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Keiya INAO, Yasuo ISHII, Yuso KOBARA, Yasuo KITAMURA
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
229-235
Published: August 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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The improved version of the pesticide paddy field model (PADDY) was evaluated for the prediction of pesticide concentrations in water and soil considering water balance on the water management. Field studies under the two different conditions on the water management practices, continuous irrigation and drainage, and water holding management that regulate drainage during the experimental periods, were performed to validate the improved model using molinate and simetryne. For both pesticides, concentrations in paddy water were the same level during the first day after the application on both fields. After second day, pesticide concentrations on the field for continuous irrigation and drainage were lower than those on the field of water holding management. Good fits between model predictions and field observations were obtained for the two pesticides by considering the water management and hydrological condition.
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Shuji KUMATA, Koichi YONEYAMA, Masaru OGASAWARA, Yasutomo TAKEUCHI, Ma ...
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
236-243
Published: August 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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A simazine resistant biotype of
Poa annua L. was found in a golf course in Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. The biotype was highly resistant to
s-triazines, almost equally susceptible to the phenylurea, diuron, and more susceptible to the phenol, dinoseb, than the susceptible biotype both at whole plant and at isolated thylakoid levels. The molecular basis of resistance to
s-triazine herbicides in the resistant biotype was identified as a mutation in
psb A gene giving rise to the replacement of serine 264 by glycine in the D1 protein of photosystem II (PS II). The resistant biotype showed a reduced capacity of photosynthesis when grown under full-sunlight conditions. However, no differences were observed in photosynthetic performance of susceptible and resistant biotypes when grown under shaded conditions. The resistant biotype also showed increased sensitivity to photoinhibition both at whole plant and at isolated PS II membrane levels, indicating that the increased susceptibility in the resistant biotype to the photoinhibition is due to the substitution of serine 264 to glycine in the D1 protein.
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Development of Time-Controlled Release Granule Containing Metominostrobin (Part 5)
Shigeru TASHIMA, Shinji SHIMADA, Kohei MATSUMOTO, Reiji TAKEDA, Tomono ...
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
244-247
Published: August 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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The effect of pH, water hardness and temperature in water on release profile of time-controlled release granule (TCRG) was investigated. The release profile of metominostrobin from TCRG did not change regardless of changing pH from 4 to 10 and water hardness from 3 to 100. However, as the temperature increased, the lag time was shortened and the release rate became faster. When the logarithmic cumulative temperature was plotted as abscissa and release percentage as ordinate, the release profiles measured at fixed temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30°C) and changing temperatures from 15 to 30°C periodically were superposed. Therefore, the released percentage could be predicted from cumulative temperature. Thus, it was thought that the difference in water permeation through PVC membrane by temperature caused different release profiles.
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Hidemitsu TAKAHASHI, Kazuhiko MURAHASHI, Tomohiro TAKE, Makoto ASAI, T ...
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
248-252
Published: August 20, 2001
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The various efficacy of acetamiprid granule against the cotton aphid on cucumber plants according to several different applications such as planting hole and soil-surface applications was investigated. In planting hole application, the uncontrolled-release granule showed excellent efficacy when treated at the center of hole dug in soil as well as when treated uniformly in the hole. In case of soil-surface application, the efficacy of the granule exhibited higher activity against the aphid as the distance between the treated point and the foot of the transplanted seedling became shorter within the distance of 5, 10 and 20cm from the foot of the seedling. The relationship between the efficacy and distance of treated points was the same as in the uncontrolled-release granule. Besides, the influence of the watering volume on the activity was examined. With planting hole application, the activity with lower watering-volume plots was higher than that with higher watering one within the watering volume designed. On the other hand, with soil-surface application the activity against the aphids was inferior to that with planting hole application. Moreover, the effect of watering volume and kind of soil on the activity of the controlled-release granule with planting hole application was examined. It was indicated that a relation between the efficacy and watering volume varied by the kind of soil.
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Motoaki SATOH, Shizuo SHIMOKAWA, Masayuki SAKAGUCHI
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
253-256
Published: August 20, 2001
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Eiji KOTAKA, Shinpei OHKI, Nobuhiro KUBOYAMA, Aiko OHKI, Kazuya KOIZUM ...
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
257-260
Published: August 20, 2001
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Chris J. PETERSON, Brad F. BINDER, Joel R. COATS
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
261-265
Published: August 20, 2001
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Yasuhito KATO, Masato KATAYAMA, Shingo MARUMO
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
266-270
Published: August 20, 2001
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Hiroaki AOYAMA
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
271-276
Published: August 20, 2001
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Toshio NARAHASHI
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
277-285
Published: August 20, 2001
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The mechanisms of action of pyrethroids, fipronil and indoxacarb on neuroreceptors and ion channels are summarized based primarily on our own studies. The major target site of pyrethroids is the sodium channel, and the toxicity is profoundly amplified from channel modulation to hyperactive symptoms in animals. For tetramethrin, only-1% of sodium channel population needs to be modified from brief opening to very prolonged opening to cause hyperactivity. Selective toxicity of pyrethroids between mammals and insects can be largely explained on the basis of differential sodium channel sensitivity to pyrethroids and negative temperature dependence of pyrethroid action. Fipronil blocks rat GABA
A receptors, and the effect is exerted in both resting and active states of the receptors. It acts on GABA-receptor site different from the picrotoxinin binding site. Cockroach GABA receptors are more sensitive to fipronil blocking action than rat GABA
A receptors. Indoxacarb and its metabolite DCJW have multiple actions on sodium channels, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and GABA receptors in both rat and cockroach. However, modulation of these receptors and channels differs considerably between mammals and insects.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
286
Published: August 20, 2001
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Takayuki MOTOYAMA
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
287-291
Published: August 20, 2001
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Daisaku OHTA
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
292-295
Published: August 20, 2001
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Yuriko WATAKABE, Sachiko ONO, Kazuyuki HIRATSUKA
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
296-299
Published: August 20, 2001
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Tetsu ANDO
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
300-304
Published: August 20, 2001
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Hisafumi YAMADA-OKABE
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
305-308
Published: August 20, 2001
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Katsunori TAMURA
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
309-317
Published: August 20, 2001
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Hideyuki INUI
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
318-326
Published: August 20, 2001
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
327-333
Published: August 20, 2001
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Tetsuo TAKEMATSU
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
334
Published: August 20, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
335
Published: August 20, 2001
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
336-338
Published: August 20, 2001
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
339-340
Published: August 20, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages
341-342
Published: August 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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