Eye movement steme can be glossly divided into the four major systems, i. e. horizontal, vertical, rotatory and vergence systems.
The supranuclear mechanism of these systems were discussed from the neurological diagnosticview point.
In the horizontal eye movement system, gaze paresis, MLF syndrome, gaze nystagmus, so called ocular bobbing were discussed whereas disturbance of vertical eye movement and lightning eye movement were considered in the case of the lesions of midbrain.
Specific type of spontaneous and induced nystagmus or abnormal eye movement induced by the lesions of the pons, the midbrain, the medulla, the cerebellum and the labyrinth were present.

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Adenoma of the pituitary gland is extremely uncommon in childhood. There are often some difficulties in the differential diagnosis between pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma. In this point it demands specific consideration. Three cases of pituitary adenoma in children, which showed all chromophobe adenoma pathologically, are reported. One case was misdiagno sed as craniopharyngioma preoperatively and another case showed so-called pituitary apoplexy and the third case had a saccular aneurysm at the junction of the right internal carotid artery and ophthalmic artery. In the diagnosis of tumors in the pituitary region, pituitary adenoma should be taken into consideration even in children as in adults.

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1. The CSF fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas-chromatography in 15 cases of congenital hydrocephalus before and after ahunt operation. Each fatty acid content was determined by arachidic acid internal standard method.
2. Total CSF fatty acid concentration was higher in the hydrocephalic patients at the preoperative stage than in normal chidren.
3. The concentrations of the total and short chain (less than C16) fatty acids of CSF were higher in the high pressure hydrocephalic patients (above 150mm H₂O) than in the low pressure hydrocephalic patients (below 150mm H₂O).4. The concentrations of the total and short chain (less than C16) fatty acids of CSF were higher 3 weeks after operation in the patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis.
5. It may be helpful to determine the CSF fatty acid composition for the prediction of prognosis in congenital hydrocephalus.

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Tne present report described the studies on renal-, liver-, bone marrow-functions andcal cium and phosphorus metabolism of children who have been on a long-term administration of anti epileptic drugs.
1) Complicatons during antiepileptic treatment in the past four years were as follows: orthosta tic albuminuria, 13; nephritis, 4; nepatitis, 1; lupus-nephritis, 1; micro hematuria, 1; hepatitis, 4; aplastic anemia, 1; anemia, 1; neutropenia, 3.
2) Renal dysfunction were observed more fre quently in the group treated with sulthiame than those with phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin.
3) Adrenochrome (AC-17) was administrated to the patients with orthostatic albuminuria, and the improvement rate of the albumin-globulin ratio in early morning urine (14.3%) and thedisappea rance'rate of proteinuria in the daytime (42.8%) were investigated. Both of these rates were lower than those (69.3%, 84.6%) of controls (non-epi leptic children with orthostatic albuminuria).
4) The mean levels of serum calcium and phosphorus were lower in the group of older children treated with antiepileptics than in the untreated group.
5) With the prolongation of the treatment and the increase of the administration index (number of drugs×number of months for administration), the occurence of patients with hypocalcemia or pypophosphatemia (<M-3/2SD.) increased in the group treated with antiepileptics. Most of the patients with these conditions suffered fromin tractable epilepsy or complications of cerevral palsy or mental retardation.

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