Japan, China, and Korea ratified UNCLOS simultaneously in 1996. On the other hand, co-management of resources by these countries that have common waters and shared stocks has not been realized. This paper’s purpose is to clarify the new fisheries order among three countries, and search the base for realizing co-management. Therefore, I’ll focus the TAC system of Korea and analyze its outline, allocation, result, problems, and solutions.

TAC system of Korea started in 1999, before the effectuation of agreements among Japan-Korea, Korea-China. TAC species in 2006 are 10; Mackerel, Horse mackerel, Sardine, Snow Crab, Red Snow Crab, Pen Shell, Purple Washington Clam, Turban Shell in Jeju-Do, Blue Crab and Japanese flying squid. Enforcement fisheries are coastal and offshore fisheries that catch most of TAC species. TAC is decided by minister management fishery or local governor management fishery. Management method is Individual Quota System. TAC is allocated to ships or fishermen evenly or according to the catch record, ship scale. TAC’s administration is according to catch reports of fishermen and consignment persons and observers and fishery superintendent regulate them. There is punishment for transgressor to TAC regulations and government financed aid project for participant to TAC system.

The “Wakame” (a kind of seaweed) processing industry, as well as the “Nori” (laver) processing industry, has occupied principal position in the Korean marine products processing industries, and they has formed two kinds of basic processing industries in there. From the first, the “Wakame” industry, processing the steaming-salting “Wakame”, has mainly developed as the export business for the Japanese market. But, in the 1990’s, the “Wakame” industry was put in the decline of exporting its products, caused by increasing of the Chinese products. In the result, now, the “Wakame” industry is proceeding to restructure itself by decreasing the processing companies and promoting the intensification of the productive areas in its industry. These restructuring will be advanced in the two direction of switching from processing the steaming-salting “Wakame” to processing the dried “Wakame” and changing the marketing-strategy rather for the domestic needs than for the foreign.

This article analyzed the actual conditions of the “Wakame” industry in the Chollanam-do Wando-Wando-up in order to explain the significance of changing structure of the “Wakame” processing industry in Korea.

Tuna, after shrimps, forms the most valuable seafood product in both export and domestic market in Sri Lanka. The first section of this paper discusses the present status of tuna industry in Sri Lanka. Secondly, this paper analyzes the impact of technological innovation, effort in international business, manager’s perception on obstacles to export and utilization of public instruments on export performance of permanent and sporadic tuna exporters. Market analysis showed decreasing trend towards to both main export markets. Results of the empirical study suggested that 96% of export performance of tuna exporters was explained by tested independent variables. Permanent exporters were engage in technological innovation in greater intensity than sporadic exporters. Especially, permanent exporters put more effort in international business than the innovation. Considering the manager’s perception, external to the country barriers were made big burden on export performance and sporadic exporters have to suffer a lot. The behavior of public instruments was neutral on the improvement of export performance. Trade promotion instruments were the widely used tool among permanent exporters and sporadic exporters were less familiar with these tools.

The tidal zone fishery Utilization system in the Chinese coast fishing village converted most into exclusive use from once open access use along with expansion of an oversea market after a reform opening policy from 1979 was set forth. The management Organization Form of various tidal zone fishing formed with the conversion of a Utilization system. Moreover, the management organization form always changes with the factors of the maintenance of operation order, the capability corresponding to a risk, and the acquisition of export right etc. Managing the large-scale tidal zone as one unit is a feature to attract attention.

Deep-sea tuna longline fishing in Taiwan have expanded in order to participate in the Sashimi (raw served fish) tuna market in Japan. Tuna caught by Taiwanese fishing boats have pronounced tendency in increasing after 1990s. The Number of tuna fishing vessels also has the similar tendency in increasing from only 597 vessels (lOOtons or more) in 2000 to 683 vessels in 2003. Especially vessels, which are 500 tons or more, have been increasing among whole tuna long line vessels. Positioning of the Japanese market from the viewpoint of Taiwan can be clarified from ratio of export to Japan among the total export quantity and value. According to statistics in 2003, about 60% of tuna, in the quantity base, were exported to Japan. This ratio has sustained since 1995. The ratio, in the value, is much higher than quantity base and it is accounted for 80%. Though still 80% of export value is brought from Japanese market, this dependency has slightly decreased since 1995.

This study shows trends of tuna price in Japanese market, where Taiwanese vessels export as main destination. Then this study clarities the current situation and future problems on deep-sea tuna longline fishing in Taiwan on the basis of data from Taiwanese statistics and hearing investigations at TTA (Taiwan Deep Sea Tuna Boat owners and Exporters Association) and "T" enterprise in Kaohsiung City where is a base of Tuna Fisheries. "T" enterprise is a middle size in possessing number of vessels as an enterprise and the largest number in deep-sea purse seine fishing vessels, therefore,"T" enterprise is a good example to analyze the current Taiwanese deep-sea tuna fishing.

The problems of tuna fisheries of Taiwan can be summarized as following three points from the viewpoint of Japan. The first point is increasing the catch associated with growing export to Japan. Recently, Taiwan has been exporting tuna to Japan exceeding to the limit by the negotiated agreement.

The second point is an issue of the FOC (Flag-Of-Convenience) fishing boats. Concretely speaking, expansion of the number of fishing operations, by transferring the ship registration to a non-contracting party of a regional fisheries treaty, is derived from an intention to escape from the fish resource management. The last point is lack of recognition on resource management, concretely speaking; excess catch is made by the deep-sea purse seine fishery. Large amount of catch by the purse seine fishery mainly targeting bonito is driven by building 2000 tons large-scale vessels, and it became to serious. It is worth to point out the issue, which purse seine fishing boats may be followed by the FOC operations.

The bluefin tuna cultivation had the characteristic of high-risk high-return. However, the price is in the downward trend with the characteristic of high risk left in recent years. In this paper, the difficulty and the correspondence that the cultivation management has are examined from the aspect of risk management.

The difficulty for which now, especially correspondence is necessary is a natural disaster and a price fluctuation. When the natural disaster is first described, it has the character like a pure risk and natural risk. Moreover, the amount of damage is very large. Therefore, the imputation by the insurance is preferable. However, it is not an object of the mutual aid now. In addition, the insurance premium of a private insurance company is large amount of money, and new acquisition of membership is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to correspond in management.

Next, the character and the correspondence of the price fluctuation are described. The price fluctuation is a speculative risk, and it is necessary to do the challenge by the overall policy. A lot of cultivation management has selected the trade with the discount house now. The purpose of it is to remove the risk of rapid decrease of the price. This is passive possession of the risk, and the retaining is valued a constant price and the shipment.

In the cultivation management, the following correspondences of two points are requested. First, minimize a pure risk to which an especially artificial character is related by a technical approach. The second is a polarity of achieving the maximization of the profit obtained according to the speculative risk.

This paper empirically surveys the modern fishery infrastructure of Tokyo by using fishery freight and its concerned freight to prove the economic development of Tokyo, which is fundamentally based on the theory of Kindleberger and Rosenstein-Rodan. In particular, it is needed to understand that Tokyo was the ‘Hub-and-Spoke’ (HS) metropolis and now it is also the main HS. With the support of geographical concentration concept, the big push theory addressed by Rosentein-Rodan can be proved with the aspect of fishery infrastructure whose theory is about “Indivisibility of Production Function and Demand”, and “the supply of savings”. The big push theory in this paper can be explained with the result of the VAR test of fishery infrastructure, which shows that the river infrastructure gives impact to the land infrastructure in the long-term. In particular in the regression test result, the freight of processed products has positive influence on the fishery freight, which means that those facts satisfy the fundamental theory of big push such as the indivisibility in the production function and the indivisibility of demand.

The competitive power of Iwate prefectural shell oyster depended on the brand loyalty brewed by relationship marketing and push strategy.

In order to attain this, at the oyster source, its best was done in sale by collaboration with the consumer place jobber and the wholesaler. Moreover, in order to raise the quality and the image of the shell oyster, the source was doing its best by the injection of labor, capital, and technology etc.

The brand image of this oyster extended to shelled oyster, and the price higher than other places of production has been realized.

And the stabilized price was caused by the brand loyalty, the price leaded the motivation of fishermen’s efforts, and the efforts leaded the brand loyalty, the result, the virtuous circle was born.

The purpose of this study is to consider the regional bases that have made it possible to keep producing mozuku, particularly the regional bases for the techniques about mozuku producing. The study area is the Village of Iheya, Okinawa Prefecture.

Since 1972, when Okinawa returned to Japanese sovereignty, the staff of the Fisheries Experiment Station of Okinawa Prefecture tried to promote the techniques of mozuku production all over Okinawa Prefecture.

There are three reasons that they could promote the techniques over the large area in such a short time: First, the staff of the Fisheries Experiment Station of Okinawa Prefecture promoted it eagerly. Secondly, the staff of the Fisheries Experiment Station of Okinawa Prefecture and the members of working groups for fisheries all over Okinawa Prefecture cooperated to develop new techniques for mozuku production. Thirdly, the fishermen at the advanced mozuku producing area taught the techniques of mozuku production to fishermen at the mozuku production development area directly.

We can find that the main mozuku producing area of Okinawa Prefecture is not the south of Okinawa Island, the fishing industrial area. We can find them in the north or the central of Okinawa Island and the distant islands area, for example, Iheya Village, historically an area of prosperous farming and small fisheries. The people of Iheya Village produced mozuku successfully for several reasons: To begin with, they could produce mozuku with the delicate farming techniques in Iheya Village. In addition to this, there were the people called ‘Itoman Gyomin’, highly skilled people at fishing and diving. They cooperated with the people of Iheya Village at mozuku producing smoothly. We must also acknowledge that the people of Iheya Village did not have a prejudice for ‘Itoman Gyomin’, who were considered to the temporary resident, because they had accepted various people generously, for example the emigrant from out of the area. The people of the village have experienced emigration frequently.

Now we can find characteristics of the people who live in a village at a distant island area of Okinawa Prefecture, like Iheya Village. They accept various people from outside of the village into their societies. So the farmers of the islands and ‘Itoman Gyomin’ have traded their techniques and skills with each other to produce mozuku cooperatively.

This paper is the one which refers about the problem of the environmental administration in Hondo City in future, reviewing of the law, the ordinance and the guidelines on the water quality protection measure. When seeing the present situation of the water pollution of Kumamoto Prefecture by the index of the organic-pollution of the COD, BOD, the achievement rate of the environmental quality standard of the COD is low and it finds that the COD measure is a problem. It is made by the environmental law, ordinance but the COD measure isn’t always enough. In Hondo City, the guidelines are enacting but it is difficult not to be with the enough one as the environmental law and to solve such an environmental problem. Therefore, the Hondo City guidelines should review to enact an ordinance. However, when establishing ordinance, there still is a problem. The powers of the nuisance relation ordinance isn’t still delegate to municipalities except for the part. In future, the prefectures as the policy in the municipalities can be respected and the mutual relation of the municipalities must be discussed.

Fiji Locally Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) network has developed recently to manage coastal resources in Fiji. The Fisheries Department of the government, the University of the South Pacific and NGOs lead their respective FLMMA sites. At one of the sites, Ucunivanua village, the stock of a bivalve “Kaikoso” has increased even outside of a MPA. The community has monitor the results of the management. At Sasa village gill-netting had been banned by chiefs in the district since 1990. Although the resources have been conserved for subsistence fishers, commercial hand-line and spear fishing boats could be increased to sustainable level. At Kiuva village Bech-de-mer fisheries are active and may need proper management soon. Flesh water aquaculture and sub-surface fish aggregating devices would work as the alternative income sources for the management. Resource ownership of coastal waters may return to the communities affecting future direction of FLMMA.

In 1997, the NAKHODKA oil spill accident gave a serious damage for environments, sightseeing, and fishery resources of 9 prefectures in the Sea of Japan side. From this lesson, authors arranged the fishery compensation, and examined the factor of the differences between compensation and claim. As the result, there is the difference between compensation and claim in the NAKHODKA oil spill accident, because of the definition of the term for restoration of fishery resources, the damage rate, decrease for the fishery catches. These differences were the gap of opinion of victim and assailant, and the reason was based on the data of the experiment in the laboratory and the marine surveyor respectively. This issue is strongly related to account for environmental value after the environmental damage. Further study is necessary for this issue, too.