Microwave transmission components and launching system for slow and fast waves near the lower hybrid resonance are reviewed. The design for both the conventional and multijunction grill couplers which launch the slow wave and the dipole antenna which excites the fast wave are discussed comparatively. The methods for designing the transmission components and also techniques for evaluating its performance are described.
Theoretical modelling on the plasma confinement is reviewed. The elementary process of the anomalous transport is described in terms of the plasma motion due to microscopic electric as well as magnetic fluctuations. The transport matrix is introduced and interrelations between various gradients and fluxes are described. A picture of the transport phenomena is presented for the scrape-off layer and divertor plasmas. A way to create new models is explained for the transition physics of improved confinement. Comparison of the modelling with experimental observations is also reviewed. Analyses on the stationary state and transient phenomena, and the relation between fluctuations and transport fluxes are examined. Future prospect is also discussed.
Introducing period ratio δ, the thermal efficiency of a periodical thermonuclear fusion reactor is studied. The moderate temperature of the coolant has no choice but to be low because of the small δ at present and the heat resistivity of materials. To overstep the ignited plasma criterion and to keep an adequate efficiency as a heat engine, the large power density is necessarily demanded. To reduce power density, continuous combustion (δ=1) is expected.