. In particular, 5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-(4-{(R)-1-[5-(2-propynylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethoxy}phenoxy)pyridine exhibited potent activity without crop injury.
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  • Effect of illumination on degradation of pyriproxyfen in water-sediment system
    Rika Kodaka, Sharon E. Swales, Christopher Lewis, Toshiyuki Katagi
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 33-40
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 06, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-56
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    The aerobic aquatic soil metabolism of pyriproxyfen [(4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy) propyl ether] was examined in a UK lake water-sediment system together with the effect of illumination on its degradation profile. The partition of pyriproxyfen in water to the bottom sediment was more rapid under illumination with concomitantly enhanced degradation in the total system. The main photoproduct of pyriproxyfen in sterile water, 2-(pyridin-2-yloxy) propan-1-ol, formed via cleavage of the central ether bond, was further degraded via oxidation in the illuminated water-sediment system and no degradate was found to be accumulated. Hydroxylation at the 4′-position of the phenoxyphenyl moiety dominantly proceeding in darkness was observed as a transient reaction in the early period of illumination.
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Notes
  • Control of Musca domestica L. adults with pyrethroid treatments applied to glass and wallpaper
    Jaime E. Araya, Carolina Ballesteros, Tomislav Curkovic
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 41-43
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-41
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    Cypermethrin (CP), cypermethrin+trans-tetramethrin (CT), prallethrin (PR) and diazinon (DI) were applied to wallpaper or glass to evaluate the control of adult houseflies of up to 60 days; immediate mortality from direct spraying and dry residues was also determined. Mortality from fresh residues was greater on glass for all pyrethroids. CP was toxic by direct spraying, but its effect on glass was brief. Adding trans-tetramethrin extended CP activity up to 60 days (mortality >77%). Negligible activity on wallpaper was probably due to insecticide absorption. PR and DI had little effect on wallpaper. The results recommend CT applied to glass windows to achieve extended control.
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  • Preparation and activity study of new organophosphate insecticide candidates
    Dequn Sun, Chunhua Yang, Wenbo Ming, Li Sun, Lingzi Zhang, Qian Zhang, ...
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 44-47
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: January 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-60
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    Two new organophosphorus pesticides, analog compounds of chlorpyrifos and phoxim, were prepared and evaluated in terms of acute oral toxicity to SD rats and insecticidal activity against different insects in the laboratory. The two compounds showed toxicity similar to corresponding pesticides but with higher insecticidal activity.
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  • Effect of hymexazole (3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole) on cadmium stress and accumulation in Japanese millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link)
    Takuya Abe, Motohiro Fukami, Masaru Ogasawara
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 48-52
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: January 24, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-29
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    The mitigating effects of hymexazole (HMI), choline chloride, indolebutyric acid, ethephon and isoprothiolane on cadmium (Cd) stress and accumulation in Japanese millet were evaluated under aquatic conditions. Among five PGRs, HMI showed the highest mitigating effect; however, in this experiment, almost no effect of calcium (Ca), which has been demonstrated to be a Cd mitigator, on Cd accumulation was observed and the mitigating effect of Ca on Cd stress was less than that of HMI.
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  • Abamine as a basis for new designs of regulators of strigolactone production
    Nobutaka Kitahata, Shinsaku Ito, Atsutaka Kato, Kotomi Ueno, Takeshi N ...
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 53-57
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: January 31, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-72
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    Nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), belonging to the family of carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenases (CCDs), is the rate-limiting step in the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway in plants. Abamine is the first reported abscisic acid biosynthesis inhibitor to target NCED. Its utility has also been considered in the inhibition of other enzymes. As CCDs other than NCED are also involved in the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway, abamine may affect strigolactone biosynthesis. In this study, we found that abamine decreases the level of strigolactones in several plant species and reduces the germination rate of Orobanche minor seeds co-grown with tobacco. Taken together, these data suggest that abamine may be used as a scaffold for the development of specific regulators of strigolactone production.
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  • Biological evaluation of imidazole derivatives as inhibitors of hydroperoxide lyase, a key enzyme in plant volatile biosynthesis
    Keimei Oh, Masumi Higashi, Yuko Yoshizawa
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 58-62
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-66
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    Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of plant volatiles involved in defense responses to mechanical or herbivore-induced wounding. We report here the synthesis of imidazole derivatives and their inhibitory activities on the tomato 13-HPL subfamily. Among 11 newly synthesized compounds, we found that 1-[2-benzyloxy-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (3) exhibits inhibitory activity against recombinant 13-HPL with an IC50 value of approximately 39 μM. Optical difference spectroscopy analysis of compound 3 and HPL interaction indicated that this compound induces a type II binding spectra with a Kd value of approximately 13.5 μM.
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  • New aspect of gallic esters: marked effect on termite feeding
    Shunichi Kubota, Tatsuya Mori, Noritada Matsuo, Yoshinori Shono
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 63-65
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 10, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-54
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    Some gallic esters have interesting effects on the feeding activity of Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki). The feeding response of termites varied markedly according to the numbers of carbon in alkyl chain.
    In particular, 1-decyl gallate exhibited the highest feeding deterrence, whereas 1-octadecyl gallate exhibited the highest feeding-stimulating activity.
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Technical Reports
  • Pesticide residues in domestic agricultural products monitored in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, FY 1995–2009
    Yumi Akiyama, Tomofumi Matsuoka, Naoki Yoshioka, Shigeki Akamatsu, Tak ...
    Article type: Technical Report
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 66-72
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-63
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    Supplementary material
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    During a 15-year monitoring survey (April 1995–March 2010) of pesticide residues in agricultural products, 1542 domestic samples (cereals, vegetables, fruits, etc.) collected in Hyogo prefecture, Japan, were analyzed. The number of pesticides tested increased annually from 110 to 615, and 2198 pesticides, including trace levels, were detected in 844 samples. Annual detection rates of positive samples ranged from 36 to 77% during 15 years, and the average rate was 65% in the past 5 years. With the increase in pesticides tested, total detections in FY 2005–2009 markedly increased, trace level detections composed more than half of all detections, and the numbers of samples containing 4 or more residues increased two-fold. Procymidone and iprodione were frequently found in vegetables, and kresoxim-methyl, acetamiprid, iprodione and captan in fruits. In addition, the detection of carbendazim, dinotefuran and imidacloprid increased in the past 5 years. Violations of MRLs or the uniform limit (0.01 μg/g) were observed in 9 samples (0.6%), among which pesticides unregistered for application were detected in 8 samples. The residue levels of unregistered pesticides should be assessed, as the uniform limit was applied for their regulation in many cases.
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  • Validation of multi-residue method for determination of pesticides in meat products using official guideline of analytical methods in Japan
    Tomofumi Matsuoka, Yumi Akiyama, Takao Mitsuhashi
    Article type: Technical Report
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 73-78
    Published: February 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 03, 2011
    Advance online publication: November 06, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-47
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    Supplementary material
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    A multi-residue analytical method for 185 pesticides (including metabolites) in meat products was validated by the guideline of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This method involved extraction with ethyl acetate–cyclohexane (1 : 1) and cleanup by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and primary secondary amine (PSA) and silica-gel mini-column solid-phase extraction (SPE). The target compounds were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Validation tests were performed on beef, chicken and pork muscles fortified at 0.01 and 0.10 μg/g. Among 185 pesticides tested, 175 in beef, 175 in chicken and 172 in pork were found to conform to the guideline when the solvent standard was used, and 181 in beef, 176 in chicken and 177 in pork when the matrix-matched standard was used. Although significant matrix effects were not observed for most pesticides, use of the matrix-matched standard was preferable for accurate quantitation to the solvent standard. Limits of quantitation (S/N ≥10) were set at 0.01 μg/g for all pesticides. The method was applied to the regulatory monitoring of meat products.
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Abstracts of Articles in Part I
Commentary
Minireviews:
Minireviews:
Seminar: Experimental Techniques
Special topic
Book Review
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