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Volume 19, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 2
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (141K) -
Yukuo Konishi, Masanori Kuriyama, Haruki Mikawa, Junko Suzuki1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 3-8
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of body positions during the neonatal period on subsequent functional and postural behaviors were examined in relatively low-risk pre-term infants and healthy full-term infants. Forty-four pre-term infants were laid in the supine position and 37 pre-term infants in a prone position throughout their admission periods. Fifty-three full-term infants were laid in the supine position during their neonatal life. Persisting asymmetrical head-turning was observed more often and continued longer in the pre-term infants lying in the supine position than in full-term infants. Asymmetrical head-turning was thought to relate with asymmetrical skulls, asymmetrical trunk postures, hand preference and asymmetrical gait patterns. The effects of asymmetrical head-turning on later postural and functional lateralities were stronger in the pre-term infants than in full-term infants. The prone position was thought to prevent asymmetrical postures and excessive functional lateralities.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Keijiro Abe, Nario Inoue, Hidetoshi Hirano, Katsuichi Irie, Tomoko Uch ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere have been many reports on basal ganglia calcification (BGC) on computed tomography (CT) in adults. If only a little has been known about BGC in childhood by CT examination.
We investigated the cases with BGC by screening all the CT films obtained for last 6 years (1979 April-1985 March) in the pediatric unit of our hospital. CT scanning was performed with Somatom SD and DR-II appratus and sections were obtained at an angle of 15° to the orbitometal line.
BGC was found in 13 out of total 1, 637 cases. Confirmed diagnosis of these cases was as follows; pseudohypoparathyroidism (4), idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (1), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (1), Cockayne's syndrome (1), brain tumor cases craniophariyngioma (1) and ectopic pinealoma (1), con-genital nephrotic syndrome (1), and unknown cases (3).
The average of ages was 7 years old. The male to female ratio was 1 to 2.5. The locations of calcification were classified into 3 types. Globus pallidus only 4 cases, globus pallidus and other areas 7 cases, and other than globus pallidus 2 cases.
In Cockayne's syndrome and craniopharyngioma, BGC was demonstrated also by plain roentogenogram. There were 3 cases whose BGC was recognized only at the 2 nd CT examination. No extrapyramidal sign was elicited except for the hand tremor found in the patient with Cockayne's syndrome. Convulsion was present in 8 patients. Abnormality in EEG was found in 9 out of the 11 patients subjected to the EEG examination.View full abstractDownload PDF (3480K) -
Toyoko Kanda, Hiroshi Fukase, Yuriko Yamori, Mariko Yuge1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 16-21
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of Vojta treatment can be evaluated only on the basis of early start and long-term continuation of training. The parents have hopes to know the future if their children need long treatment. So we attempted to predict the locomotor prognosis at 4 years of age from the first.
We studied 93 patients with cerebral palsy who had first visited the hospital between 1978 and 1982. The initial diagnosis was the risk for cerebral palsy or cerebral palsy. They have been fully trained more than 1 year. The ages when they visited the hospital first was between 1 month and 3 years 7 months. The following items were evaluated; the developmental levels of the prone posture and the locomotion at the first visit, types of cerebral palsy, CT findings and the degree of mental retardation. All the items were useful for predicting the locomotive function in the future with a statistical significance. The prediction by this method was found to be valid in 86.2% of the patients in this study.
We could support the parents in various aspects by the evaluation of this type; psychosocial counseling, guidance for family planning, instructions for nursing and education (kindergarden and school), and social welfare including financial supports.View full abstractDownload PDF (3155K) -
Yuri Miyanomae, Akira Yoshida, Naoki Nomoto, Hiroshi Yoshioka1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 22-28
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSomatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were analyzed in Down syndrome children in order to search for some characteristic developmental patterns with them.
Median nerve SEP was recorded in 48 Down syndrome infants and children aged from 1 month to 7 years. Recording electrodes were applied to the 3 rd cervical spine and to the contralateral scalp C3 or C4 (international 10-20 system) against the midfrontal reference. The amplifier band-pass was set between 10Hz to 1KHz, and 512 responses were averaged. Thirty-five Down syndrome infants and children aged from 1 month to 7 years received ABR recordings. Both SEP and ABR were examined by the DISA-1500 system. The records in these patients were compared with those obtained from age-matched normal control subjects.
In SEP, the central conduction time (N20-N13) and the ratio of N20 latency to the body height (N20/Ht) became longer in Down syndrome that in the control group after 1 year of age. These data may suggest maturation delay of the somatosensory pathway in Down syndrome. SEP was also useful to detect the spinal compression in patients with the atlantoaxial dislocation.
In ABR, I-III inter-peak latencies were significantly shorter in Down syndrome than in the control group after 2 years of age. This result probably suggested the small size of brainstem in Down syndrome. In addition, in many patients with Down syndrome it was difficult to seprate III, IV and V waves. This difficulty may imply the immaturation of brainstem in Down syndrome.View full abstractDownload PDF (862K) -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children with Neurological DisordersMasao Aihara, Mizue Iai, Akio Takeuchi, Kazuto Tamai, Yuzo Tanabe, Yos ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 29-36
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour children with neurological disorders were examined with a Picker Vista-MR imager using a 0.5 tesla (T) superconducting magnet operated at 0.256 T. We separated images into T1 and T2 weighted. Ti weighted images were obtained using inversion recovery (IR) sequences or spin echo (SE) sequences with short echo time (TE) and short repetition (TR) (TE: 40 msec, TR: 0.4 sec). T2 weighted images had long TE and TR (TE: 80 msec, TR: 2.0 sec).
In a 6-month-old girl with congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama type), there were bilateral symmetrical high signal intensities (T2 weighted image) and low signal intensities (T1 weighted images) in white matter. But IR coronal images showed symmetrical high signal intensities within the posterior limb of internal capsule, thalami and some part of corpus callosum.
In a 9-year-old girl with acute relapsing disseminated encephalomyelitis, lesions showed higher intensities than normal brain tissues on T2 weighted images. However, lesions could not be identified on T1 weighted images, because lesions had the same signal intensities as the surrounding tissues.
In two children with tuberous sclerosis, T2 weighted images disclosed numerous uncalcified nodules within the cortex and foramen Monro, although CT scan revealed no abnormalities in the same regions. On T1 weighted images, we could not recognize the lesions at the margins of the brain and CSF by partial volume effects.
MRI is a sensitive method for detecting the lesions in the central nervous system. We emphasized that T2 weighted images were useful for detection of lesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (14962K) -
Jun Kohyama, Imaharu Nakano, Kazuo Mori1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 37-41
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe described the involuntary movement [blepharoclonus (BC)] in five patients with severe physical and mental handicaps. BC was the clonic movement observed on bilateral eyelids as if blinking quickly and repeatedly; it was induced by protruding an examiner's hand suddenly in front of the patient's face, and lasted about one second or more, but neither by auditory, photic or painful stimuli nor by slow protrusion of the hand. BC became difficult to be elicited by repeating the above maneuver.
During BC, surface electromyogram revealed bilaterally synchronized regular clonic contractions (12-13 Hz) on the orbicularis oculi muscle, but showed no activity on the orbicularis oris. CT scanning of the brain revealed parietotemporal low density or atrophy in all patients, and gyral abnormality was suspected in three patients. Blink reflex demonstrated the delay in the latency of the late component in two patients, and that of the early one with marked laterality in one patient.
BC seemed to be one of the startle reflexes, but may not be a simple reflex. It was suggested that BC is elicited via higher cortical functions (such as recognition) followed by the activation of some lower neuronal circuits.View full abstractDownload PDF (2809K) -
Masashi Mizuguchi, Yasuhide Nakamura, Tetsu Nagano, Kimiko Tamagawa, K ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 42-49
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSleep of two lissencephalic children was studied. The sleep-waking cycle was recorded for a long period, and the all-day polysomnography was carried out twice on each case.
Case 1 was a 1-year-old boy of agyria, and case 2 was a 2-year-old boy of pachygyria. Clinically, both were severely retarded, hypotonic and suffering from seizures of infantile spasms. The sleep-waking cycle of case 1 showed alternating periods of free-running and chaotic rhythms. The cycle of case 2 showed a typical free-running rhythm. The all-day polysomnography in both cases disclosed that the REM time decreased as the frequency of seizures increased. These seizures showed a periodicity closely related to the REM cycle.
Various characteristics of the REM sleep in adults were recognized also in our cases. Every physiological parameter including EEG, eye movements, chin EMG, body movements and respiration, fluctuated in a rhythmic and mutually synchronized manner, although each showed abnormality commonly encountered in cases of infantile spasms.
The clocks of circadian and ultradian rhythms were preserved in the lissencephalic brains which were morphologically similar to those of normal fetuses in the fourth month of gestation. However, these clocks synchronized poorly with their environments. The most conspicuous disturbance of the sleep in lissencephaly was the lack of entrainment.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
without Paroxysmal Discharges on the Initial EEGMichi Kajiyama, Taketoshi Hayakawa, Mitsuko Igei, Junji Kusumoto, Kazu ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 50-57
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is often difficult to formulate a therapeutic principle for convulsive disorders in infancy, because etiologies, clinical features and prognoses are very complex.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of 123 patients who presented afebrile convulsions in infancy, but did not exhibit paroxysmal discharges on the initial EEG recordings. Among them, 68 patients followed up for more than four years were divided into the well-controlled (53 cases) and poorly-controlled (15 cases) groups, whereas outcomes of 55 other patients were not assessed because of shorttime observation.
There were no differences in the mean or range of age of onset and between both sexes among three groups. An incidence of positive family history of convulsions was high in each group. 4 patients (8%) in the well-controlled group had a family history of benign infantile convulsion being the same disorder with those of the probands. The incidence of psychomotor retardation was the highest in the poorly-controlled group.
As to the triggering factors of convulsions, diarrhea was observed in 3 (6%) of the well-controlled and 12 (22%) of the unkown prognosis group, but none in the poorly-controlled group. Types of convulsions were mostly either generalized tonic-clonic or tonic seizure of less than 3 minutes duration. In the well-controlled group, seizures tended to recur in clusters within a day. Many cases in the poorly-controlled group showed abnormalities of the basic activity in the initial EEG.
A follow up observation showed that in the well-controlled group clinical seizures disappeared usually before 3 years of age, while in the poorly-controlled group many cases showed focal spike-waves and transformed their seizure types during the course.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K) -
Miwa Yamatani, Miyako Murakami, Masako Konda, Toru Konishi, Yoshifumi ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 58-62
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn 8-year-old girl with seizure related to micturition was reported. Her right arm dropped following urination and a clonic convulsion occurred in her right leg. Anticonvulsant therapy was started under the diagnosis of the partial seizure. No seizure could be observed during the medication of an adequate dose of carbamazepine. However, seizure appeared again after the drug was reduced. The ictal EEG revealed irregular poly-spikes and waves. During seizure, consciousness was almost retained or only slightly disturbed. No postural hypotension was observed.
The clinical manifestation of our case was not consistent with that of the micturition syncope defined by Proudfit and Forteza with respect to the type of seizure, the responsiveness to anticonvulsant therapy and the ictal EEG findings. It was concluded that our case had micturition-induced epilepsy.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Kiyotaka Murakami, Takeo Sugimoto, Man Woo, Naoki Nishida, Yohonosuke ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 63-67
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe patient was born prematurely at 29 weeks of gestation and weighed 1, 450g. Guthrie test and serum amino acid analysis in the newborn period were normal. At 6 months of age he was diagnosed as having cerebral palsy and since then had undergone physical therapy. When he was 7 months of age he started to have watery diarrhea, fever and vomiting and he gradually became drowsy in the evening of the day when he was referred to us for further evaluation. In spite of an extensive supportive care he died about 24 hours after admission. The diagnosis was clinical Reye syndrome. However, pathological findings in liver showed the localized microvesicular steatosis and infiltlation of mononuclear cells. On analysis of serum amino acids phenylalanine was markedly increased, Enzymological investigations of the liver failed to show any deficiency of enzymes which are known to be involved in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway. Encephalopathy associated with elevated phenylalanine has not yet been reported. To clarify the etiology of such disorder, analysis of serum amino acids and enzymological examination of the liver should be done for the case of acute encephalopathy with elevation of phenylalanine.View full abstractDownload PDF (3082K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 68-69
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 70-72
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 72-73
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese]1987 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 74-78
Published: January 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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