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Volume 16, Issue 6
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 426
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (255K) -
Kazutoshi Goto1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 427-434
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the functional connections between chemosensitive substrates in the ventral medullary surface and the nucleus retroambigualis (NRA), two sets of experiments were performed in 16 anesthetized, paralized and artificially ventilated cats.
Microstimulation in the intermediate area (IA) caused a decrease in the arterial blood pressure and the increment of phrenic nerve and inspiratory unit activity in the NRA: i. e. an increase in duration and number of inspiratory unitary discharge with a response latency of 3-10 msec by poststimulus time histogram. Stimulation in the NRA caused an increase in the arterial blood pressure, the phrenic nerve activity and the mean discharge frequency of chemosensitive unit in the IA with a response latency of 4-7 msec.
These experimental results show that microelectrical stimulation in the NRA or IA promote the neural respiratory output and further suggest that there are mutual facilitate connections between the two substrates through polysynaptic pathways and that the NRA may be involved in the central pathways consisting of neurons having chemosensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (3623K) -
III. Behavioral Changes Due to Total AsphyxiaHiroshi Yoshioka, Masaharu Ochi, Akira Yoshida, Shigeru Iino, Katsuhik ...1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 435-440
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to investigate effects of total asphyxia on mouse behavior. Two-day-old mice, Jcl: ICR strain, were put into a chamber for 30 minutes which was continuously flushed with 100% CO2 gas. After the exposure to anoxia, 29% of mice survived. Untreated littermates served as controls. At 20 days, 30 days, and 60 days, behavioral tests for spontaneous activity and emotional response, and neurological tests for muscle strength and coordination function were performed. Hyperactivity and emotional disturbance as well as coordination disturbance were observed in the asphyxiated animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (2479K) -
the Prognostic Value of the Electroencephalogram at 0 to 3 Years of AgeAkiko Matsumoto, Kazuyoshi Watanabe, Midori Sugiura, Tamiko Negoro, Et ...1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 441-444
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prognostic value of the electroencephalogram at 0 to 3 years of age was studied on 284 children with convulsive disorders in the first year of life, excluding febrile convulsions and occasional convulsions caused by an acute insult to the central nervous system (e. g., meningitis). All patients except 45 who died were follwed until 6 years of age or older. The number of children whose EEGs were obtained at ages 0, 1, 2, 3 years was 167, 102, 93 and 76, respectively.
Seizures had disappeared in 35% of children with focal spikes during the first two years, against 65% of children with focal spikes during the 4th year. Seventy-six percent of children without paroxysmal discharge during the first year had normal mental and physical development at the final follow-up, but the rate of normal mental and physical development in children without paroxysmal discharges decreased with increasing ages. At 3 years of age, there was no statistical significant difference on the long-term prognosis between the patients with and without paroxysmal discharges.
It was concluded that the prognostic value of electroencephalogram decreased with increasing age from 0 to 3 years in children with convulsive disorders with onset in the first year of life.View full abstractDownload PDF (684K) -
Toshiyuki Kumagai, Tatsuo Takeuchi, Kimiko Hara, Shuji Miyazaki, Teiji ...1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 445-449
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS3-Methylhistidine (3 MH) is an amino acid synthesized by the posttranslational methylation of specific histidine residues in the peptide chains of actin and myosin in muscle fibers. When muscle protein is degraded, 3MH is released, but it does not participate in amino-acid reutilization, and is excreted unmetabolized. On the basis of these findings, it has been suggested that the rate of myofibrillar protein degradation may be estimated by relating the urinary 3MH concentration to an estimate of muscle mass such as urinary creatinine. We investigated the ratio of 3MH: creatinine in 21 children with neuromuscular diseases and 9 controls.
In controls, the mean ratio of 3MH: creatinine (mg/g) was 34.7±3.6 (mean±SD). In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (5 cases), Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (6 cases) and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (5 cases), the ratios were 67.4±10.9, 73.4±9.9, 68.8±15.9, respectively, and they were significantly higher than that of controls (p<0.001), and about twice normal. Those of the cases of spinal type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, dermatomyositis and nemaline myopathy were 47.9, 55.6 and 39.9, respectively. These ratios were higher than the highest ratio (38.7) in controls. We suggested the clinical usefulness of urinary 3MH determination for the screening for neuromuscular diseases in childhood, not only in muscular dystrophy and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, but also in other neurogenic muscular atrophy and congenital myopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Masaru Tatsuno1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 450-455
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReal-time ultrasonography was used to make exact measurements from lateral wall of the body of the lateral ventricle to the falx (LVW) and from the innertable of the calvalium to the falx (HINT) in 205 infants of varying gestational ages. A ratio of lateral ventricular width to hemispheric width (LVW/HW) could then be calculated.
The normal LVW/HW ratio was 0.281±0.033 (mean±SD) between 0 and 1 day, and increased up to 2 days (0.301±0.033). No remarkable changes were seen thereafter. LVW/HW ratio was higher in less mature infants at the same conceptional age. In among infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (grade I and II), no remarkable change was noted in the LVW/HW ratio (0.299±0.042). Infants with intraventricular hemorrhage of grade ifi and IV showed significantly higher LVW/HW ratios than normal infants. In infants of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, the LVW/HW ratio was 0.36-0.58. It was concluded from these data that values higher than 0.35 indicated abnormal dilatation of lateral ventricles. However, early detection of hydrocephalus or ventricular dilatation was not possible in premature infants with this criterion, because the bodies of lateral ventricles were not dilated at the early stage of these pathological, conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2245K) -
Yutaka Sato, Susumu Sunaga1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 456-462
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, theophylline has increasingly been used for prevention of apneic spells in premature infants. However, there is a concern about the effect of theophylline on the developing brain in the perinatal period. In this report, we studied biochemical changes in fetal brain of rabbits, whose mothers had been treated with theophylline during their pregnancies.
New Zealand White rabbits received aminophylline (6 mg/kg/12 hr) intravenously from the 26 th to the 30 th day of gestation. Delivery was performed by cesarean section of the day of 30, and the brain of fetuses was sampled.
(1) Body weight and brain wet weight showed no difference between the control group and the experiment group. But brain DNA was decreased and brain protein was slightly increased in the experiment group.
(2) Myelin dry weight, myelin lipid and myelin protein in the experiment group were lower compared with that of the control. Myelin lipid composition in the experiment group showed remarkable changes. Cholesterol of myelin was decreased and phospholipid was not decreased with development. In additon, galactolipid was not increased with development in the experiment group. Phospholipid composition of the myelin in the experiment group was characterized by high percentage of choline phosphoglycerides. Myelin protein composition in the experiment group did not show a significant difference compared with that of the control. 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activities of the myelin were lower in the experiment group than that of the control.
Our data indicate that administration of theophylline in the perinatal period results in inhibition of brain cell proliferation and delay of maturation of myelin. This data may be of particular clinical importance in view of the recent increase in the use of theophylline for the prevention of apneic spells in human premature infants.View full abstractDownload PDF (975K) -
Sumiyoshi Yokoyama, Tadataka Matsui, Mikio Komatsu, Hiroe Takeda, Mich ...1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 463-469
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnticonvulsant drugs, particularly phenobarbital and phenytoin, are thought to affect calcium and vitamin D metabolism and to cause rickets or osteomalacia. The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors which lead to rachitic changes. For this purpose we measured serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline-phosphatase, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-0H-D), and evaluated Σ GS/D (bone mineral content) using microdensi-tometry. The study was performed on 92 epileptic patients aged 3 to 22 years (mean 10.5) who had been receiving anticonvulsant drugs for 3 to 19 years (mean 5.8). According to the period of treatment, patients were divided into three groups: A, 3 to 4 years (43 cases); B, 5 to 9 years (34 cases); C, over 10 years (15 cases).
In 21 of the total 92 patients, particularly in 9 of the 15 patients of group C, serum calcium levels were lower than the lower limit of normal values obtained in age-matched controls. In 17 of the 92 patients, particularly in 8 of the 15 patients of group C, serum 25-OH-D levels were lower than the lower limit of normal value (14 ng/ml), and the values of ΣGS/D in 8 of the 17 patients were lower than the mean value-1.65 S. D. In 11 of the 80 patients, values of ΣGS/D were lower than the mean value-1.65 S. D., and almost all cases of the 11cases had been receiving multiple drugs concurrently for more than 7 years. In 8 of the 11, serum 25-OH-D levels were lower than the lower limit of the normal value.
It was concluded that long-term treatment with concurrent use to multiple drugs, was the factor leading to rachitic changes, and that evaluation of Σ GS/D together with serum calcium and 25-OH-D was useful for early detection of rachitic changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1241K) -
Naofumi Ichiba1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 470-475
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical and electroencephalographic studies were performed to clarify the pathophysiology of the refracted type infantile autism. Fifty children with infantile autism were classified into two groups ; group I was consisted of twenty-eight children, aged 1 year and 10 months to 10 years, who had developed infantile autism below 2 years and 6 months of age, and group II was consisted of twenty-two children with refracted type infantile autism, aged 2 years 1 month to 8 years and 7 months.
Investigations of clinical & E E G findings revealed fewer evidences which suggested the organic brain damage in group II than group I. Many children in group II had a proximate cause at the onset of infantile autism which was thought as psychotic trauma to them. In this group disappearance of speech and appearance of autistic behavior were advanced simultaneously. The prognosis about speech was poorer in group II than in group I. There was a correlation between the prognosis of refracted type infantile autism and the background activity of E E G. These findings suggested that the refracted type infantile autism was not a disorder o speech and perception caused by organic brain damage but a psychic reaction following psychotic trauma.View full abstractDownload PDF (2239K) -
Tsukasa Tanaka, Masaaki Yoshimoto, Kiyoto Shirai, Setsuko Kinoshita, M ...1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 476-480
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 10-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of generalized muscle atrophy and weakness. She was thin and had a long face, pes cavus, high arched palate, steppage gait and generalized muscle atrophy and weakness, especially involving the distal limb muscles and the legs more than arms. Deep tendon reflexes were absent. Routine laboratory studies were normal in urine and blood. Serum CPK value and cerebrospinal fluid were normal. Electro-myogram showed mainly neurogenic changes. Biopsy of the peroneus brevis muscle revealed nemaline rods, type I fiber predominance, type II fiber hypertrophy and some neurogenic changes. At the ultrastructural level, the rods appeared to have axial and cross striations and was partly occupied by granular materials. In addition to the rods, abnormal mitochondria including crystalline inclusions were observed. The presence of intramitochondrial inclusions is not a specific finding. However, there were only few cases reported which showed both nemaline myopathy and abnormal mitochondria.View full abstractDownload PDF (5551K) -
Takashi Mito, Chizuko Nakano, Kunio Yoshino, Sachio Takashima, Kimio H ...1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 481-486
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLight and electron microscopic studies were carried out in a 22-week-old fetus with Sanfilippo B disease. The neuronal and visceral maturation was the same as that of an age matched control fetus. In the central nervous system (CNS) electron-lucent vacuoles were found in the well-developed neurons and glial cells of the pons and spinal cord. A few membranous bodies with a dense material were demonstrated in the neuronal processes of the cerebellar white matter and pons. Electron-lucent vacuoles were observed in the liver, kidney, lung, spleen and pancreas. Nonspecific membranous bodies were present in all organs of the affected and control fetuses. The amounts of uronic acid were increased 1.5-, 3-and 5-fold in the cerebral cortex, liver and kidney of the affected fetus, respectively, as compared to those in the control fetus.
These results suggested that the number of electron-lucent vacuoles and membranous dense bodies increased with the maturation in the CNS and vacuolar inclusion bodies were caused by mucopolysaccharide accumulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (5014K) -
Naofumi Ichiba, Sachi Murakawa, Shunsuke Ohtahara1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 487-491
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 3-year-old girl with Down syndrome who suffered from moyamaya disease was reported. She was born at 37 weeks' gestation, weighed 2700g and was mildly asphyxiated. At the age of one month the characteristic face and multisle anomalies were pointed out, and the diagnosis of Down syndrome was established by the chromosomal study. Since birth she was hypotonic and developmental milestones were delayed. At the age of 3 years and 5 months she developed generalized clonic convulsion with predominance on the right upper extremity followed by transient paresis of the right upper extremity. The CT scan on the third day revealed low density at the anterolateral regign of the left cerebral hemisphere, and also the EEG showed focal low voltage at the same region. Radiologic study of left internal carotid artery showed severe narrowing at the distal portion with collateral networks typical of moyamoya disease in the base of brain, but the right carotid arteriogram showed merely narrowings at proximal portions of both anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. It was suggested that moyamoya disease of Down syndrome was caused by the fibromuscular dysplasia.View full abstractDownload PDF (4823K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1984 Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 492-494
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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