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Volume 32, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 194
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (144K) -
Komei Kumagai2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 195-207
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe history of child neurology and the changing pattern of research methods in this field are reviewed with special reference to holoprosencephaly and recent technical advances in sleep research. This is followed by a discussion on the relationship between child neurology and rehabilitation.
The majority of child neurologic disorders are developmental disabilities, but acquired child neurological diseases also show chronic progressive course in many cases. Therefore, child neurologist should understand the basis of rehabilitation approach and appreciate the three classes of disabilities; subsequently, a plan needs to be incorporating medical treatment and a program of rehabilitation for the disabled children. It is important that the role of the various rehabilitation specialists (rehabilitation doctor, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, and others) are understood in relation to the work of pediatric neurologist.
Finaly, a brief discussion is presented on the rehabilitation approach of patients with hypoxic encephalopathy and the information of welfare equipment.View full abstractDownload PDF (5805K) -
Katsuhiko Mikoshiba2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 208-219
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mammalian neocortex is a highly ordered structure with different classes of neurons aligning in an organized radial array of six cellular layers ranging from the pial surface to the white matter. Positioningof a particular neuron at the particular cortical layer is an essential step in forming an elaborate neuronal network in the neocortex. It is important to study the molecular mechanism how neuroblasts produced reach to a particular position in the laminated structure of the brain. We took advantage of reeler mutant mouse in which the position of the neurons is abnormal. We obtained an antibody against reeler gene product which we named CR-50, by immunizing wild type embryonic brains to reeler mice. CR50 blocked neuronal positioning in the cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. CR-50 reacted with the product of the reelin gene, which was cloned as the responsible gene for the reeler mutant. Cajal-Retzius neurons secrete CR-50 antigen/Reelin and play an important role for neuroblasts to settle to their proper position in the brain. The mutant mouse missing “disabled 1”, called yotari mouse, shows similar phenotypes in both morphology and behavior to those of reeler. The information of CR-50 antigen/Reelin is considered to be transmitted inside the neuroblasts to the “disabled 1”, which is an adaptor protein to Src, Fyn, Abl tyrosine kinase.View full abstractDownload PDF (19644K) -
Towards Human Communication MediaHiroshi Harashima2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 220-225
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToday, with the approach of the 21st century, attention is focused on multimedia communications conbining computer, visual and audio technologies. This article discusses the communication media target and the technological problems constituting the nucleus of multimedia.
The communication media is becoming an environment from which no one can escape. Since the media has such a great power, what is needed now is not to predict the future technologies, but to estimate the future world and take to responsibility for future environments.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Katsuhiro Matsuya, Eiichi Hoashi2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 226-227
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this symposium, the terminology and difinition of mental retardation were discussed. We examined theories and practices of social services, as well as policies for people with mental retardation from the aspects of individual and family life-cycle. Panelists at the invitation of this symposium were experts on this subject. They proposed new theories and made practical comments. The key words include the change of medical to social model; early diagnosis and intervention; medical care for children with severe disabilities at school-life and support for their family; career eduction and transition services; support with residential facilities and community-based approach; and empowerment of people with developmental disabilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
Eiichi Hoashi2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 228-231
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo support a mentally handicapped child and his/her family, it is very important to understand problems concerning the first-step of life-long help: early detection, intervention and treatment of the child in infancy or toddlers.
The author discussed these problems based on his 20-year- long experience in community- based approach.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
Sadao Shimizu2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 232-236
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this article the author described three social movements by families with a disabled child:(1) respite services which refresh family members by a short-term relief care in a local region, (2) after-school activities in which children with disabilities participate in recreation activities and built up a friendship with nondisabled people in neighborhood, and (3) schooling of children with special health care which enables the children to attend unaccompanied by mothers until after-school hours. The author's analysis indicated that a social policy for the people with disabilities and their families should consider other dimensions which may be influenced by the social policy. This is because different social settings (e. g. home, school, family) are interdependent and that events and changes in one unit have an effect on other social settings.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Yoichi Sakakihara2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 237-241
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of medical knowledge and technology has greatly improved our understanding of mental retardation. However, clinically applicable treatment of mental retardation is still limited. As described in the definition of mental retardation by the American Association of Mental Retardation, functional maladaptations in various aspects of everyday life are the most integral part of disabilities in mental retardation. The role of pediatric neurologist in the medical care for children with mental retardation is not limited in medical treatment. Pediatric neurologists should play an important role as a coordinators in integrated care. Providing of medical care in special schools for children with mental retardation is among the most important issues, since children spend most of their time either at home or in school. The current situation of “medical care” in school, and its problems are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3188K) -
Katsuhiro Matsuya2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 242-246
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article examines the theory and practice relating to transition services and career education for individuals with developmental disabilities in Japan. The article is also intended to guide future enactment and social services that affect life-cycle transitions.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Kitoku Okada2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 247-251
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Western countries many residential institutions for the mentally retarded have been built since the end of 19th century. Some large-scaled public facilities accomodated as much as 5, 000 to 8, 000 residents. This trend persisted the middle of this century. However, institutionalism has been abandoned since the latter half of 1960's.
In Japan the law for the welfare of persons with mental retardation was enacted in 1960. Thereafter the most important subject was the construction of residential institutions.
Thus, Japan lags behind the United States and European countries by nearly half a century as far as the policy for the mentally retarded is concerned.
International Year of Persons with Disabilities in 1981 and subsequent United Nations Decade of Persons with Disabilities provided us with motivation to change the social welfare services in Japan under the concept of normalization. At present Japanese social welfare systems are changing to community-oriented services, such as community residential facilities and day-activity centers.View full abstractDownload PDF (7004K) -
Yoshimichi Ogawa2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 252-254
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeople with developmental disabilities have their own life cycles and social services for them, such as therapeutic training, education, vocational training, and community care, should respect their initiative in decision-making and controlling their own lives. However, social isolation of the disabled people and their families, lack of resources, and discrimination have resulted in their disempowerment. This paper discusses the professionals' role in empowerment, focuses on social and consumer models, and emphasizes the importance of the partnership between professionals and self-help groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
Masayuki Sasaki, Toshiaki Hashimoto, Morimi Shimada, Kazuie Iinuma, Sh ...2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 255-260
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report here 38 Japanese patients with hemimegalencephaly collected by a national survey study. All the patients were sporadic. There was no familial occurrence or sex difference. Some patients had basic diseases: hypomelanosis of Ito in 3 cases and organic nevus syndromes in 8. Most patients had hemiparesis, and 11 were bed-ridden. All except for 3 patients had mental retardation, being profound in half of them. There was no correlation between the side of hemimegalencephaly and clinical symptoms. All patients had epileptic seizures, which first appeared within 24 hours after birth in 4 cases, within 7 days in 7, within a month in 2, within 6 months in 10, and within a year in 4. Antiepileptic drugs were not very effective for controlling seizures. In 7 patients, however, functional hemispherectomy resulted in seizure control and improved development. The patients whose epileptic symptom occurred earlier tended to be more severe in clinical symptomsView full abstractDownload PDF (772K) -
Epilepsy with Its Onset in the Acute Phase and without a Latent PeriodTakahiro Nara, Shinichiro Hamano, Hidetsugu Nozaki, Yoshiko Tanaka, Ma ...2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 261-267
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpileptogenesis was evaluated in 60 patients with acute encephalitis and in 10 patients with acute encephalopathy. Forty- seven patients have been seizure- free during for more than three years' follow- up (Group III). On the other hand, 23 patients developed epilepsy. Among them, 18 patients developed epilepsy after a latent period of 1 month to 2 3/12 years (Group I). In Group I, a younger age of the onset, a long period of disturbed consciousness and a high activity of CSF neuron- specific enolase (NSE) was associated with refractory epilepsy. The other five patients had continuous seizures from the acute phase of encephalitis without a latent period (Group II). They had more than 2 types of partial motor seizures which occurred frequently during the acute phase of encephalitis. The. NSE activity in the CSF of patients in Group II was less than 50ng/ml, being similar to those in Group III. The epilepsy in Group II, however, was the most refractory. The reason for the development of this continuous refractory epilepsy remained obscure.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Miyako Haranaka, Akihiko Endo, Ryutaro Kohira, Yukihiko Fujita, Masaak ...2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 268-273
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCongenital myotonic dystrophy (CMyD) affects the brain, causing mental changes and psychomotor retardation. However, the pathophysiology of the brain dysfunctions in CMyD remain to be clarified. We described two cases of CMyD with brain abnormalities. Case 1 was diagnosed as having ventricular dilation at 17 days after birth, and died at 3 years and 6 months. Case 2 was diagnosed as having ventricular dilation at birth, and died at 1 year and 3 months. Pathologically, both cases showed remote hypoxic ischemic brain damage and leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopia (LGH). In our patients, the white matter changes may have been caused by perinatal asphyxia, and LGH by embryological abnormalities. Taken our data and those of previous reports together, it is suggested that cerebral abnormalities in CMyD are ascribed to both hypoxic ischemic changes and histogenetic abnormalities.View full abstractDownload PDF (10068K) -
Masayuki Tanaka, Gen Kano, Kazushi Takaya, Yoshihiro Takeuchi2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 274-278
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report here a case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) showing brainstem hemorrhage. A 5-year-11-month-old boy with a history of febrile seizures was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and coma. Laboratory studies on admission demonstrated elevated serum transaminase and blood glucose. Brain CT was normal on admission, but 9 hours later, it showed low density areas in the bilateral thalamus, putamen, midbrain, pons and cerebellum. Brain MRI revealed abnormal short T1 and long T2 signals in the same areas. Despite promptly performed intensive care, massive brainstem hemorrhage occurred on the fourth day. EEG showed a suppression-burst pattern followed by a flat pattern on the sixth day. The patient died on the eighth day of multiple organ failure. This is the first case of massive brainstem hemorrhage that occurred in association with ANE.View full abstractDownload PDF (6466K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 279-281
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 281-283
Published: May 01, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
2000 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 286
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (105K)
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