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Volume 28, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 2
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 3-13
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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Sachio Takashima, Akira Tsuru, Masashi Mizuguchi1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 14-22
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCerebral cortical malformation is now diagnosed by neuroimagings, and important as a cause of developmental disorder or epilepsy. The classification of cortical malformations was tried from developmental aspect, and agyria in Miller-Dieker syndrome and polymicrogyria in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy were compared on their pathogeneses. Unilateral hemimegalencephaly and focal cortical dysplasia were reviewed on literatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (12603K) -
Yasuhiko Kawakami, Yoshitaka Fukunaga, Kiyoshi Hashimoto1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNeopterin is synthesized mainly by monocytes/macrophages and is considered to be a marker for activation of the cellular immune system. In patients with bacterial or aseptic meningitis, elevated neopterin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been demonstrated.
We studied the time courses of CSF and serum neopterin in children with meningitis. The CSF neopterin levels on admission were significantly higher in patients with bacterial meningitis (82.4 ± 37.0 nmol/L) than in those with aseptic meningitis (32.3 ± 22.1 nmol/L) or in those with non- pleocytotic CSF (6.9 ± 4.4 nmol/L).
The CSF neopterin levels in the patients with bacterial meningitis were remarkably increased (234.5 ± 100.2 nmol/L) one day after admission, but the serum neopterin levels were not increased.
There was no correlation between CSF neopterin levels and CSF cell count or CSF protein, nor between serum neopterin levels and serum C-reactive protein or peripheral leukocyte count. But the CSF neopterin levels one day after admission were related to the period of positive serum C-reactive protein.
CSF neopterin levels in patients with bacterial meningitis were increased one day after admission. The levels in two patients with high levels of CSF IFN-γ and TNF-α were remarkably increased. All patients with bacterial meningitis had received treatment with antibiotics and dexamethasone. It has been reported that TNF-α enhances the effect of IFN-γ for neopterin release by macrophages in vitro and that dexamethasone has the same effect on IFN-γ as TNF-α.
The present study suggests that elevation of CSF neopterin in bacterial meningitis results from monocytes/macrophages costimulated with IFN-γ, TNF-α and dexamethasone used in treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1174K) -
Including Profile Analysis of SubtestsKazue Takagi1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 30-38
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate intellectual functions of epileptic children, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was performed on 69 children with epilepsy, and the test results were compared with their clinical symptoms and electroencephalographical findings.
Both verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) were significantly lower in the symptomatic group than in the idiopathic or cryptogenic groups, and also significantly lower in patients receivingpolytherapy than monotherapy. PIQ was significantly low in patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ), in those with poor control of seizures, in clumsy children, and cases with poor performance on visuo-motor tests. In the last two categories of patients there was an increased difference between VIQ and PIQ (discrepancy), and profile analysis revealed an impairment in non-verbal cognition and visual organization. On EEG records the patients with frontopolar (Fp) or frontal (F) focus had a significantly lower PIQ and an increased discrepancy. Migration of the epileptic focus during the periodic monitoring of EEG was also an important factor for an increased discrepancy. Furthermore, profile analysis suggested the impairment of the functions of the cerebral cortex associated with epileptic foci.
These results indicate that either motor disability, such as clumsiness and minor motor disturbance, or epileptic focus on EEG are important factors affecting the assessment of neuropsychological aspects in enilentic children.View full abstractDownload PDF (1685K) -
Yoshiaki Saitoh, Seiji Kimura, Atsuo Nezu, Noriyuki Ohtsuki, Takuya Ko ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 39-43
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe experienced five children having T1-shortening lesions in basal ganglia or thalami on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which were supposed to be caused by manganese (Mn) overdosis. Instead of the presence of above mentioned lesions, no neurological manifestations corresponding to them had developed in all patients. This observation suggests that a MRI is useful for detecting the side effects caused by overdosis of Mn in patients having parenteral nutrition.View full abstractDownload PDF (2765K) -
Akihisa Okumura, Fumio Hayakawa, Kuniyoshi Kuno, Kazuyoshi Watanabe1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 44-47
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied 70 patients who took zonisamide (ZNS) in August 1994, to clarify the relation between ZNS and oligohidrosis. Twelve of the 70 patients were revealed to have oligohidrosis by the interview with patients' mothers. Six of these 12 patients were evaluated by heat loading test, which showed a decreased sweat response in all patients. Five of the 12 oligohidrotic patients were evaluated by acetylcholine (Ach) loading test and all of them showed a decreased sweat response. On two patients poor sweat responses to heat loading and Ach loading recovered after discontinuation of ZNS. These results suggest that ZNS causes dysfunction of sweat glands.View full abstractDownload PDF (2716K) -
Fumio Hayakawa, Akihisa Okumura, Kuniyoshi Kuno, Kazuyoshi Watanabe1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 48-52
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the developmental outcome and features of brain imaging in 33 infants with moderate or severe depression of background EEG activities immediately after birth.
Lesions due to perinatal injury were observed in 25 infants on neonatal ultrasonography and/or childhood MRI. These findings strongly correlated with their gestational age. Periventricular leukomalacia and posthemorrhagic porencephaly were observed in preterm infants. On the other hand, perinatal injury of mature brain type, such as multicystic encephalomalacia, parasagittal infarct, bilateral basal ganglia/thalamic lesion, and subcortical leukomalacia, were observed in full-term infants.
Periventricular leukomalacia rather correlated with moderate depression of EEG activities than severe depression like observed in full-term neonates who have brain lesions due to perinatal asphyxia.View full abstractDownload PDF (4709K) -
Tetsuzo Tagawa, Kazumasa Otani, Yasuyuki Futagi, Akatsuki Wakayama, Ka ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 53-59
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies were performed in two children with hemimegalencephaly. The ages of seizure onset were 44 hours after birth in one infant and 33 days of postnatal life in the other patient. In both children, infantile spasms (IS) associated with hemihypsarrhythmia, developed at 1.5 months and 4 months, respectively. The subsequent clinical courses in these children were notable for frequent, intractable seizures. The seizures consisted of either generalized or partial seizures which originated from not only the hemimegalic hemisphere but also the contralateral one. Later, the clinical and EEG findings in one child indicated the development of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). These findings suggested that the lesions of epileptogenesis in patients with hemimegalencephaly involved not only the pathological hemisphere, but also the contralateral hemisphere and subcortical structures. A detailed neurophysiological investigation in hemimegalencephaly could help the elucidation of the pathophysiology of intractable epilepsies, such as IS or LGS.View full abstractDownload PDF (6978K) -
An Epidemiological StudyJunko Suzuki, Masatoshi Ito, Kiyotaka Tomiwa1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 60-65
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epidemiological study of cerebral palsy (CP) in Shiga Prefecture, was performed by reviewing medical records of the Medical Center for Children in Shiga (MCCS) and related hospitals.
The total number of CP patients identified at 6 years old was 202 (117 boys and 85 girls) who were born during the ten years period between 1977-1986.
The average prevalence of CP in Shiga Prefecture was calculated as 1.09 per 1, 000 school children aged 6 years.
The prevalence of CP was 9 fold among low birth weight infants (1, 500-2, 499g) and 41 fold among very low birth weight infants (<1, 500g), compared with that of mature infants (≥ 2, 500g).
One hundred and thirty nine cases (69%) were term infants, and 63 cases (31%) were preterm.
Etiology of 139 term cases was considered to be prenatal in 50 cases (35%), perinatal in 37 cases (26%), postnatal in 3 cases (2%) and untraceable in 49 cases (35%), whereas prenatal in 12 cases (19%), perinatal in 7 cases (11%), and untraceable in 44 cases (70%) of 63 preterm cases.
The prevalance rate of CP was fairly constant throughout the whole period of 1977-1986, but the term cases with perinatal etiologies significantly decreased in the period of 1982-1986, compared with those in the preceding period of 1977-1981. Children born weighting less than 1, 500 g significantly increased in the later period.
The improvement of perinatal care seems to play a major role on these changes.
Sixty percent of term cases and 20% of preterm cases were considered to be due to prenatal factors which could not be prevented by the improvement of perinatal care.View full abstractDownload PDF (1205K) -
Mikiko Nonaka, Shintaro Hashira, Kumiko Sugamata, Toshiaki Abe, Hideyu ...1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 66-71
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe describe a three-year-old girl whose growing congenital brain tumor may have been responsible for her perinatal intracranial hemorrhage. The patient, born after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery, had an intracranial hemorrhage in the right frontal area, including the basal ganglia, as a newborn. Her only symptoms at that time were vomiting and fever. She improved both, clinically and neuroradiologically during the following weeks, and except for mild left hemiparesis, the patient developed with no other apparent neurological deficits. However, a follw-up brain CT scan at 3 years of age, disclosed a heterogenous tumor with a 5 cm diameter in the same right frontal area as the neonatal hemorrhage. The tumor was surgically removed, and diagonosed as a benign mixed tumor composed of differentiated astrocytoma and meningioma elements. It is conceivable that the brain tumor may have been growing rather slowly since an early fetal stage.
This case indicates the need of being aware that neonatal intracranial hemorrhages may be caused by bleeding of congenital brain tumors.View full abstractDownload PDF (10086K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 72-74
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 74-77
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 79
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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[in Japanese]1996 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 81-84
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (831K)
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