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Volume 35, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 96
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (152K) -
Kazuie Iinuma2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 97-104
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the last 2 decades of the 20 th century, various non-invasive examinations of the brain function developed strikingly with the advance of electronics. The examination procedures were tentatively classified into the following generations: the 1 st generation: EEG, the 2 nd: evoked potentials using signal averaging system, the 3rd: CT and MRI using reconstruction of imaging, 4 th: PET, SPECT, fMRI, MEG, MRS and DTI which are categorized in functional imaging, 5 th optic topography combining the functional imaging and time factor. In this article, the outlines of the principle and application of the 4 th and 5 th generation methods are described. Their application to children requires the development of less invasive and simpler methods. These examination tools still stand on the start line, and will be widely applied to the neurology field in future. Child neurologists should be concerned with the development of their application.View full abstractDownload PDF (11941K) -
Atsushi Yamadori2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 105-112
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hippocampo-parahippocampal area (medial temporal lobe system: MTL) plays an important role on human memory. Its bilateral damage may produce selective and severe impairment of anterograde and retrograde episodic memory. Our MRI volumetric study of 5 cases of pure MTL amnesia secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis showed that degree of amnesia and recovery was significantly correlated with the volume of the remaining or functioning MTL.
It has to be kept in mind that MTL is a part of a widely distributed memory system. Our functional imaging studies on verbal memory showed that one of the major participants in this system is the frontal lobe. The most interesting finding in our studies is that the area and pattern of frontal activation changed according to the questions asked. For instance, in short term memory of verbal materials classical speech areas such as Broca's area was activated in conjunction with MTL. In long term verbal memory, activated areas shifted to areas anterior as well as superior to Broca's area. These data suggest that strategy of storing changes over time.
Damage to bilateral MTL at an early life seems to impair acquisition of semantic memories such as language, and mathematics, as well as more general knowledge necessary for social life. However, detailed information on this important topic remains scanty.View full abstractDownload PDF (1048K) -
Makiko Osawa, Yukuo Konishi2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 113-116
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfants achieve remarkable functions during the first year of life. Dendrites and synaptic connections grow and subcortical myelination takes place. In recent years, we have witnessed remarkable progress in the field of neuroscience. It has become clear that the human brain shows maximal plasticity in infancy and early childhood. This plasticity provides a golden window of opportunity to maximize human development. Excess synaptic connections are eliminated during late childhood, a phenomenon that appears to be influenced at least to some extent by the environment. In many years of clinical practice as a pediatrician, I have observed the growth and development of both normal children and those challenged with developmental disabilities. Parents need to spend time responding to and playing with their young children. The plasticity of the human brain in early life is not only an opportunity; it is also responsibility. We must provide all children with the optimal environment for both intellectual and psychological development. It seems that sensitive and sympathetic responses from caretakers are of critical importance. Physicians and basic investigators have the responsibility of further elucidating brain function, as means of discovering how to optimize the environment for development of the human brain.View full abstractDownload PDF (480K) -
Masao Ito2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 117-120
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Nurturing the Brain” is a new research field aiming at facilitating development and maintenance of healthy brains and keeping their learning capabilities at full display throughout life. It is based on recent remarkable progress in developmental neuroscience and non-invasive technologies for visualizing brain activities in humans, even infants and children. “Nurturing the Brain” research will help us to cure or prevent various types of developmental disorders such as ADHD and autism. It will also help us in choosing an appropriate timing for child care and education on the basis of new knowledge of the critical period of development for various brain functions.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Gen Matsumoto2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 121-125
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the development of the brain of ducklings and rat pups. The results of the experiments highlighted the essential importance of nurturing human brains:
1. Human relationship and communication are essential factors for survival.
2. New-born babies are tightly linked to signals from their mothers and surroundings, which are converted into the information for survival in their later development.
3. The brain is self-organized according to two genetically determined principles: output-driven operationand memory-based architecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
Hideaki Koizumi2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 126-129
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom a biological viewpoint, learning and education are closely related to brain development because the brain is an adaptable information processor open to the environment. Stimuli from the environment cause new neuronal connections. Therefore, learning is the process in which the brain reacts to stimuli by making neuronal connections that act as an information processing circuit and provide information storage similar to a database. On the other hand, education is a process that should guide and inspire the construction of the basic architecture of brain information processing by preparing and controlling the input stimuli to the brain.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
Yukuo Konishi2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 130-132
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith regards to education, there are various problems, which have repeatedly been investigated and discussed by many commissions and committees. The conclusions drawn from these efforts have, however, swung back and forth over time, like a pendulum. Apart from finding symptomatic solutions, pediatric neurologists in the 21st century should drastically re-evaluate “the view of children” by virtue of brain science that has been rapidly advancing. From this aspect, I would like to make a proposal for the establishment of new developmental neurology.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Teruhisa Miike2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 135-138
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudents with school phobia have two major clinical problems in common: 1) easy fatigability and 2) disturbed learning and memory functions. In the last 15 years, we studied these cases using various medical and physiological methods, by evaluating clinical autonomic nervous system functions, circadian rhythms such as hormonal secretion, deep body temperature, and sleep-wake. Most of them showed autonomic nervous system dysfunction and circadian rhythm disturbances quite similar to “jet lag”. We suggest that this kind of circadian rhythm disturbances are quite prevalent among children in the world and cause memory and learning disabilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 139-142
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (589K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 143-146
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (658K) -
Kenichi Yamada, Kenji Sugai, Michio Fukumizu, Shigeru Hanaoka, Masayuk ...2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 147-152
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParents' of patients with pediatric neurological disorders were sent a questionnaire, on their assessment and needs for home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Nine of 12 enrolled families responded. Respirator troubles were handled by a contracted HMV company. Decreased SpO2 levels and endotracheal bleeding were cared by family members under telephone instructions of doctors, though they felt anxious about dealing the problems. The mothers felt happy to live with their children by virtue of HMV, however, they had strong stress about the management of emergency care and medical care technique. They also felt very tired physically, but refreshed by being free from daily HMV care for a short time and enjoying their own time. The parents were not satisfied with the present house facilities and education system. They evaluated the induction of HMV positively but were most anxious for a better home care nursing system, doctors responding to a house call, more information on HMV, reduction of their anxieties and fatigue, and improvement of economical and educational environments.View full abstractDownload PDF (756K) -
Yasuko Kobayashi, Soichiro Tanaka, Akira Onuma2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe experienced five cases of developmentally retarded children with “bottle feeding dependency”, that is, refusal against entry of purees or solid foods into the mouth. All five cases had moderate to severe mental retardations (DQ: 17-37). No abnormal oral reflexes or functions were present. All had been bottle fed and rejected any purees or solid foods for a long period by turning the head, hiding the face or struggling to avoid being fed. Finally we attempted to force them to eat. Despite their initial refusal, small amounts of pureed food was forcedly pushed into their mouth. As a result, their rejecting behavior was overcome in two or three days, and food intake into the mouth markedly improved within one week. It is suspected that the rejecting behavior does not always represent aversion for solid food. We also found that termination of bottle-feeding was effective the transition to eating. Our experience indicates that forced feeding can overcome the rejecting behavior and prolonged “bottle feeding dependency” in children with developmental retardation.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Sangmi Chang, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Ikuya Nonaka, Haruko Tsukamoto, Mariko ...2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 159-164
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report three patients with sporadic merosin-positive congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) with torticollis and/or developmental dislocation of the hip in early childhood. Diagnosis of merosin-positive CMD was based on their clinical and dystrophic muscle biopsy findings. At the age 13 months, patient 1 was found to have developmental dislocation of both hips, which was surgically treated at 5 years. Patient 2 had severe torticollis and contracture of both hip joints which had been present since the neonatal period, and underwent repair of the torticollis at 2 years. Patient 3 was found to have developmental dislocation of the left hip at one month of age. Although she had generalized muscle hypotonia she learned to walk at 23 months. She had no facial muscle involvement nor contracture of joints, but had hyperlaxity of distal joints. Her muscle biopsy showed complete collagen VI deficiency immunohistochemically. In contrast to merosin-deficient CMD, merosin-positive CMD appears to be a group of heterogeneous diseases. Since collagen VI was reported to be defective in Ullrich's disease, patient 3 may be diagnosed as having Ullrich's disease but had no typical clinical characteristics of the disease. Further study is needed to identify the pathogenetic mechanism of congenital muscular dystrophy with early joint abnormalities to determine whether there is a primary abnormality of the connective tissue including collagen VI.View full abstractDownload PDF (5878K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 165-167
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2003 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 167-170
Published: March 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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