Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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PART I (IN ENGLISH)
Original Articles
  • A novel soil-type biopesticide KNB422-soil against rice seedling diseases
    Taiji Miyake, Hideaki Tateishi, Yoneko Sakuma, Toshihide Saishoji
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 129-134
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 29, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G11-32
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Supplementary material
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    KNB422 is a fungal isolate effective at controlling rice seedling diseases such as Bakanae disease, when applied to seeds. When a granulated soil for rice nurseries containing KNB422 (KNB422-soil) was used, several seed-borne diseases caused by fungal as well as bacterial pathogens, such as Gibberella fujikuroi and Burkholderia plantarii, were controlled efficiently during seedling production. Using KNB422-soil also controlled soil-borne diseases caused by Rhizopus oryzae, Pythium graminicola, Trichoderma viride, and Fusarium sp. as effectively as chemical pesticides. A combination of KNB422-soil and hot-water submersion of rice seeds completely controlled Bakanae disease without any chemicals. Since the use of KNB422-soil for rice seedling production was sufficiently controlled seed-borne and soil-borne diseases and hot-water submersion enhanced its activity, this new material would reduce chemical usage and labor.
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  • Effect of temperature on the toxicity of several insecticides to Apolygus lucorum (Heteroptera: Miridae)
    Yun-hua Ma, Zhan-lin Gao, Zhi-hong Dang, Yao-fa Li, Wen-liang Pan
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 135-139
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 21, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D11-013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The toxicity of eight conventional insecticides to the third-instar Apolygus lucorum was measured at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C, and the temperature was strictly maintained from pretreatment to posttreatment. The results showed that temperature prompted a slightly positive influence in toxicity of phoxim and carbosulfan, whereas methomyl was negatively influenced by temperature. β-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin demonstrated a distinctively stable negative temperature coefficient, especially β-cypermethrin with a 70.27 time variance between given temperatures. In contrast, the toxicity of imidacloprid and acetamiprid increased as the temperature rose, showing a significant positive temperature coefficient to Apolygus lucorum. The effect of temperature on the toxicity of fipronil was irregular. Therefore, temperature should be taken into account in the process of choosing insecticides.
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  • Effect of percolation flow on herbicide loss from rice paddies
    Miki Sudo, Yuko Goto, Takahiro Okajima, Rieko Horiuchi, Hiromichi Odan ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 140-147
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 29, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D11-032
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    The fate and transport of pretilachlor, one of the most widely used rice-paddy herbicides in Japan, were monitored in a rice paddy plot for 28 days after its application in the five study years. The effect of the percolation rate on herbicide loss was investigated. The concentration of pretilachlor in the paddy water was at its highest level within 2 days of application. The maximum concentration in percolated water was lower, and it was reached 1 or 2 days later than that in the paddy water. Almost all the pretilachlor loss was caused by percolation. The pretilachlor loss, as estimated from the amount that was applied and the cumulative percolation loss, ranged from 7.4 to 16.3%. In the five study years, the average percolation rate for the 7 days following application ranged from 11.5 to 29.3 mm/day. The pretilachlor loss increased proportionally with the percolation rate for 7 days following application.
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  • Decrease in the matrix effect of GC/MS by a gold-plated ion source
    Kuniyo Sugitate, Hidetaka Anazawa, Sadao Nakamura, Norimichi Orikata, ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 148-155
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 29, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D11-043
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    The matrix effect is often observed when trace levels of pesticides in agricultural products are analyzed by GC/MS. In this study, we created a gold-plated ion source that included an ion source body, a draw-out plate lens, and an interface socket. When agricultural products fortified with a pesticide at 100 ppb were tested by GC/MS equipped with a gold-plated ion source, the matrix effect was reduced. The rates of decrease in the matrix effect value in samples of potato, spinach, orange brown rice, and soybean were 2.3%, 14%, 20%, 38%, and 15%, respectively. The rate of decrease was especially significant in the sample of brown rice. This result showed that the gold-plated ion source effectively reduced the interaction between the food matrix and the ion source.
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  • Search of components causing matrix effects on GC/MS for pesticide analysis in food
    Kuniyo Sugitate, Sadao Nakamura, Norimichi Orikata, Kazushi Mizukoshi, ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 156-163
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 29, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D11-048
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    Supplementary material
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    A serious problem in analyzing pesticide residues in foods by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the matrix enhancement effect. The matrix effect of pesticides in 5 types of representative samples preprocessed by the Positive List System was measured at 100 ppb. The mean matrix effect value of pesticides in potato, spinach, orange, brown rice, and soybean sample was 129%, 191%, 171%, 225%, and 146%, respectively. Continuing research showed that the sample solutions contained high amounts of some matrix components, such as tocopherols, sterols, and monoacylglycerols. In order to investigate which component causes the matrix effect, each matrix solution was prepared at 1–1000 ppm (monoacylglycerols: 1–500 ppm), and the pesticide mixture was fortified to 100 ppb. The matrix effect depended on the concentration of the matrix solution, and we concluded that monoacylglycerols were the most attributable components to the matrix effect.
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Notes
Society Awards 2012
  • Studies on target molecules of insect growth regulators
    Takahiro Shiotsuki
    Article type: Society Award 2012
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 176-177
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J12-01
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    Insect development is controlled by combined, precise concentrations of juvenile hormones (JHs) and a molting hormone (20E). However, many aspects of the molecular action of JHs remain to be clarified compared with 20E. For this purpose, the target sites of insect growth regulators (IGR) related to JHs in chemical structure and the proteins to control the titers and actions of JHs were reviewed.
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  • Deciphering nicotinic insecticide binding surfaces by chemical and structural biology approaches
    Motohiro Tomizawa
    Article type: Society Award 2012
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 178-179
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J12-02
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Binding-site interactions of nicotinic insecticides have been defined by comparative chemical and structural biology approaches using mollusk acetylcholine binding proteins which serve as structural surrogates of the insect and vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Neonicotinoids with an electronegative pharmacophore are embraced by a reversed position in the binding pocket compared with a nicotinoid cationic functionality. A single dominant binding orientation causes high affinity for neonicotinoids at the insect nAChR homologue. However, the inferior potency of neonicotinoids at the vertebrate nAChR model is associated with multiple binding conformations rivaling in the agonist-binding pocket. These findings in molecular recognition conferring potency and selectivity facilitated illustrative studies on nAChR structure-guided insecticide design.
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Original Article (with Abstract in English)
  • Factors affecting cypermethrin residue levels in apples from Japanese orchards
    Masahiro Fujita, Tomonari Yajima, Hiroko Hamano, Michiko Sakasai, Kazu ...
    Article type: Original Article (with Abstract in English)
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 183-189
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 07, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.W12-04
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Supplementary material
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    Cypermethrin residues in apples were evaluated to consider individual variations from sample-to-sample, field-to-field, and edible-to-inedible portions. The VF (variability factor) values obtained from the 97.5th percentile and the mean pesticide residue levels of 130 individual apple samples were 1.76 and 1.75, respectively, and the highest residue level was approximately 10 times the lowest one. The results suggest that, in order to obtain reliable values of pesticide residue levels, a sufficient number of samples is essential. Regarding field-to-field variability, the highest mean residue level from 8 orchards was approximately 2.3 times that of the lowest. The pesticide residue level determined for an entire fruit was slightly higher than that for the edible portions, and there was no significant statistical difference between the two.
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Technical Report (with Abstract in English)
  • Discriminant analysis of pesticide formulations by FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy
    Satoru Ishihara, Natsuki Toyodome
    Article type: Technical Report (with Abstract in English)
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 190-195
    Published: May 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2012
    Advance online publication: April 29, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.W12-06
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To ensure the safety of the environment and human health, the manufacture of pesticide formulations must be in accord with registered formula components. The Agricultural Chemicals Inspection Station therefore regularly inspects the formula components of commercial samples. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple method using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FT-IR/ATR) spectroscopy for the identification of the formula components of registered and commercial samples. The FT-IR/ATR technique is fast and relatively easy to use; it requires no sample pretreatment for most solid and liquid pesticide formulations, with the exception of some ready-to-use liquid formulations. The transmittance spectrum (4,000–650 cm−1) is useful for inspection. We used three evaluation methods to identify the components of the formula: overlap of two spectra, calculation of the purity index, and use of principal component analysis (PCA).
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The Society Award Lectures
Commentary
Seminar: Experimental Techniques
Symposia
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