An introduction is given on “COLS”, a dictionary of English ‘collocations’ which are commonly used in physical science, especially in plasma physics and in the field of fusion research. The dictionary is stored in the memory of the computer in the Computer Center of NIFS, and is easily accessible to any TSS user of the computer. Explanations are given on the main charateristics of the dictionary and the method of access to it.
The research field of “nonlinear wave-particle interactions” is too vast to be covered by a single review paper. Instead of giving a general review, roles of particle simulation for the study of nonlinear wave-particle interaction (WPI) in a plasma are stressed by a specific example in this paper. The example adopted was taken from a space plasma experiment, the essence of which does not differ from that in fusion plasma phenomena. The selected topic is nonlinear wave-wave-particle interactions caused by an intense monochromatic electromagnetic energy beam.
Recent experiments into the ULQ (ultra low q) regime of toroidal discharges found a significant level of resistance anomaly, which enhances the inductive power influx even in a higher electron temperature regime, and a part of the excess of the energy input goes directly into ions, resulting in anomalous ion heating. The relaxation process simultaneously affects the electron energy confinement because of pertubed magnetic fields. Simple zero-dimensional energy balance equations have been studied with modeling the resistance anomaly, direct ion heating and associated enhanced energy loss self-consistently. The ion heating mechanism is based on a viscous dissipation of fluctuations in the relaxation process. There is a possibility of applying a turbulent plasma to ion heating in start-up phase of a tokamak reactor.