All issues
Volume 25, Issue 2
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 106
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (146K) -
Motomizu Ariizumi1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 107-113
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe affinity of IgG to the central nervous system has been demonstrated by several authorities. The present study revealed the physiological localization of immunoglobulins. Developing human brains were obtained from autopsies, and the regional localization of IgG, IgA and IgM was examined as a function of age. Thirteen brains from children, aged 3 months to 13 years, were evaluated for IgG localization. Four other cases, aged 3 to 7 months, were stained for IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM. Positive IgG staining was observed in neurons and glial cells of the cerebrum and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in 5 cases, aged 3 to 7 months. It was decreased in 4 cases aged 1 year (3/4 in the nerve cells of the hippocampus and Purkinje cells, 2/4 in those of the amygdala and parietal cortex, and 1/4 in other regions). IgG was absent except in the Purkinje cells of four cases, aged 3 to 13 years. Every IgG subclass and IgA existed in neurons and glial cells of the cerebrum and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in all cases. IgM staining, however, was negative in the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex although it was positive in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. These findings suggest that the immunoglobulins possibly passed through the premature blood-brain barrier in infants, were taken up by the nerve and glial cells in the cerebral cortex and other deep structuresof the central nervous system, and may exert some effects on the develping process of the brain.View full abstractDownload PDF (6777K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 114-121
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has continuously been growing information on bidirectional communication between the neuronal and immune systems, while increasing evidence suggests that neuromodulators released from the neuronal systems influence cells of the immune system. On the other hand, activated cells of the immune system release an array of immunomodulators that influence the physiologic function of the nervous system. The evidence suggests that the nervous and immune systems are integrated, interdependent homeostatic system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
Chikaya Ohtsuka, Toshiaki Abe1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 122-123
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe analytical methods of nucleic acids are excellent tools to find virus antigens in various tissues, such as CSF, blood and brain ; polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and hybridization techniques. Antigens can be isolated from cellular and/or supernatant fractions of the CSF of patients with common viral infections. The latter means the possible infection of virus in the nervous system, however, the former depends on the species of isolated cells. If the infected cells are the brain cells and/or endothelial cells of the ventricular system, viral infection in the nervous system is inferred. On the contrary, if they are blood cells, macrophages or monocytes, further studies of EGG, cytokine assay and other clinical and laboratory tests are necessary for the diagnosis of the nervous system infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (282K) -
Tsuneo Morishima1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 124-127
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHerpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity. As effective antiviral therapy improves the outcome of younger patients, the early diagnosis of the disease has become important, especially in children. The annual incidence of HSE in Japan among children is estimated to be about 100-200 cases, and the mortality is 10-20%. Instead of brain biopsy, we applied the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) assay to the early diagnosis. The DNA of herpes simplex virus was detectable in CSF of all HSE patients in the acute phase. Serial quantitation of viral genome by PCR also revealed that the amount of DNA decreased gradually corresponding to antiviral therapy, and it turned to be negative 3 to 18 days after the onset of neurological signs and symptoms (mean 10.1 days). These results show the PCR assay is a useful diagnostic tool for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of HSE.View full abstractDownload PDF (2477K) -
Hiroaki Shiihara1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 128-134
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSixty cases with varicella-associated neurological disorders from Japanese literature during recent 11 years were analyzed and compared with previous reports. Chief diseases were encephalitis (encephalopathy) (23.3 %), cerebellar ataxia (21.7%), meningitis (18.3%), cerebral infarction (13.3 %) and facial palsy (8.3%). Cerebellar ataxia, meningitis and cerebral infarction were found in young children under 9 years, and other disorders were seen also in older children and adults. Some cases had neurological symptoms before the appearance of skin rash. The number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid was increased in meningitis, encephalitis and myelitis. Though neurological complications due to varicella were rare, prognosis was not necessarily good, including several cases with death or severe sequelae. In our 4 cases of herpes zoster meningitis, marked intrathecal VZV-specific antibody production was found and they showed high antibody index. Oligoclonal band was found in one case. The pathogenesis of neurological complications of VZV infection was considered to be caused by direct viral invasion in herpes zoster and at least in some cases of varicella. Therapy with antiviral agents is necessary and vaccination is recommended for prevention.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes in Cerebrospinal Fluids by Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique-Hiroyuki Tsutsumi1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 135-140
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForty-two patients were admitted to our pediatric clinic as having infectious mononucleosis (IM) or other clinical forms due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and 8 (19%) of these patients had central nervous system disorders. In this present report, 4 IM patients and 1 case of reactivated EBV infection with neurologic involvement were studied. All 5 patients had positive CSF for EBV genomic sequences and also EBV-specific antibodies. The presence of EBV genomes in CSF in the neurologic stage, followed by a disappearance during convalescence, supports the notion that EBV plays a direct role in central nervous system complications in primary and reactivated EBV infections. Neurologic complications may also be linked to some extent to an immunopathological reaction between specific antibodies and EBV in the central nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (3048K) -
Mikio Hiraiwa1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 141-145
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was discovered in 1950's, the clinical pictures of CMV infection have been emphasized. During recent 30 years, the diagnosis and therapy of CMV infection have significantly progressed. Especially the diagnostic techniques developed from serum titers (complemental fixation) to PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Concerning the relation between CMV and neurological disorders of childhood, congenital CMV infection, classically called as cytomegalic inclusion disease, is still one of the most serious and important disorders, because the effective treatment and prophylactic method is not established. Most of symptomatic babies with congenital CMV infection disclose severe developmental handicap from infancy or expire during the neonatal period. In Japan, it is thought that 300-500 babies are born with symptoms of congenital CMV infection, annually. Infantile spasms (IS) is known as an intractable epilepsy with onset during infancy and its pathogenesis has been discussed for the relationship to CMV. Recently, Mashima (1992) discovered CMV- DNA from cerebrospinal fluid specimen of an IS baby, using PCR. This evidence strongly suggest the invasion of CMV to the central nervous system of the IS baby. In IS, adding to the pathogenetic problems, the ACTH therapy is frequently applied and it is known to accelerate the potential of CMV infection. Then, when treating IS babies having CMV infection, a closed observation and/or antiviral treatment shall be considered. In other epileptic disorders, Powers (1992) reported that CMV-DNA was discovered from 7 of 10 patients with Rasmussen syndrome. It is expected the role of CMV in various neurological disorders will be clarified, using newly developing techniques.View full abstractDownload PDF (3173K) -
Koichi Yamanishi1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 146-150
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was first isolated in 1986, and it was proposed that this virus causes exanthem subitum (ES) by the following evidence ; HHV-6 can be isolated from ES patients at high frequency, and the antibody titer to HHV-6 in patients increased significantly during the convalescent phase of ES. This virus transmits horizontally mainly from mother to child during infancy. HHV-6 DNA can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ES patients having neurological symptoms, and also in CSF of patients with frequent febrile convulsions after ES, suggesting high affinity to nervous system. Furthermore, HHV-6 infects latently in macrophage-like cells after the primary infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Kenichiro Kaneko, Chikako Kanazawa, Shigeaki Inoue1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 151-155
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNon-polio enteroviruses are currently the most common agents of the central nervous system viral infection, and are the major causes especially in patients with aseptic meningitis. The practical problems with enterovirus meningitis revealed from the investigation of our patients are as follows. (1) The triad of symptoms of meningitis (fever, headache, vomiting) were seen only in 50% of the older children affected. The only manifestation of neonates with aseptic meningitis was fever. (2) In more than half of the patients, the cere-brospinal fluid showed polymorphonuclear predominance within 3 days from the onset. (3) The causal viruses were isolated frequently (70%) from the cerebrospinal fluid of the children with aseptic meningitis. (4) The patients more than 1 year of age had no sequela clinically. Among neonates and early infants, transient abnormalities of brain CT findings were seen in 40% and delayed speech in 30%. Their prognosis should be investigated more precisely.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Hiroshi Ushijima, Atsushi Shibuya1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 156-162
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Japanese child case of subacute progressive encephalopathy was presented.
Not only the pathological findings of HIV growth in microglias, astrocytes and macrophages in the central nervous system, but also the pathobiological findings of neuronal apoptosis were shown as etiologies of HIV encephalopathy. Epidemiology, diagnosis, prophylaxis, fetomaternal transmission and embryopathy were discussed briefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (3870K) -
Shigetaka Imamura, Taeko Sakai1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 163-168
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of early-onset acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was presented with her brain imaging. Two weeks after a nonspecific upper respiratory infection, a 14-month-old girl developed spastic paraplegia, difficulty in using left upper extremity and mental deterioration with aphasia. Steroid improved her clinical symptoms. However, 9 weeks later, when steroid was almost withdrawn, relapse with meningeal signs appeared. Reinstitution of steroid was started and 8 weeks later when meningeal signs disappeared, rehabilitation by physical therapist was started. Eighteen months later she recovered into normal intelligence and slight gait difficulty walking with left lower extremity weakness. CT showed extensive symmetric low density lesions in bilateral cerebral white matters and they almost resolved 8 months later. MRI showed extensive symmetric high signal lesions in bilateral cerebral white matters which were demonstrable in the sagittal image. Abnormalities in MRI were much improved 4 months later when she began to speak several words again.View full abstractDownload PDF (5403K) -
Megumu Tojo, Hatsumi Nitta, Toshiharu Matsui, Toku Nakano, Wataru Wata ...1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 169-174
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported a case of 4-year-old boy with multiple vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin Bi deficiency. He had megaduodenum associated with membranous stenosis on upper jejunum. He showed recurrent vomiting at his infantile period, and recently intermittent neurological symptoms. When he was admitted to our hospital, he could not walk and showed masked face, absent deep tendon reflexes, horizontal and verticalnystagmus, proximally dominant muscle weakness and multiple vitamin deficiencies. Oral administration of small doses of vitamin Bi (20 mg/day) could make remarkable clinical improvements. At three weeks after the treatment he could walk and run. Before the admission he had febrile convulsions and showed transiently striatal low density on CT image. We concluded that his neurological symptoms were due to vitamin Bi deficiency associated with megaduodenum. When a patient with intestinal anomaly shows neurological symptoms, we should think of vitamin deficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (4953K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 175-178
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 178-180
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 180-183
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 183-185
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 186-187
Published: March 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (226K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|