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Volume 36, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 276
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (135K) -
Shozo Tobimatsu2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 277-283
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent findings on the development of visual function in children are summarized. First, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in normal school children, following two types of visual stimuli (pattern reversal and light emitting diode stimulation) by transient and steady-state stimulation, are presented. Reproducible VEPs with the 4 stimulation conditions can be obtained. Transient and steady-state methods provide complementary results. Second, mechanisms for photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) are discussed. We recorded flicker VEPs to different color combinations and quantified the effects of changes in color and luminance combinations. Two amplitude peaks (9 and 18 Hz) were observed for all kinds of isoluminant color combination stimuli against temporal frequency. In addition, this characteristic was modulated by luminance. Normal children showed much higher sensitivity to contrast changes and color combination compared with normal young adults, which may be responsible for PSE in childhood. Third, cognitive function for facial expression of normal children and adults is mentioned. For Chernoff's faces showing anger and sadness produced by computer, children showed higher scores compared with adults, suggesting higher sensitivity for facial expression. Knowledge of developmental changes in children allows us to understand the maturational and degenerative changes of the central nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
Toshio Saito, Masahisa Funato2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 284-288
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe performed a questionnaire study on psychological problems in home medical care, including mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and parenteral nutrition, for children with chronic illnesses in Osaka prefecture, Japan. One hundred two pediatricians (46%) answered the questionnaire. The majority of the doctors regarded psychological support for the children and their families as an important issue. In some cases, home medical care was interrupted because of psychological problems such as psychological burden, anxiety and stress of the children and/or their families. And some other cases, home medical care was impossible because of parental refusal to treatment and/or their child. The cases with mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy mainly accounted for these cases. Since the number of cases undergoing home medical care is estimated to increase in the future, medical staff should be more aware of psychological support for the families as well as their children.View full abstractDownload PDF (660K) -
Yoshihiro Toda, Kenji Mori, Toshiaki Hashimoto, Masahito Miyazaki, Yas ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 289-295
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe administered secretin intravenously to 14 patients with autism (9 to 14 years, 10 males; 4 females), and evaluated its clinical effect. We also measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA) before and after 4 weeks treatment, and compared them with the grade of improvement of the clinical symptoms assessed by the scores of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). After injection of secretin, the ADI-R score increased in 8 patients, but declined in 3. Improvement was observed in functions such as sociability (interpersonal relationships), communication and speech improved, whereas in the others, symptoms such as hyperkinesias and stereotyped behavior became worse. The CSF levels of HVA was significantly increased in all of the patients showing an improvement in the ADI-R score. 5HIAA levels also tended to increase, although this increase was not significant. These findings suggest that secretin promotes the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system, which may contribute to improvement in clinical symptoms of autism.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
Related Potentials in Patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity DisordersSeiko Shirane, Masumi Inagaki, Yoshimi Sata, Makiko Kaga2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 296-303
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate visual perception, the P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) for visual oddball tasks were recorded in 11 patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (AD/HD), 12 with mental retardation (MR) and 14 age-matched healthy controls. With the aim of revealing trial-to-trial variabilities which are neglected by investigating averaged ERPs, single sweep P300s (ss-P300s) were assessed in addition to averaged P300. There were no significant differences of averaged P300 latency and amplitude between controls and AD/HD patients. AD/HD patients showed an increased variability in the amplitude of ss-P300s, while MR patient showed an increased variability in latency. These findings suggest that in AD/HD patients general attention is impaired to a larger extent than selective attention and visual perception.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
Yuji Mizuno, Miki Takamatsu, Kouko Hikino2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 304-310
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAtelectasis is a common respiratory complication in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. We encountered 3 patients with irreversible atelectasis due to delayed therapy, emphasizing the necessity of performing flexible bronchofiberscopy. A total of 21 patients with atelectasis were studied to assess the etiology and efficacy of bronchofiberscopy. The underlying condition was bronchitis/pneumonia in 19 cases, tracheal hemorrhage in 1, and lung cancer in 1. Most of the patients had predisposing factors, such as a bedridden status in 90% and a weak or absent cough reflex in 81%. It was statistically suggested that atelectasis is likely to occur on the side contralateral to thoracic scoliosis. Among the 18 patients who underwent bronchofiberscopy within 2 weeks after the diagnosis of atelectasis, 16 (89%) showed recanalization and resultant improvement of respiratory failure. Bronchofiberscopy is useful for treating atelectasis in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (5539K) -
Seiko Shirane, Masumi Inagaki, Toshihiro Horiguchi, Masako Nakamura, K ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 311-317
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen Japanese boys with childhood-onset adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) were evaluated with dichotic listening test (DLT). Six cases showed abnormal findings especially of laterality index (L. I.) calculated from the score of each ear. Some of them showed no abnormal findings with other auditory examinations containing auditory brainstem responses (ABR). One patient showed abnormal L.I. of DLT at an early stage. The abnormality of laterality index was similar to the so-called “strong left-ear suppression” in patients who underwent callosotomy. Although all of these six patients had a high signal lesion at the splenium of the corpus callosum in a T2-weighted MRI sequence, it was difficult to evaluate the width of demyelinated area. DLT could detect the early damage of connecting fibers mediating inter-hemispheric transfer of auditory information, and might be a useful method for evaluating the cerebral function of auditory processing in patients with childhood ALD.View full abstractDownload PDF (2946K) -
Takuya Tanabe, Yutaka Awaya, Toyojiro Matsuishi, Toshisaburo Nagai, Ka ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 318-323
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study group for establishment of a proposed immunization program for neurologically high risk children (Chief, Kihei Maekawa) sponsored by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan is preparing a proposal for patients with epilepsy. Severe myoclonic eplepsy in infancy (SMEI) is an intractable epilepsy which often presents with status epilepticus and triggered by hyperthermia and viral infections. In this study we investigated the history of vaccination in children with SMEI to compare the risk of vaccination with that of natural contraction of infection. Fifty-eight patients with SMEI, aged from 2 to 25 years, were enrolled in this study. A total of 359 vaccines were given to these subjects. The vaccination rates were high for BCG (71%) and polio (1st; 71%, 2nd; 53%), and then fell gradually after the onset of SMEI (DPT-lst; 48%, DPT-2nd; 45%, DPT-3rd; 38%, DPT-4th; 24%, mumps; 21%, varicella; 19%, rubella 31%). However, the measles vaccine was given at a relatively high rate (55%) before the age of three. When patients suffered from measles, rubella, mumps or influenza, they had a high risk of severe neurological complications, such as convulsive status, disturbance of consciousness and encephalopathy. These complications were documented in 63% of all episodes of naturally contracted infections. This rate was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that associated with vaccination (7.2%). However, hyperthermia and convulsion developed more frequently (p 0.012) after measles vaccine was given, as compared to other vaccines. Thus, administration of these vaccines to patients with SMEI in conjunction with other preventive measures against seizure induced by hyperthermia, may meet the needs of their parents.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
Hiromichi Ito, Kenji Mori, Michinori Ito, Etsuo Naito, Ichiro Yokota, ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 324-329
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 1-year-old boy with methylmalonic acidemia had symmetrical lesions of the bilateral basal ganglia, which suggested Leigh encephalopathy. The findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and his physical condition greatly improved by the intravenous administration of vitamin B 1. We hypothesizedthat in this case, clinical Leigh encephalopathy was caused by a impairment of the activity of pyruvate carboxylase induced by the accumulation of methylmalonyl CoA and an impairment of energy production due to a lack of vitamin B 1, especially impairment of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex during an acute worsening of methylmalonic acidemia. Thus, in the treatment of methylmalonic acidemia, attention should be paid to vitamin B 1 deficiency. During an acute worsening, vitamin B 1 should be administered by intravenous drip injection.View full abstractDownload PDF (2856K) -
Noboru Takizawa, Seizo Kyotani2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 330-333
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported a girl showing paroxysmal downgaze as the only manifestation of neurological abnormality. The movement was first noted at the age of 75 postnatal days, increased in frequency gradually to 10 weeks, and decreasing gradually, and disappeared at 35 weeks. The eye movements comprised first rapid downward and floating and rapid upward to primary position. The phenomenon was only provoked by looking at her own finger in front of her at a distance of 5 cm, and looked like a overshoot of vertical saccade. The suppression of the saccade neurons in the superior colliculus by inhibitory systems from the frontal association cortex through the direct pathway of the basal ganglia was also immature in the baby.View full abstractDownload PDF (2431K) -
Arito Yozu, Kiyotaka Suwa, Masato Mori, Takanori Yamagata, Masashi Miz ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 334-338
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGradenigo syndrome is a rare condition consisting of otitis media, trigeminal neuralgia and abducens palsy. We report here a 6-year-old girl with this syndrome. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated inflammatory lesions in the left petrous apex and cavernous sinus, as well as stenosis of the left carotid artery. She was conservatively treated with antibiotics, which successfully improved her clinical and MRI findings. Surgical treatment including mastoidectomy was avoided. This case illustrates the usefulness of MRI in the diagnosis and management of Gradenigo syndrome.View full abstractDownload PDF (7800K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 339-341
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 342-343
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese]2004 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 350-351
Published: July 01, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (246K)
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