Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 36, Issue 3
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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English Articles
Original Articles
  • Structure-activity relationship of carboxin-related carboxamides as fungicide
    Yukihiro Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Katsuta, Junro Kishi, Yuji Yanase
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 347-356
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: May 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-70
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Supplementary material
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    Various carboxamides were synthesized and their structure-activity relationships were examined as fungicides. The fungicidal activity and spectrum depended on the aromatic ring and N-substituent at the amide moiety. Among them, N-(biphenyl-2-yl)-2-chloropyridine-3-carboxamide exhibited high activity against gray mold, and the corresponding 3-CF3-pyrazole-4-carboxamide exhibited higher activity. Moreover, it was found that compounds with hydrophobic branched alkyl groups at the ortho position of the N-phenyl group exhibited high and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. The benzene ring of the N-phenyl group can be replaced with a thiophene ring, and optimization of the alkyl groups on the thiophene ring led to penthiopyrad (1); N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-thienyl]-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, which proved to be very effective against various diseases.
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  • Action mechanism of a novel herbicide, fenoxasulfone
    Yoshitaka Tanetani, Tomonori Fujioka, Junko Horita, Koichiro Kaku, Tsu ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 357-362
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: May 07, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G10-97
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The action mechanism of fenoxasulfone was studied by examining the inhibitory effects of this herbicide on the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Fenoxasulfone treatment decreased VLCFAs, such as C20:0, C20:1, C22:0, C24:0, C24:1 and C26:0 fatty acids, in barnyard millet cultured cells, and increased long-chain-fatty acids and medium-chain-fatty acids, such as C18:0 and C15:0, which are precursors of VLCFAs. Fenoxasulfone potently inhibited activities of VLCFA elongase (VLCFAE) in the microsomal fraction of etiolated barnyard millet seedlings, which catalyzed the elongation steps from C22:0 to C24:0 and C24:0 to C26:0, respectively. These results strongly suggested that fenoxasulfone is a potent inhibitor of plant VLCFAEs and should be categorized within the K3 group of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. VLCFAE activity of recombinant Fatty Acid Elongation 1 (FAE1) of Arabidopsis that catalyzes the elongation step from C18:1 to C20:1, was inhibited by fenoxasulfone in a time-dependent manner, which has been shown in the inhibition of VLCFAEs by other well-known VLCFAE-inhibiting herbicides. On the other hand, VLCFAE activity of the microsomal fraction of etiolated barnyard millet seedlings, which catalyzes the elongation step from C24:0 to C26:0, was inhibited by fenoxasulfone in a time-independent manner. This time-independent inhibition raised a new inhibition mechanism of VLCFAE by fenoxasulfone likely with pyroxasulfone, which is classified in the same chemical class as fenoxasulfone.
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  • Structure-selective accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Cucurbita pepo
    Shinryo Matsuo, Kiyoshi Yamazaki, Keiko Gion, Heesoo Eun, Hideyuki Inu ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 363-369
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: June 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-03
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Supplementary material
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    Nine zucchini cultivars (Cucurbita pepo subspecies ovifera and pepo) were grown in soil containing a mixture of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Plants of subspecies pepo accumulated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their aerial parts at higher concentrations than did plants of subspecies ovifera. In all cultivars, the accumulation of PCDDs and PCDFs in the aerial parts decreased with increasing hydrophobicity, whereas for PCBs, a negative correlation was observed in only two cultivars. The other seven cultivars selectively accumulated ortho-chlorinated biphenyls. Our results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, which should help in the development of efficient methods for phytoremediation of hydrophobic contaminants.
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  • Larvicidal activity of α-mangostin in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
    Min-Sik Kim, Que Lan
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 370-375
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: June 11, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-09
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    α-Mangostin, a major xanthone derivative in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), has been proven to have a wide range of biological-activities. In this study, we assessed the larvicidal and antifeeding activities of α-mangostin using larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. α-Mangostin showed larvicidal activity and growth inhibitory effects under non-choice feeding conditions. The LC50 values with 7-, 14- and 23-day treatment were 63.66 (13.29–279.79) μM, 8.37 (2.67–20.27) μM and 4.09 (0.89–11.81) μM, respectively. Larval development was significantly delayed 3–8 days with α-mangostin treatment. The antifeeding activity of α-mangostin was also tested by leaf disc non-choice and choice methods against larvae and adults of L. decemlineata. α-Mangostin had stronger antifeeding-activity toward adults than toward larvae, whereas there was low lethality in adults associated with higher antifeeding indexes (AFIs). The larvicidal and antifeeding effects suggest that α-mangostin and related compounds should be explored for their potential as botanical insecticide alternatives for control of the Colorado potato beetle.
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  • Photodegradation of insecticide metofluthrin on soil, clay minerals and glass surfaces
    Hirohito Nishimura, Yusuke Suzuki, Masahiro Nishiyama, Takuo Fujisawa, ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 376-384
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: May 28, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-05
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    Photodegradation of pyrethroid insecticide metofluthrin (I) [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl (EZ)-(1R,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(prop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] on soil, clay minerals, and glass surfaces was examined using a xenon arc lamp (>290 nm). I was rapidly photodegraded via oxidation of the double bond at the prop-1-enyl moiety and cleavage of the ester linkage followed by mineralization to carbon dioxide, while photo-isomerization to other isomers was a minor route. The major photodegradates having an intact ester linkage were the caronaldehyde and carboxylic acid derivatives formed via 1,2,4-trioxolane (ozonide) and the diol derivatives formed via epoxide, which strongly suggested the involvement of ozone and hydrogen peroxide as the active oxygen species.
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  • Effect of carbendazim-8-oxyquinoline-copper, a novel chelate fungicide against Fusarium graminearum
    Wen-Yuan Yu, Lei-Gang Zhang, Jian-Bo Qiu, Jian-Xin Wang, Chang-Jun Che ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 385-391
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: July 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-15
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    The efficacy of carbendazim-8-oxyquinoline-copper (BCOC), which is a chelate of carbendazim (MBC) and oxine-copper (BHC), was compared with that of MBC and BHC for control of Fusarium graminearum. In vitro inhibition of MBC-resistant (MBCR) strains was greater with BCOC than with MBC or BHC, or the mixture of MBC and BHC; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MBC-high-resistant strains for BCOC was 10 times lower than the MIC for MBC. Appearance of germ tubes of F. graminearum was similar after treating with BCOC or MBC. The EC50 of BCOC was 1.29±0.61 μg/mL against 124 F. graminearum field strains collected in 2010 and 3.23±0.41 μg/mL against 127 F. graminearum MBCR field strains collected between 2000 and 2010. BCOC provided best protective and curative control of Fusarium head blight on wheat artificially inoculated with both MBCS (MBC sensitive) and MBCR strains in the field. To explain the high efficacy of BCOC, we hypothesize that the 8-oxyquinoline-copper in BCOC changes the molecule's structure and thereby increases the interaction between the carbendazim radical in BCOC and the β2-tubulin protein in F. graminearum. BCOC has substantial potential for the synthesis of new fungicides for disease control and resistance management.
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  • Synthesis and insecticidal activity of 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives
    Jun Suzuki, Daigo Okamura, Toru Gushikawa, Kenji Hirai, Tetsu Ando
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 392-401
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: July 16, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-28
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    A series of 5-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-thiadiazoles were prepared as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and evaluated for their insecticidal activity. These derivatives were synthesized through sequential reactions consisting of the condensation of pyridinecarboamides or pyridinecarbothioamides with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, cyclization with hydroxylamine, quaternization by alkyl halide and reaction with sodium borohydride. All 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-thiadiazoles synthesized were evaluated for insecticidal activity and their structure-activity relationships are discussed. It was discovered that many compounds were active against representative insects such as Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix cincticeps and Aphis craccivora. In particular, it was also found that 3-pyridyl-substituted derivatives of 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-thiadiazole exhibited good insecticidal activity against all the insects tested. Among the compounds evaluated, 3-methyl-5-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (9m-2) showed the highest activity against Nilaparvata lugens, and provided a high level of activity against the imidacloprid-resistant strain. Based on the preliminary binding assay using the binding inhibition of mAChR antagonist [3H]NMS to the nerve-cord membranes as an index of the binding activity, 9m-2 exhibited a range of potencies for the insect muscarinic receptor.
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Note
  • Cultural filtrates of certain microbial isolates as an alternative to powdery mildew chemical control in cucumbers
    Aly S. Derbalah, Gaber A. Elkot
    Article type: Note
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 402-406
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: June 11, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-23
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    Powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll. is a major problem in cucumbers grown under greenhouse conditions. Culture filtrates of certain biocontrol agents (Epicoccum nigrum ES1, Epicoccum minitans ES2, Epicoccum sp ES3, Trichoderma harzianum ES4, Trichoderma viride ES5 and Bacillus pumilus ES6) were evaluated alone and in combination with penconazole against powdery mildew in cucumbers. The results showed that most of the culture filtrates of the tested microbial isolates in combination with the fungicide were more effective against powdery mildew than the fungicide alone at the recommended concentration level. The antifungal activity of the tested culture filtrates against powdery mildew was due to the presence of known antifungal compounds identified by GC-MS analysis. The results revealed that culture filtrates can be regarded as an effective control method for powdery mildew in cucumbers.
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Society Awards 2011
  • Studies on metabolism and disposition of pesticides in mammals by in vivo/vitro/silico combination assessment method
    Hirohisa Nagahori
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 407-409
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: July 27, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J11-03
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    The metabolism and characteristics of flufenpyr-ethyl, procymidone, furametpyr, and pyridalyl in animals were analyzed by in vivo/vitro/silico combination assessment methods. Small amounts of metabolites were identified in addition to traditional in vivo metabolism study, and in vitro metabolism studies were conducted with cytochrome P450 expressed in the microsome or tissue fraction. In silico physiologically-based pharmacokinetics modeling was used to predict the characteristics. Analyzing species- and sex-related differences, metabolic enzymes, and distribution by these methods, the formation and elimination of toxic metabolites were involved in species- and sex-related differences of toxicity. These results were used to discuss the human risk.
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  • Studies for assessing the impact of pesticides on riverine insects
    Atsushi Yokoyama
    Article type: Society Awards 2011
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 410-411
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: August 21, 2011
    Advance online publication: July 28, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J11-04
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    A new method for the mass-rearing of Cheumatopsyche brevilineata was developed. The rearing system supported the full life cycle year-round, and the culture scale supplied sufficient larvae for bioassays every week. We also developed a series of insecticide bioassays for each larval instar of the caddisfly and determined the sensitivity of first-instar larvae to 30 paddy insecticides. After comparing the sensitivity of the caddisfly and other aquatic arthropods to the insecticides, the caddisfly appears to be a valid additional surrogate test species for riverine insects and will be valuable for assessing the ecological impacts of insecticides, whose impact on aquatic invertebrates is prone to underestimation by daphnid bioassays.
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Original Article
  • Predicting the behavior of paddy pesticides in a river basin using a simulation model (PADDY-Large): Application to a tributary of the Chikuma River under rice cultivation
    Keiya Inao, Toshihiko Hojyo, Hirochika Annoh, Satoe Miyazaki, Takeshi ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 413-427
    Published: August 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.W11-15
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    Eleven paddy pesticides and 3 of their metabolites were monitored in Hiroi stream (a tributary of the Chikuma River in Japan) during rice cultivation season for 5 years (2001–2005). An improved simulation model for predicting pesticide behavior in drainage canals and rivers based on PADDY-Large was developed to include the metabolic pathways and drift process following aerial and unmanned helicopter spraying and applied to herbicides as well as nursery-box- and foliage-applied fungicides and insecticides. The nursery-box-applied insecticide carbosulfan was rarely detected in stream water during the monitoring period, whereas a clear peak for its metabolite (carbofuran) was observed. Detection of herbicides other than cyhalofop-buthyl was dependent on the timing of herbicide application. The fungicide tricyclazole, the insecticide trichlorfon, and the trichlorfon metabolite (dichlorvos) were detected at a few dozen μg L−1 immediately after aerial spraying and the concentrations decreased rapidly. In contrast, these peak concentrations sprayed by unmanned helicopter were one-tenth to one-half of those by aerial application. The improved PADDY-Large model successfully simulated changes in concentrations of paddy pesticides and 3 of their metabolites in stream water during the rice cultivation season, although there were some discrepancies between simulated and measured concentrations.
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The Society Award Lectures
Abstracts of Articles in Part I
Seminar: Experimental Techniques (Part 3)
Book Review
Obituary
Erratum
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