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Online ISSN : 1884-7668
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Volume 42, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • Clinical Application of the Modified Stroop Test to Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    Toshimi Hirasawa, Satoshi Sanada, Masafumi Yanagihara, Kaoru Miyake, Y ...
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 421-426
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.421
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      The Stroop test has been already applied to many children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). There are, however, differences in the measurement of the Stroop test, and also in the background conditions of the patients, such as the status of comorbidity with learning disorder (LD), medication and the level of Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and presumably as a result, the outcome of the Stroop test shows a diversity. This study was undertaken to compare the performances of children with AD/HD to normal controls using the modified Stroop test according to the subtypes of AD/HD. Subjects in this study were 23 unmedicated children with AD/HD, ranging from 6 to 14 years of age, and 69 normal controls who were matched on sex and age. Children with AD/HD whose verbal IQ and performance IQ were above 80 showed significant differences in such indices as Incongruent Color Naming time (ICN) and the resulting index of subtracting Color Naming time (CN) from ICN (ICN－CN). As to the analysis according to the subtypes excluding 8 cases with comorbid LD, both the predominantly inattentive type and the group putting together the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type and the combined type showed significant differences in ICN－CN compared with the normal controls. These results suggest that the inattentiveness relevant factor affects the performance of the interference task in children with AD/HD.
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  • Epidemiology of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in Okinawa, Japan (1977-2005)
    Kyomi Hirayasu, Satoshi Oshiro, Yukikatsu Nakada
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 427-431
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.427
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      The epidemiology of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) has changed since the introduction of measles immunization in 1970's. We studied the incidence of SSPE in Okinawa. There were 22 cases (16 males and 6 females) of SSPE from 1977 to 2005 in Okinawa. The incidence was 0.63 per million population per year from 1977 to 1986, 0 from 1987 to 1993, 1.17 from 1994 to 1999 and 0.75 from 2000 to 2005. Twenty-one SSPE patients had a history of non-immunized measles and 19 of them (90%) had measles infection under 2 years of age. There were measles epidemic every 2-5 years in Okinawa. Ten of 21 cases contracted measles in 1990-1991. The percentage of patients with measles infection under 2 years of age during measles epidemics ranged from 46% to 56%. Early measles infection (under 2 years of age) is a risk factor for SSPE. Routine measles immunization to prevent measles infection is very important for the prevention of SSPE.
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  • Clinical Re-evaluation of Pediatric Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System: a Study Based on the New Classification Criteria Proposed by the International Pediatric MS Study Group
    Reiko Koichihara, Shin-ichiro Hamano
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 432-436
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.432
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      A retrospective analysis of the clinical and MRI features in 20 Japanese children diagnosed with central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disorders was performed. Using the new criteria proposed by International Pediatric MS Study Group, half of children were reclassified into clinical isolated demyelinating syndrome (CIS). Presence of seizures and a pattern of diffuse bilateral lesions on brain MRIs are more frequent in children with ADEM than in CIS. However we suggest these features and encephalopathy may be associated with the age of patients. Furthermore, though persistence of abnormal MRI lesions is significantly more likely in the group of CIS, none of these patients had a subsequent recurrence or developed MS during the follow-up period. The prediction of patient prognosis seems to be difficult even based on the new criteria, and the nationwide multicenter analysis may be necessary in Japan for acquiring the definite conclusion.
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  • Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Hiragana Reading Ability in Children with Difficulties in Reading and Writing: Usefulness of a Clinical-Symptoms-Checklist
    Yosuke Kita, Tomoka Kobayashi, Toshihide Koike, Tatsuya Koeda, Eiji Wa ...
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 437-442
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.437
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      We investigated the clinical symptoms of children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and evaluated the relationship between these symptoms and their Hiragana reading abilities. In order to detect the clinical symptoms of DD, we newly developed a clinical-symptoms-checklist (CL), which consisted of a total of 30 yes/no questions regarding symptoms linked to reading (15 questions) and writing (15 questions). Subjects were 98 Japanese school grade (1 to 9) children, aged 6 to 15 years old, with normal intelligence confirmed by the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC-III) and they were divided into 2 groups according to their diagnosis. Twenty four children diagnosed as developmental dyslexia consisted the DD group, and the remaining 74 children were grouped in the non-DD group.
      CL showed significant construct validity (p<0.05) and inner consistency (reading: α=0.82, writing: α=0.72) after deleting two questions from the originals. The number of questions checked in the CL reading subcategory significantly correlated with the Hiragana reading ability of articulation time in all Hiragana reading tasks (p<0.001). More severe clinical symptoms and lower reading ability were observed in the DD group compared to the non-DD group. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis indicated that these two groups could be discriminated by the CL and the results of the reading task, and both sensitivity and specificity rate were approximately 80%.
      It was suggested that 7 or more positive checks in the CL and 2 or more abnormal scores in the reading tasks might discriminate DD from other conditions which cause difficulties in reading and writing in Japanese children.
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  • Effectiveness of Vigabatrin in West Syndrome Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis
    Naoki Ando, Shinji Fujimoto, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Satoru Kobayashi, Ayako ...
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 444-448
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.444
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      Vigabatrin (VGB) is one of the most effective anti-epileptic drugs for tonic spasms, those accompanied with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), but is not available in Japan. We treated 7 patients with West syndrome (WS) and TSC with VGB. In these patients, VGB treatment was started at 5-65 months of age. Six patients (86%) had complete cessation of tonic spasms. Of these, 3 patients had complete cessation within 24 hours after VGB treatment. The mean initial dosage of VGB was 36.2 mg・kg－1・day－1, and the mean maintenance dosage was 38.4 mg・kg－1・day－1. At the beginning of VGB treatment, 3 patients had hypsarrhythmia, 2 had focal discharge with generalization, and 2 had only focal discharge on electroencephalography. Hypsarrhythmia disappeared within 4-8 weeks after VGB treatment. Behavioral problems and sleep difficulty were observed in 6 patients. Visual field examination revealed no abnormalities in 3 patients. We hope that patients with WS and TSC can be treated with VGB as soon as possible in Japan.
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  • Recurrence of Transient Splenial Lesions in a Child with “Benign Convulsions with Gastroenteritis”
    Shigemi Morioka, Osamu Otabe, Hisaki Uehara, Kentaro Yokoi, Yoshikazu ...
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 449-453
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.449
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      We report a 2-year-old girl who demonstrated “benign convulsions with gastroenteritis (CwG) ” with transient splenial lesions twice during the winter. The first episode was associated with noro-virus and the second with rota-virus. During each episode, seizures occurred in clusters without clinical signs of dehydration, hypoglycemia, electrolyte derangement or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, and her consciousness was clear during the interictal period. Those findings were consistent with CwG. As transient splenial lesions were not accompanied by any neurological abnormalities other than seizures, she was not diagnosed as having encephalopathy, but as having CwG. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated hyperintense lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum, which disappeared within a week. We speculate that CwG is likely to lead to transient splenial lesions.
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  • Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Associated with Congenital Cataracts, Mental Retardation and Peripheral Neuropathy
    Ayako Hattori, Masayuki Sasaki, Hiroshi Sakuma, Yoshiaki Saito, Hirofu ...
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 454-457
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.454
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      A 16-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with mental retardation and a gradually increasing gait disturbance. He fell easily at age 6, and lost the ability to jump at age 12. At age 13, he lost the ability to run, and developed pes cavus and hammer toes. Spastic paraplegia with mental retardation, congenital cataracts, hyper reflexia, dysarthria, callosal hypogenesis and peripheral neuropathy were evident at age 16. Laboratory examinations did not reveal any underlying disorders. He was diagnosed as having complex spastic paraplegia with cataracts, mental retardation and peripheral neuropathy that might comprise a genetically distinct entity that is unique to Japan, because all prior reports of this combination have been generated only from Japan.
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  • Two Cases of Symptomatic West Syndrome Suffering from Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Bronchiolitis
    Tsukasa Higuchi, Tetsuhiro Fukuyama, Mitsuo Motobayashi, Yuka Misawa, ...
    2010 Volume 42 Issue 6 Pages 458-462
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11251/ojjscn.42.458
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      We report two cases of symptomatic West syndrome with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) -induced bronchiolitis: one was a 9-month-old boy who was hospitalized for shock, and the other was a 15-month-old boy in pre-shock condition. Both cases needed mechanical ventilation for approximately 2 weeks. Seizures from the primary disease worsened in both patients during the infection, and both needed long periods of hospitalization, which resulted in a considerable reduction in their quality of life and that of their families. According to a one-year epidemiological survey of RSV infection conducted in 2004-2005 in Nagano prefecture, 7 of 238 hospitalized RSV cases were found to have basic neuromuscular disorders. Compared to patients with chronic lung disease or other primary diseases, they were older, had higher incidence of mechanical ventilation, and required longer hospitalization. Neuromuscular disorders may thus be an important risk factor for severe forms of RSV infection. Although children with such disorders should be protected from RSV, they are currently excluded from the indication for palivizumab administration as passive immunization against RSV in Japan.
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