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Volume 1, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi SUZUKI, Junshi MIYAMOTO1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 253-259
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genetic toxicity of insecticidal Sumithion (O, O-Dimethyl (3-Methyl 4-Nitrophenyl) Phosphorothioate), herbicidal Cremart (O-Ethyl O-(3-Methyl 6-Nitrophenyl) N-sec-Butyl Phosphorothioamidate) and fungicidal Denmert (S-n-Butyl S′-p-tent-Butylbenzyl N-3-Pyridyldithiocarbonimidate) was examined by bacterial systems with two different methods, that is 1) by measuring the reverse mutation frequency of nutrient-deficient mutants, and 2) by estimating DNA damaging capacity through detection of difference in growth inhibition of chemicals between DNA repair-deficient strains and wild types.
Two further examinations were carried out to estimate the possible mutagenic effect of mammalian metabolites by combaining with in vitro drug metabolizing systems, and by ‘host-mediated assay’ as an in vivo system.
In any examination Sumithion, Cremart or Denmert at the highest possible dosage was found to be neither mutagenic nor radiomimetic, whereas nitrosoguanidine, 2-aminoanthracene or dimethylnitrosamine was strongly mutagenic in appropriate test systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
Yoshiyuki TAKIMOTO, Junshi MIYAMOTO1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 261-271
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSumithion®, O, O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, at 0.1ppm or 0.02ppm in running water is readily taken up to rainbow trouts and southern topmouthed minnows. The content in fish reaches maximum after 1- to 3-day exposure, with bioaccumulation ratio of 200-250 depending on fish species, age and/or concentration in water. No increase in bioaccumulation ratio is observed on longer exposure. On transference of the fish to water stream free of Sumithion, the compound disappears quite rapidly from fish body and the content decreases to 1/1000 during 5 days. The radiotracer experiments afford the supporting evidences; Sumithion is metabolized in rainbow trouts to sumioxon, desmethylsumithion, desmethylsumioxon, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and its glucuronide, and these degradation products as well as Sumithion are eliminated from fish. These findings are discussed in comparison with those of p, p′-DDT in rainbow trouts, where DDT steadily accumulates with time and hardly disappears from fish body on transferring them to fresh water stream.View full abstractDownload PDF (2997K) -
Nobuyoshi MIKAMI, Hideo OHKAWA, Junshi MIYAMOTO1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 273-281
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExposure of Surecide and Cyanox to UV light in acetone solution resulted in rapid decomposition. The photodecomposition reactions observed were oxidation of P=S to P=O, cleavage of P-O-aryl and P-O-alkyl linkages, liberation of hydrogen cyanide and carbon dioxide, and carboxylation of 4-cyanophenol. These photochemical processes were almost common to both the organophosphorous compounds. When exposed to sunlight, Surecide and Cyanox were fairly stable in water, 21.7% and 35% decomposed after 20-day exposure, respectively, and gradually converted majorly into the oxon analogs, 4-cyanophenol and desmethyl cyanox-oxon, whereas both the organophosphorous compounds rapidly decomposed on silica gel and soil thin-layer plates. Sunlight could have a significant effect on the degradation of Surecide and Cyanox in the environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1137K) -
Metabolic Fate of Fthalide in Ecosystem (Part 1)Takuro TOKUDA, Mitsuhiko NISHIKI, Hazime HOSHI, Kiichi SHINODA, Masaom ...1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 283-294
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFthalide, an effective fungicide for rice-blast, was easily degraded to water soluble compounds in a laboratory prepared compost. The following eighteen transient metabolites were identified in benzene extract and ethyl acetate extract of the compost treated with 14C-labeled fthalide at the lactone ring or the metabolites: 4, 5, 6-trichloro-, 4, 6, 7-trichloro-, 4, 6-dichloro-, 4, 7-dichloro-, 4-chloro-, 4, 5, 6-trichloro-7-methylthio- and 4, 6, 7-trichloro-5-methylthio-phthalide; tetrachloro-, 3, 4, 5-trichloro-, 3, 5, 6-trichloro-, 3, 5-dichloro-, 3, 6-dichloro-, 4, 5-dichloro-, 4-chloro-, 3, 5-dichloro-4-methylthio-, 4, 5-dichloro-3-methylthio- and 4-chloro-5-methylthio-phthalic acid; 3, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloro-2-hydroxymethylbenzoate. Metabolic pathways of fthalide were proposed. None of chlorinated benzoic acids were detected in the metabolites in spite of detailed investigation. Acute oral toxicity of the main metabolites to mammals was very low and phytotoxicity of them on vegitables in pre-emergence test was not so strong.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
Kaoru OHMORI, Toshiyuki SUZUKI, Shuichi ISHIDA, Tomomasa MISATO1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 295-299
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1-Methylthiosemicarbazide was converted in the soil system under flooded conditions into three substances including an antibacterial substance when applied to the paddy water. The antibacterial substance and one of the other substances were taken up by rice plant. Since the antibacterial substance is retained in the rice plant for a fairly long period, it appears that good performance of 1-methylthiosemicarbazide in control of bacterial leaf blight of rice when applied to the paddy water can be attributed to the antibacterial substance. Through extraction of the antibacterial substance from rice plant and its purification, it was identified as 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Hitoshi WATANABE, Sadami ISHIBASHI, Jun-ichi FUKAMI1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 301-305
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Frog Rana nigromaculata died at 80% mortality level by the intrapertioneal injection of chlordimeform hydrochloride (CD; 300mg/kg). Metabolites of CD, N-formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine (NF) and 4-chloro-o-toluidine (CT), required more high doses to produce the mortalities at the same level as CD.
2) All of CD and its metabolites, N′-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N-methylformamidine (DM), NF and CT, produced the contraction of frog rectus abdominis muscle at the concentration of 10-4-10-3M.
3) CD and DM strongly inhibited the Ach-induced contraction of frog rectus abdominis muscle, whereas both of NF and CT were inactive to the Ach-induced contraction at the concentration of 10-3M.
4) A correlation can be found between the inhibition of Ach-induced contraction of frog muscle and toxicity for several organisms among CD and its metabolites.
5) An MAO-specific inhibitor, Iproniazid phosphate (IP), was not toxic for frog and was inactive to the Ach-induced contraction of frog rectus abdominis muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Shigeaki TSUGE, Hikaru KAZANO, Chojiro TOMIZAWA1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 307-311
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA closed type model ecosystem was designed in order to trap volatile and gaseous metabolites. Experiments were performed on carbaryl and p, p′-DDT using this system. Recoveries of radioactivity were 51.4% for carbaryl and 62.1% for DDT. In case of carbaryl, 25.1% of the initial radioactivity was recovered in aqueous NaOH trap. The result as to DDT showed a similar tendency to that previously reported by Metcalf et al. The closed type model ecosystem was proved to be a useful tool for studying likely behavior of pesticides in the environment especially when parent compounds and metabolites were volatile and gaseous.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Yasuo FUJII, Takashi KUROKAWA, Shuichi ISHIDA, Isamu YAMAGUCHI, Tomoma ...1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 313-320
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS3, 3′-Dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone (NK-049) labeled with carbon-14 at the carbonyl carbon was administered orally to female wister rats at the dosage of 500mg per kg. Carbon-14 absorbed from gastrointestinal tract was rapidly distributed into various tissues. The radiocarbon in the tissue was rapidly excreted into feces and urine; 24hr after the administration, 59.38% and 36.15% of the carbon-14 were excreted in feces and urine, respectively, so that no accumulation of the compounds in animal body was presumed. In feces, 75% of the radiocarbon (46% of the dosed NK-049) was confirmed to be an intact NK-049. Major urinary metabolites were free and conjugated 3, 3′-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzophenone (9%) and 3′-carboxy-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzophenone (28%), and free 3′-carboxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone (23%) and 3-carboxy-4-hydroxy-3′-hydroxymethylbenzophenone (9%). Other oxidized metabolites of NK-049 were found in the urine, such as 3, 3′-dicarboxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 3′-carboxy-4-hydroxy-3-hydroxy-methylbenzophenone, 4-hydroxy-3′-hydroxymethyl-3-methylbenzophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-3′-methylbenzophenone, 3-carboxy-3′-methyl-4-methoxybenzophenone and 3, 3′-dicarboxy-4-hydroxybenzophenone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Nobuo TEZUKA, Akira KISO1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 321-324
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was developed for testing chemical effect by using cucumber fruits to multiplehost fungi, Botrytis cinerea Persoon, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary, Corticium rolfsii (Saccardo) Curzi and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Each fungus was seeded on PSA medium in petri dish, 9cm in diameter, and incubated for 3 days at 25°C until the fungus developed to whole petri dish. Cucumber fruits were cut to pieces 4-5cm in length and dipped in test solutions of chemicals for 1-10 minutes. After being dried, the cucumber fruit pieces were placed on the above fungus. After incubating for 72-96 hours in a high moisture at 20-25°C, the height of colored parts or mycelial growth on cucumber fruits was measured. The height of colored part on chemical-treated cucumber fruits was compared with that on nontreated ones. The method is very simple for testing chemical effect to the fungi described above. The result obtained by the method on testing chemical effects to B. cinerea corresponded to the effect of chemicals practically used by spraying for protection of cucumber gray mold in a vinyl house. The method is, therefore, able to be used practically for screening effective chemicals.View full abstractDownload PDF (2964K) -
Hideo OHKAWA1976 Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 325-334
Published: November 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1203K)
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