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Colloidal Studies on Dispersed Particles in Aqueous Suspension of Pesticide Formulation (Part I)
Yasuyuki KATAYAMA, Shigekazu ZEN, Fumio HORIDE, Shigenori TSUDA, Kozo ...
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
1-5
Published: February 20, 1992
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The suspension stability of two mineral carriers were investigated in various hard water with or without surfactants. As the hardness of water increased, the suspensibility of kaolinite clay decreased because its primary particles coagulated due to the lower ζ-potential. However, an addition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate to kaolinite clay effectively raised the suspensibility by providing high ζ-potential to particles. On the other hand, the suspensibility of diatomaceous earth was lower with the surfactant than without, while the ζ-potential was higher with it. The adhesion tension of diatomaceous earth was reduced by the surfactant, while that of kaolinite clay was raised by it. This suggested that the surfactant raised the interfacial energy of diatomaceous earth, causing coagulation occurred. The difference in the effect of surfactants on the adhesion tension between diatomaceous earth and kaolinite clay seemed to come from the difference in the hydrophilicity of their surfaces: the former had relatively high affinity for water, while the latter was hydrophobic.
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Takafumi FUSAKA, Hirokazu DANTSUJI, Yoshihiro INOUE, Koichi IWANAGA, Y ...
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
7-16
Published: February 20, 1992
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In the course of modifying substituents on the 3-phenyl moiety of 1-benzoyl-3-phenylurea compounds known as potent insect growth regulators, we prepared those having polyfluoroethylsulfenyl, -sulfinyl, and-sulfonyl substituents at the 4-position and second ones (halogen, methyl) at other positions, and investigated their larvicidal activity against lepidopterous insects. Most of sulfenyl derivatives (4) had the excellent activity as we had expected, and to our surprise some of sulfonyl (2) and sulfinyl derivatives (3) also showed effectiveness comparable to that of 4. It was considered the larvicidal activity of these compounds was enhanced under good balance of key substituents at the 4-position and additional ones at the 2-position on the 3-phenyl ring system.
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Studies on Fungicidal N-Phenylformamidoximes (Part 2)
Koichi HAYAKAWA, Akira NAKAYAMA, Hiroaki NISHIKAWA, Akira NAKATA, Shin ...
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
17-25
Published: February 20, 1992
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Fungicidal activity of
N-phenylformamidoximes against
Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazole fungicides was analyzed quantitatively by using their physicochemical and structural parameters and regression analysis. The results showed that steric and electronic effects of substituents at the 4-position of the 3, 5-dichlorophenyl group are important for the fungicidal activity and the fungitoxic property in terms of negatively correlated crossresistance to benzimidazole fungicides. The effects of oxime
O-substituents were expressed by steric and hydrophobic parameters in the analysis of compounds having a 3, 5-dichloro-4-propynyloxyphenyl group. Further analysis for a larger data set including variations in both substituents gave a regression equation, which indicates significant contribution of hydrophobic, steric and electronic properties to the fungicidal activity. For the steric effects, the optimum sizes of substituents were presented by regression equations. These results suggest that steric and electronic interactions are important for molecular recognition at the receptor and that transportation process to the active site effectively controls the biological response as expressed by hydrophobic parameters.
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Naohiko ISOBE, Takumi SUZUKI, Jun-ichi NISHIKAWA, Hideo KANEKO, Iwao N ...
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
27-37
Published: February 20, 1992
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On single oral administration of (1
R)-
cis-or (1
R)-
trans-empenthrin [(
RS)-1-ethynyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl (1
R)-
cis-
trans-chrysanthemate], labeled with
14C at C-1 carbon of the alcohol moiety, at 3 and 150mg/kg or 3 and 600mg/kg, respectively, rats excreted
14C rapidly and substantially completely into the urine and feces within 7 days after administration.
14C remaining in the body was less than 0.4% of the dose on the 7th day. Urinary, fecal and exhaled
14C excretion accounted for 22-41%, 60-74% and 1-2% of the dose, respectively.
14C concentrations in the tissues reached maxima at 1 to 8hr after dosing the
cis- or
trans-isomer at 3mg/kg and decreased thereafter. The concentrations were higher in the liver and kidney than other tissues. The fat retained
14C longer than other tissues in rats treated with the
cis-isomer. Notable sex-related difference was not observed in distribution or excretion of radioactivity.
14C tissue residues were lower in rats receiving the
trans-isomer than in those receiving the
cis-isomer. The parent compound accounted for 7-13% and 17-26% of the dose in the feces of rats receiving the
cis- and
trans-isomer, respectively. Main biotransformations were cleavage of the ester linkage and glucuronidation of the formed alcohol. Oxidation of a methyl group in the acid moiety and a methylene group in the alcohol moiety, and hydration of the triple bond in the alcohol moiety were also observed.
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Tsutomu SHIMIZU, Toru NAKAO, Yoshitaka SUDA, Hiroshi ABE
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
39-46
Published: February 20, 1992
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A fungicide, mepronil (3′-isopropoxy-2-methylbenzanilide, trade name: Basitac) inhibited potently the oxidation of succinate in mitochondria isolated from mycelia of
Rhizoctonia solani, which was measured by oxygen consumption, while it did not affect the oxidation of NADH of mitochondria from the fungus. It inhibited the following enzymes in the isolated mitochondria from
R. solani which are responsible for the oxidation of succinate; succinate-cytochrome
c reductase (I
50: 0.25μM), succinate-coenzyme Q
10 reductase, succinate dehydrogenase assayed using DCPIP as an electron acceptor (I
50: 0.24μM,
Ki: 0.082μM
Ki′: 0.23μM) and succinate dehydrogenase assayed using both PMS and DCPIP as electron acceptors. It, however, did not inhibit succinate dehydrogenase which was solubilized from the mitochondria. It had no significant effect on succinate dehydrogenases in mitochondria isolated from other sources such as
Pyricuralia oryzae,
Botrytis cinerea, rat liver, mouse liver, etiolated pea seedling and sweet potato root. These results indicated that mepronil selectively inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in mitochondria of
R. solani.
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Adrien FÓNAGY, Shogo MATSUMOTO, Kyoichi UCHIUMI, Chitose ORIKAS ...
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
47-54
Published: February 20, 1992
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The effect of synthetic Bom-PBAN was studied
in vivo and
in vitro. In
B. mori, injection of 0.01ng/female induced bombykol production and maximal production was attained at 1ng/female
in vivo. Time-dependence studies revealed an optimum response after incubation for 90-120min at a dose of 0.5ng/female.
In vivo, sex pheromone production was induced in
B. mori at 0.5ng PBAN/150μl Grace's medium and in
S. litura at 2ng/50μl concentrations. Pheromone production reached maximum at 10ng/150μl in
B. mori and 15ng/50μl in
S. litura, respectively. In both species, optimal incubation time was 90-120min
in vitro. Induction of sex pheromone production
in vitro clearly indicates that the target organ of PBAN action is the pheromone gland in
B. mori and
S. litura. Since sex pheromone production was also induced by calcium ionophore
in vitro, Ca
2+ is likely to mediate the action of PBAN.
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Yoshihisa OZOE, Kazuo MOCHIDA, Toshiie NAKAMURA, Morifusa ETO
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
55-60
Published: February 20, 1992
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Eight 3-alkyl-4-propyl-2, 6, 7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo [2. 2. 2] octane 1-sulfides were synthesized and assayed by three systems to characterize the topography of
t-butylbicyclophos-phorothionate (TBPS)-binding sites in the insect GABA-gated chloride channel. In topical application to piperonyl butoxide (PB)-pretreated houseflies, the rank order of 3-substituents giving high insecticidal activity was
i-Pr>Me=H>Et=
t-Bu>
s-Bu>
n-Pr. In injection to PB-pretreated German cockroaches, the order was
t-Bu=
i-Pr>Me=Et>
n-Pr=
s-Bu=H. In both assays, the
n-Bu and
i-Bu analogs were almost inactive. In [
35S]TBPS-binding assays on housefly head membranes, the substitution with
t-Bu,
i-Pr and
s-Bu groups gave the most potent analogs with IC
50 values of ≤ 1μM, followed by the Me, Et and
n-Pr analogs, the unsubstituted compound and the
n-Bu analog. The
i-Bu analog was less potent than these compounds. The results indicate that the introduction of a 3-alkyl group with the length of one to three carbon atoms results in an increase in the affinity for TBPS-binding sites (only the branching at the 2 position of the alkyl group exerts the opposite effect) and that the
t-Bu and
i-Pr groups are optimal substituents.
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Hideharu SETO, Yasuo KAMURO, Zhao-hui QIAN, Takeshi SHIMIZU
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
61-67
Published: February 20, 1992
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All the stereoisomers of cucurbic acid and its various analogs were stereoselectively synthesized in a racemic form, and their inhibitory activities on the root growth of rice seedlings and plant height of young corn plants were assessed in order to study the structure-activity relationships and to explore practical compounds for agricultural use as plant growth regulators. Essential structural factors to enhance the activity on the root growth of rice seedlings were 1)
cis-configulation of C-1 and C-2 substituents, 2) free hydroxyl group at the C-3 position, 3) alkenyl or alkyl group represented by (
Z)-2′-pentenyl or butyl group at the C-2 position, and 4) methyl acetate substituent at the C-1 position. Although none of cucurbic acid analogs tested so far surpassed the corresponding 3-oxo derivatives such as methyl jasmonate and methyl epijasmonate in the inhibitory activities on rice seedlings, some compounds showed somewhat higher activities on the plant height of young corn plants by foliar application, where the hydroxyl group at the C-3 position and the alkyl substituent at the C-2 position seemed to be more suitable than the corresponding keto function and alkenyl substituent, respectively.
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Itaru OKADA, Shuko OKUI, Mana SEKINE, Yoji TAKAHASHI, Toshiki FUKUCHI
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
69-73
Published: February 20, 1992
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Twenty-six bicyclic pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and their acaricidal activity was studied. Among them,
N-(4-
tert-butylbenzyl)-2, 6-dimethyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclo-pentapyrazole-3-carboxamide (21) was the most effective and a promising acaricide, whose activity against both
Tetranychus urticae and
Panonychus citri was almost equal to that of MK-239 (tebufenpyrad).
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Toshiro MIYAKE, Hiroshi HARUYAMA, Takashi MITSUI, Akira SAKURAI
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
75-82
Published: February 20, 1992
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Effects of a new jevenile hormone mimic (JHM), NC-170 [4-chloro-5-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethoxy)-2-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-pyridazine-3(
H)-one], on the metamorphosis and diapause of the small brown planthopper were examined in comparison with those of Juvenile Hormone (JH)-1, 2 and 3. NC-170 had a strong metamorphosis-inhibiting activity with a ID
50 of 0.42pg/larva when topically applied to nondiapause mid-4th stadium larvae. The three JHs showed no signs of metamorphosis inhibition not only by single topical application to mid-4th stadium larvae at a maximal dosage (300ng/larvae), but also by daily repeated topical applications to larvae in the early 4th to 5th stadium (30ng/day/larva). When the planthoppers were reared at 20°C under short-day (8L/16D) photoperiods throughout the embryonic and larval stages, the development was considerably retarded in the 4th larval stadium, which is apparently the state of diapause. They resumed normal (nondiapause) development when 20-hydroxyecdysone was topically applied. Contact applications of 100ppm NC-170 through the larval stage prevented larvae from entering diapause, and topical applications of the chemical terminated diapause and induced 4th larval molts about 8 days after treatment. JH-1 also terminated diapause in the same manner at the same dosages as NC-170.
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Adel Ramzy FAHMY, Tadashi MIYATA
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
83-85
Published: February 20, 1992
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Akira MIZUTANI, Shigeki HIROSE, Hideyuki IMAZAKI, Katsuaki OHBA, Takeo ...
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
87-89
Published: February 20, 1992
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Hiroyuki OSADA
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S1-S7
Published: February 20, 1992
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Hiroshi SUGE
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S9-S14
Published: February 20, 1992
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Gerrit EHLING, Karl-Heinz LEIST, Eugen EBERT
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S17-S23
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S25-S27
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S29-S34
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S35-S38
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S39-S43
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S45-S46
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S47-S49
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S50-S52
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S53-S55
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S56-S58
Published: February 20, 1992
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[in Japanese]
1992 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
S59-S61
Published: February 20, 1992
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