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Volume 28, Issue 6
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 474
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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Takahito Yazaki, Chun Xi Han, Keiichi Uemura1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 475-483
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCell adhesion proteins play important roles in cell-cell interactions, which regulate development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. In the nervous system, there exist unique groups of cell adhesion proteins, that are essential for elaborate neural network formation. Accumulated evidences indicate these proteins express and function at spatially and temporally defined stages of development and regeneration of the nervous system. Recent studies revealed that some mutations of cell adhesion proteins cause various neurological diseases. In this article, we review recent progress and perspectives of studies on proteins of immunoglobulin superfamily in the nervous system, focusing on their structure, physiological roles and involvement in neurological diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (4034K) -
Satoshi Araki, Takio Toyoura, Jun Kohyama, Masayuki Shimohira, Yoshihi ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 484-489
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism during the early development on the functional brainstem maturation, polysomnograms were recorded on 7 patients with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening before treatment. The following two sleep indices for phasicmuscle activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were evaluated dissociation index (DI) and % body movements in REMs burst (%BM). The DI is defined as the ratio of the number of twitch movements (TMs) during REM sleep to the sum of TMs and localized movements (LMs) during REM sleep. The %BM is the percentage of TMs and LMs which occur during bursts of REMs in relation to the sum of TMs and LMs during REM sleep. The DI and %BM can reflect maturation of the tonic and phasic inhibitory system functioning during REM sleep, respectively. In congenital hypothyroidism, DI was lower than that in controls, while %BM was identical. The tonic inhibitory system was specifically involved, whereas the phasic one was preserved. It is suggested that thyroid hormone could play an important role on the functional brainstem maturation. We propose to investigView full abstractDownload PDF (4680K) -
Keiko Kobayashi, Toru Watanabe, Masahisa Sato1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 490-494
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reviewed factors affecting the efficacy of pentobarbital (PTB) therapy for status convulsivusrefractory to diazepam, phenytoin and other. The subjects were fourteen children (six boys and eight girls aged from 4 months to 11 years old) with status convulsivus admitted to Niigata City General Hospital, from April 1986 to August 1992. Nine children had status convulsivus secondary to encephalitis or encephalopathy. The other five had status convulsivus associated with epilepsy. The effectiveness of the PTB therapy was defined as follows: 1) Excellent, seizures ceased without recurrence. 2) Effective, seizures ceased but recurred with a decreased dose of PTB. 3) Ineffective, seizures continued so other drugs were necessary, or the patient died. We divided the patients into two groups, encephalitis and encephalopathy, and epilepsy. We estimated the efficacy of PTB in each group.
In the encephalitis and encephalopathy group, the effectiveness of PTB was excellent in 2, effectiv P in 2, and ineffective in 3. In the excellent cases there was a tendency that the duration of status convulsivus before the PTB therapy was shorter and the loading dose of PTB was greater.
In the epilepsy group, in four cases PTB was effective, and in one ineffective, thus the effectiveness of PTB was relatively good. There was no factor that directly affected the efficacy of PTB therapy, but patients who required a rapid rate of infusion of PTB needed PTB therapy for a longer time.
These findings indicate that PTB therapy should be started as soon as possible in cases of refractory status convulsivus due to encephalitis or encephalopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
Etsuo Naito, Michinori Ito, Ichiro Yokota, Takahiko Saijo, Junko Matsu ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 495-500
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLymphoblastoid cells are useful materials for the diagnosis and basic studies of many human genetic disorders. To elucidate the etiology of Leigh syndrome, biochemical analyses and mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed on cultured lymphoblastoid cells from 20 patients with the clinical characteristics of this disorder.
In 9 of 20 cases, we were able to define the following defects. Eight patients had biochemical defects, including 3 with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), 3 with cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and 2 with NADH-cytochrome c reductase (complex I) deficiencies. Two of 3 patients with PDHC deficiency were diagnosed with thiamine-responsive PDHC deficiency. One patient had a point mutation (T→G) of mitochondrial DNA at nucleotide position 8993.
These results indicate that the underlying defects in Leigh syndrome are heterogeneous and cultured lymphoblastoid cells are very useful materials for diagnosis of the etiology of Leigh syndromeView full abstractDownload PDF (1944K) -
Ayame Kobayashi, Masatoshi Ito, Hideyuki Shiraishi, Kazuko Kishi, Hito ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 501-507
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) was used for quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) on 26 individuals between 0 and 19 years of age. The rCBF showed age-related changes ; it was low in early infancy, increased in late infancy through early childhood, and decreased and remained constant after puberty. The rCBF through cerebral cortex varied more greatly than through thalamus and cerebellum, and seemed to depend more closely on age. In the case of 4 months of age rCBF was very low at the frontal region and was very high at the occipital region. In more older cases, rCBF in the cerebral cortex was higher than in the thalamus. In childhood, rCBF was very inconsistent and showed a great inter-individual variance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2571K) -
Kiyomi Miyagi, Yasuo Ochiai, Yukikatsu Nakada, Kyomi Hirayasu, Etsuko ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 508-513
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied sixty-three children of severe motor and intellectual disabilities syndrome aged between 3 and 5 years, who live in Okinawa. Severe motor and intellectual disabilities syndrome were defined as those who belong to classes 1-4 of Ohshima's classification (incapable of walking with IQs not more than 35). The prevalence rate was about 1.12/1, 000 live births. Forty-four% of the total children belonged to class 1 of Ohshima's classification (bedridden and IQs less than 20). The factors were: congenital 31.7%, perinatal 38.1%, postnatal 14.3%, and unknown 15.9%. The perinatal factor was still relatively high as compared with the others.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Osamu Fujino, Kiyoshi Hashimoto, Hisashi Enokido, Hideki Komatsuzaki, ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 515-519
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDizziness in childhood is not an infrequent symptom, but epileptic vertigo is a rare condition in children. Here we report an 8-year-old Japanese boy with epileptic vertiginous seizures. At age 8 years, he visited Nippon Medical School Hospital because of a ten day history of dizziness. The dizziness occurred more than twenty times a day and he was hospitalized. On physical examination, the patient appeared normal andthere were no abnormal neurological findings, including eye movement and cerebellar signs. Ophthalmoscopy, otoscopy, vestibular function test and hearing test were normal. Computerized tomography scanning and MR imagingo f the head revealedn o significanta bnormality. The dizzinesso bservedo n admissionc omprised sudden brief attacks of rotatory sensation without amnesia regarding the event. Sometimes the attacks were accompanied by tremor like movement and numbness of the right hand, followed by postictal unsteadiness. Interictal EEG revealed spike-and- wave complexes in the central region dominantly in the light sleep stage. On ictal EEG, seizure discharges were observed to begin in the left central region and they increased in amplitude and subsequently propagated to the frontal and occipital regions.
These findings were most suggestive of partial seizures. The patient was treated with carbamazepine and the seizures became well under controlView full abstractDownload PDF (689K) -
Takuya Tanabe, Takahiro Morimoto, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Atsushi Yoden, Ke ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 520-524
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe described a 4-month-old boy with cerebral infarction due to streptococcal meningitis. He complained of cough and high fever for 2 days. On the next day he admitted to our hospital because of bad humor, drowsiness, and vomiting associated with high fever, respiratory failure and loss of consciousness. On admission, he had opisthotonic posturing, anisocoria and elevated deep tendon reflexes with left side dominance. The cerebrospinal fluid showed increased cells (564/ mm3), protein (295 mg/ dl), and decreased sugar (1 mg/dl). Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite intensive treatment by antibiotics, glycerol, and dexamethasone, general condition was worsened. MRI showed a high intense area along the territory of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and left middle cerebral artery. 3-D time-offlight MRA revealed a decreased signal of these arteries, confirming cerebral infarction. Recanalization of the arteries were observed 17 days after the first MRA examination. Since complicationof cerebral infarction influences the prognosis of meningitis, repetitive MRA is very beneficial in patients with bacterial meningitis in order to evaluate the vascular lesion.View full abstractDownload PDF (6960K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 525-527
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 529
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (180K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 531
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (144K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 532
Published: November 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (135K)
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