Because of large capacity of hydrogen occlusion in graphite, both hydrogen recycling and tritium retention are key issues for future utilization of graphite. Below 500K, where hydrogen does not seem to diffuse in, saturated level of hydrogen in graphite exposed to plasma is as high as 0.4 in H/C ratio. Above 500K hydrogen behavior in graphite becomes very complex and no adequate model has established yet. In the present paper, current knowlege of hydrogen behavior in graphite has been summarized and some ideas for understanding hydrogen recycling and suggestions for future work are given.
The common and essential problems to be solved on the superconducting magnet design will be the stability and reliability including safety, fatigue, mechanical characteristics and so on. The present article will discuss those items common to almost all kinds of superconducting magnet, and their problems to be solved will be made clear.
A calcuration procedure to predict incompressible turbulent flows in arbitrary shapes is presented. The procedure is based on the solution of primitive variable formulation of the time dependent Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations in general curvilinear coordinates. A 3rd-order upwind differencing approximation method for the convective terms in governing equations is used. The 3rd-order method is based on the Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics (QUICK) algorithm. The k-ε E model of turbulence is used to describe the turbulent flow process with particular attention to the boundary conditions. The solutions for a time dependent square cavity flow at the Reynolds number of 105 are obtained.