Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 35, Issue 4
Displaying 1-39 of 39 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Synthesis and anti-juvenile hormone activity of ethyl 4-[(6-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-7-yl)methoxy]benzoates
    Kenjiro Furuta, Norihiro Fujita, Tsubasa Ibushi, Takahiro Shiotsuki, N ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 405-411
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: June 18, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G09-71
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Ethyl 4-[(6-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-7-yl)methoxy]benzoates and their analogues were prepared and the biological activities were evaluated for both anti-juvenile hormone (anti-JH) and JH activity in silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori. Of the compounds tested, ethyl 4-[(6-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-7-yl)methoxy]benzoate (3b) showed the most effective precocious metamorphosis-inducing activity in 3rd instar larvae and JH activity in allatectomized 4th instar larvae. Furthermore, JH I and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) titers in hemolymph of 3rd instar larvae treated with 3b were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The results revealed that compound 3b induced precocious metamorphosis by specifically decreasing JH I in hemolymph.
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  • Effects of cytokinin on production of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice
    Kwang-Wook Ko, Kazunori Okada, Jinichiro Koga, Yusuke Jikumaru, Hideak ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 412-418
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: June 18, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G09-63
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The production of phytoalexins is a well-documented defense response against pathogen infection in rice. Although jasmonic acid has been suggested to be involved in the production of phytoalexins in both suspension-cultured rice cells and rice leaves, there has been almost no information on other secondary signaling molecules that regulate the production of phytoalexins in rice. In this study, the production of the major diterpenoid phytoalexins, momilactones and phytocassanes, was found to be induced by cytokinin treatment in both suspension-cultured rice cells and rice leaves, and also the upregulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes was found to be induced by cytokinin treatment. The roles of cytokinins in the production of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice infected with a pathogen are discussed.
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  • Sensitivity of Japanese Fusarium graminearum species complex isolates to metconazole
    Hideaki Tateishi, Taiji Miyake, Masaru Mori, Rie Kimura, Yoneko Sakuma ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 419-430
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: July 02, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G09-67
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    The sensitivity of the Fusarium graminearum species complex, the causal fungus of Fusarium head blight, to metconazole was measured. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 101 isolates ranged from 0.20 to 6.25 mg/l with a single peak at 1.56 mg/l. The effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition (EC50) was <0.1 mg/l in about 80% of isolates, and no isolate was significantly less sensitive to metconazole among this group. Among the F. graminearum species complex, F. asiaticum and F. graminearum s. str. were identified by PCR-RFLP. The trichothecene chemotypes were determined as 3ADON, 15ADON, or NIV by multiplex PCR. Although species-specific geographical distributions and mycotoxin production characteristics were found, the MIC values to metconazole of both species were distributed within a similar range, and no significant difference in sensitivity was observed between the species or trichothecene chemotypes. Next, CYP51 genes from isolates with different sensitivities to metconazole were amplified by PCR, and their sequences were compared. As a result, it was suggested that the differences in sensitivity to metconazole between the isolates were not due to the substitution of amino acids in CYP51, the target enzyme of DMI. Then, macrospores from isolates with various sensitivities to metconazole were sprayed onto wheat ears, and the efficacy of metconazole was examined. Metconazole showed high control activity against every isolate.
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  • Fungicidal activity of indole derivatives against some plant pathogenic fungi
    Ahmed S. Abdel-Aty
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 431-440
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G09-66
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Fungicidal activity of six prepared indole derivatives in addition to indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid was in vitro evaluated against Fusarium calmorum, Pythium debarianum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrofomina phaseoli fungi. The toxicity appeared to be a function of both the treated fungus and the tested concentration. IC50 values were calculated and the structure activity relationship (SAR) was illustrated. 2-Phenylindole and 1-acetylindole-3-butyric acid exhibited persuasive fungicidal activities, so their effects were examined in vivo against polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO), DNA, RNA and sugar contents. Polyphenoloxidase in R. solani systematically responded to 2-phenylindole concentrations with IC50 value of 80.3 μg/ml. 1-Acetylindole-3-butyric acid was more effective than 2-phenylindole with IC50 values of 41.5 and 80.2 μg/ml comparing with 87.6 and 117.1 μg/ml on F. calmorum and M. phaseoli, respectively. While against P. debarianum, the enzyme was inhibited by 1-acetylindole-3-butyric acid with IC50 equaled 45.6 μg/ml. Effect of the tested compounds on peroxidase was differed among the tested fungi. The peroxidase extracted from P. deparianum was less inhibited. Changing in sugar, DNA and RNA contents of the tested fungi were exhibited that explains the disturbance of the fungal cell physiology and developing deformed and dead cells.
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  • Acute toxicity and related metabolism of pyridalyl in Chironomus yoshimatsui and Hyalella azteca
    Mitsugu Miyamoto, Toshiyuki Katagi
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 441-446
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: August 02, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-30
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    Acute toxicity and metabolism of a new insecticide pyridalyl were examined in the larval midge Chironomus yoshimatsui and adult amphipod Hyalella azteca using 14C-labeling. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of pyridalyl were determined to be 1.1 (48 hr) and 0.015 (96 hr) mg/l for midges and amphipods, respectively, based on its mean measured concentrations in water. Pyridalyl taken up by these organisms underwent ether cleavage at 3,3-dichloroallyloxy moiety followed by conjugation to a significantly higher extent in C. yoshimatsui. The similar acute median lethal body residues (LR50) of pyridalyl estimated for both species from its body residues indicated an insignificant difference in its potential toxicity and therefore, uptake and metabolism behaviors were most likely to play a great role in the apparent toxicity.
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  • Hydrolysis and photolysis of insecticide metofluthrin in water
    Masahiro Nishiyama, Yusuke Suzuki, Toshiyuki Katagi
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 447-455
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: August 18, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-35
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    Metofluthrin [I, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl (EZ)-(1R,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(prop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] was resistant to hydrolysis at pH 4 and 7 but moderately hydrolyzed with a half-life of 36.8 days at pH 9 and 25°C to form the corresponding acid and alcohol via ester cleavage. The activation energy was estimated to be 105 kJ mol−1 based on the hydrolysis rates at 25–50oC. By continuous exposure to light at >290 nm from a Xenon arc lamp at hydrolytically stable pH 4 and 25°C, I was rapidly photodegraded with half-lives of 1.1–3.4 days, mainly via ester cleavage and successive oxidation followed by mineralization to carbon dioxide. Spectroscopic analyses together with co-chromatography with authentic standards showed that the major degradates having an ester linkage were the aldehyde and carboxylic acid derivatives formed via oxidative cleavage of the prop-1-enyl group together with the diol formed possibly through an oxidative intermediate, such as an epoxide.
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  • Uptake and transformation of phenols by duckweed (Lemna gibba)
    Takuo Fujisawa, Keiko Ichise-Shibuya, Toshiyuki Katagi
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 456-463
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: September 06, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-42
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    Uptake and transformation of phenol and its five derivatives each labeled with 14C were examined in duckweed (Lemna gibba). A kinetic analysis on uptake and metabolic transformation was conducted using the assumed compartments. Positive correlation was observed between log P and the logarithm value of relative uptake rate constant with respect to phenol, and an even higher correlation was obtained against the physico-chemical index, EffTox, where the undissociated fraction of phenol was incorporated. No significant correlation was observed between any of the electronic parameters of the phenol derivatives and the transformation rate. These analyses showed that the uptake of phenols by duckweed is mainly controlled by the hydrophobic profile of the undissociated form. For the metabolic profile, the glycoside conjugate was detected as a typical major metabolite for all phenols and the glutathione conjugate as a unique metabolite for 4-chlorophenol.
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  • Isoxazole derivatives as a potential insecticide for managing Callosobruchus chinensis
    Archana Upadhyay, Madhuban Gopal, Chitra Srivastava, N. D. Pandey
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 464-469
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: November 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-40
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    A series of twenty 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles were synthesized (using conventional and microwave methods) by the reaction of substituted chalcones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and characterized by TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for insecticidal activity against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Compounds 1a (LC50 36 mg L−1), 1d (LC50 110 mg L−1), 2c (LC50 93 mg L−1) and 5b (LC50134 mg L−1) were more effective than the recommended organophosphorous insecticide dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) (LC50 155 mg L−1). These compounds provide a lead for designing new substances endowed with insecticidal activity.
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  • Diversity of octylphenol polyethoxylate-degrading bacteria in river sediments and enrichment cultures, was revealed by 16S rRNA and adh1-gene molecular analysis
    Akifumi Hosoda, Yudai Hotta, Toshiyuki Isoi, Satomi Amao, Akiyo Ito, K ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 470-478
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: October 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G09-61
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Supplementary material
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    To understand the extent of natural adaptation to chemical exposure within a microbial consortium, we scrutinized the dynamic relationship between the microbial diversity and biodegradation capacity of octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEOn), as representative alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOn), using enrichment cultures of various sediments from the Iwata River system. To address the potential of microbes in river sediments to transform a surfactant into endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the ability of the microbes to degrade OPEOn in six different sediment samples was assessed by enrichment culture. In addition, 16S rRNA gene-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was conducted to elucidate the microbial communities before and after enrichment of OPEOn-degrading microbes. Functional gene (adh1) copies were also enumerated to estimate the potential of OPEOn degradation in the six sediment samples. Moreover, microbial communities in three of the six sediment samples were characterized by 16S rRNA-based clone analysis. OPEOn-degrading activity was determined to be present in five of the six enrichment cultures; however, no predominant species could be found by clone analysis. DGGE analysis revealed that the genus Pseudomonas, which contributes to the degradation of OPEOn, was one of the major populations in the enrichment cultures. The adh1 gene enumeration was shown to be relatively high when river flow was relatively slow. These results suggest that potential OPEOn degraders are widely distributed in Iwata River with differences in their history of chemical exposure.
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Notes
  • Determination of herbicide clopyralid residues in crops grown in clopyralid-contaminated soils
    Rena Saito, Ozora Ikenaga, Satoru Ishihara, Hitoshi Shibata, Takashi I ...
    Article type: Note
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 479-482
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: September 06, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-09
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In the present study, clopyralid residues in several crops grown in soils contaminated with clopyralid from compost made from animal manure were determined. Two field trials (cabbage and lettuce) and four pot trials (turnip, spinach, broccoli, and komatsuna) were conducted. An efficient extraction and cleanup procedure for analyzing clopyralid from crops followed by LC/MS/MS was developed. The residue levels of clopyralid in crops were from trace to 0.04 mg/kg, which were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) permitted by the food sanitation law in Japan, with the exception of the komatsuna leaf trial.
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  • The effects of luteolin on phenoloxidase and the growth of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    Shu-Dong Wang, Wei Liu, Chao-Bin Xue, Wan-Chun Luo
    Article type: Note
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 483-487
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: September 06, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-24
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    The effects of luteolin on phenoloxidase (PO) from Spodoptera exigua larvae were investigated with the use of a microtitration assay in the present paper. The results showed that luteolin could inhibit the activity of PO and the concentration of this inhibitor that led to a 50% (IC50) activity reduction was estimated to be 0.47 mmol/l. The inhibitory kinetics were analyzed by Lineweaver–Burk plots and the compound was found to be a reversible competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 13.11 mmol/l. The compound was obviously toxic against the larvae (≤3rd instar) of Spodoptera exigua. The highest inhibitory percentage in the older larvae (≥3rd instar) was greater than 60% with luteolin treatment. The pupation rate and percentage of eclosion was also evidently reduced with luteolin treatment by the ingestion method in this investigation.
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Society Awards 2010
  • Development of a new fungicide, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl
    Junetsu Sakai, Ichiro Miura, Masaru Shibata, Norihisa Yonekura, Hideta ...
    Article type: Society Awards 2010
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 488-489
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: October 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J10-07
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl is a novel fungicide belonged to the carboxylic acid amides (CAA) group. This compound is a highly selective fungicide that has superb preventive and curative effects on late blight and downy mildew caused by plant pathogens that belong to Oomycetes. Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl strongly inhibits mycelia growth, zoosporangia germination and cystospore germination, and also inhibits the sporulation of Phytophthora infestans at a very low concentration. The fungicidal and disease-controlling activities of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl are characterized by its excellent preventive, curative, translaminar, systemic movement, residual activities, its inhibitory activity toward lesion development and its rain fastness. These results suggest that the biological properties of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl contribute to its excellent ability to control several diseases in the field.
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  • Development of a Novel Insecticide, Flubendiamide
    Masanori Tohnishi, Tetsuyoshi Nishimatsu, Kazuhiko Motoba, Takashi Hir ...
    Article type: Society Awards 2010
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 490-491
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: November 10, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J10-06
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    Flubendiamide, a novel class insecticide possessing a unique chemical structure, was discovered by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., and was registered in Japan in 2007 under the trade name of Phoenix WDG. The compound is not only the first example of 1,2-benzenedicarboxamide insecticides but also the first practical synthetic insecticide with a mode of action as an activator of ryanodine receptors. It shows high and selective activity against lepidopterous insect pests, which leads to excellent efficacy in the field, and excellent safety against non-target organisms, including various beneficial arthropods and natural enemies. These properties suggested the suitability of flubendiamide for integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
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  • Application and dissemination of pesticide residual analysis system using a commercially available ELISA kit for agricultural production sites
    Shoko Amano, Itsumi Narita
    Article type: Society Awards 2010
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 492-493
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: October 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J10-04
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    The authors are involved in technical support of the introduction of a self-testing system that analyzes pesticide residues using an immunoassay at agricultural production sites. The practicality of the commercially available ELISA kit was high; however, measurement interference was confirmed in some vegetables. Ultra-filtration and dilution have been proposed to avoid measurement interference. In addition, the user's manual of the ELISA kit has added improvements for production sites. Voluntary inspection of the pesticide residue was evaluated highly by the market, and trust in this production area was gained.
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  • Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel anti-juvenile hormone agents
    Kenjiro Furuta
    Article type: Society Awards 2010
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 494-495
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2010
    Advance online publication: November 12, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J10-03
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in insect development, reproduction and behavior, but its action at the molecular level is not well understood. In this study, the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel anti-JH agents were undertaken to obtain more effective chemicals to assist in elucidating the mode of action of JH. Ethyl 4-(2-benzylhexyloxy)benzoate (KF-13) and ethyl 4-[(6-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-7-yl)methoxy]benzoate (KF-38) have been found to show not only highly effective precocious metamorphosis-inducing activity in 3rd-instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, but also JH activity in allatectomized 4th-instar larvae. To clarify the endocrine basis for precocious metamorphosis induced by KF-13 and KF-38, JH I and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) titers in hemolymph of silkworm larvae treated with KF-13 and KF-38 were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The result indicates that the almost complete absence of JH I during the early stage of 3rd-instar larvae enables the process of precocious metamorphosis.
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  • Studies on bioorganic chemistry of peptides active against insects and plants
    Masahiro Miyashita
    Article type: Society Awards 2010
    2010 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 496-498
    Published: November 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2010
    Advance online publication: November 10, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J10-05
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    Peptides are key molecules in various biological events, and certain types of animals, such as scorpions, have venom, which includes a variety of peptide toxins. Since venoms contain peptides with various structures and activities, they are recognized as “natural libraries” for pesticide and drug discovery. On the other hand, “synthetic libraries” can be readily prepared by utilizing combinatorial chemistry approaches. Millions of peptide sequences generated by this method can be tested for the biological activity of interest using a high-throughput screening system. Here we introduce the isolation and characterization of novel insecticidal peptides from scorpion venom, and plant immunity-activating peptides from synthetic random libraries.
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Erratum
PART II (IN JAPANESE)
The Society Award Lectures
Abstracts of Articles in Part I
Commentaries
Minireviews
Seminar: Experimental Techniques
News
Symposia
Erratum
Keyword Index to Volume 35, 2010
Author Index to Volume 35, 2010
Contents of Volume 35, 2010
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