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Volume 24 (1982)
- Issue 4 Pages 165-
- Issue 3 Pages 111-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
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Volume 24, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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YOSHIHARU HIGUCHI1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 165-173
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to examine a free operant successive discrimination reversal learning, where S+ and S-were presented alternately, using three-year-old Japanese monkeys. The experiment indicated that the results of free operant successive discrimination reversal were similar to those of discrete simultaneous discrimination reversal; subjects showed Progressive Improvement (PI) as reversals were repeated. This PI can probably be ascribed to the formation of the discrimination reversal learning set and this was shown by the results of two kinds of post-discrimination generalization tests and decrements of responses to S-as discrimination advanced.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
TAKESHI SUGIMURA1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 174-180
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne hundred and twenty-eight kindergarten children were trained on an identity or an oddity task with color and form dimensions to 6/6 or 6/6+30 correct responses and then tested on the transfer task with the same rule-different dimension (S-D task) or the task with the different rule-same dimension (D-S task). When the subjects were trained to 6/6 correct responses and on the oddity rule, the D-S transfer task was learned faster than the S-D task. When the subjects were trained to 6/6+30 correct responses and on the identity rule, the two tasks were learned almost at the same rate. The findings were explained by taking account of the strength of rule and dimensional responses learned in the original task and of the property of the rule learned, and were discussed in relation to the rule and the attention models of relational learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
SACHIO NAKAMIZO, KOICHI SHIBUTA, MAKOTO NOGUCHI1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 181-187
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was conducted with three subjects to examine the relation between the initial convergence level and disparity vergence. Magnitudes of vergence movements were measured by the photo-electric method when target stimuli with 2° or 4° retinal disparity were presented for various exposure durations (100-900 ms) to the eyes directed to an initial fixation stimulus located in the mid-sagittal plane with convergence angles of 3.1°, 6.2°, or 12.4°. The obtained results showed that as the initial convergence angle decreases, the magnitude of vergence response decreases in the divergent direction, but not in the convergent direction; this asymmetrical effect is clear only in longer exposure durations, that is, in those of at least 300 ms or more. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed in the context of the underlying processes of disparity vergence movements.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
HARUYO HAMA, HISAYO MINE, YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 188-194
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was performed to test the effects of contralateral counterirritation on itching produced by application to the skin of Japanese yam. Each of 22 subjects were exposed to all four of the following conditions: itch-stimulus plus counterirritation, itch-stimulus without counterirritation, placebo plus counterirritation, and placebo without counterirritation. Japanese yam was applied to palmar side of the subject's left forearm. The counterirritation consisted of a 20-s immersion of the right hand into a 10°C water bath. The experiment consisted of application (200 s), pre-treatment (200 s), treatment (counterirritation), and post-treatment (200 s) period. The measures were self-ratings in itching and a change in volume of dermal blood flow (DBF) near the stimulus. As for self-ratings, the itching produced by application of yam was reduced by contralateral counterirritation. The DBF levels were increased more by yam than by placebo during the period about 7 min after application, and it was decreased extremely by counterirritation. This result suggests that itch reduction by contralateral counterirritation (cold water) could be attributed to the decline of DBF levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
YOSHIHISA HAMAMURA1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 195-199
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of punishment on gastric lesions induced by cold water stress. Rats were restricted in tubes with metal biting targets and exposed to cold water stress for 48 hours under following conditions. 1) Animals in Punishment group were punished by the electric shock for their biting responses. 2) Animals in Yoked-control group received the electric shock independently of their own biting responses, but whenever animals in the Punishment group were punished. 3) Animals in Biting group were allowed to bite the targets, but received no shock. 4) No target was provided for animals in Control group which then received no shock. The Punishment group showed significantly less stomach lesions than the other three groups. It is concluded that the stress-induced gastric lesions were attenuated by the punishment for biting responses, probably by means of exercising some controllability over punitive shock through passive avoidance.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
TAKASHI OHSHIMA1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 200-210
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubjects could move an “imaginary probe” actively by using keys of a computer-controlled typewriter to explore hidden patterns on an imaginary matrix. They received information about whether the probe was on the pattern or not. The task was to catch the pattern as quickly and correctly as possible. Strategy, redundancy and errors in exploration were investigated using 3 × 3 binary matrix patterns (Experiment 1) and line figures on a 5 × 5 dot-matrix (Experiment 2). Though subjects could apparently construct spatial images of the patterns in performing the task, the process was strongly dependent on the sequence of feedback information, and the figural factor of goodness or symmetry did not show evident effects on the performance. Similarities of the process to the tactual perception are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
Modification of Nakatani's modelHIROSHI HOJO1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 211-215
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA modification of Nakatani's model (Nakatani, 1972, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 9, 104-127) is proposed, in which stimulus Si and response Ri are represented as a common point in a multidimensional space. When Si is presented, the distances between Si and all the responses are perturbed by an identical error process. If the distance between Si and Rj is below the response threshold tj, Rj is acceptable. The observer chooses a response from among the acceptable responses according to a choice probability distribution. The advantages over the original are a great reduction in computing time, incorporation of the INDSCAL model, and use of the maximum likelihood estimation procedure, but the fit of the proposed model is slightly worse than Nakatani's original model. An application to a letter recognition data revealed that relative importance of the differences in shape of the lower part of letters (C, E, F, G, P, and R) to that of the right or left part of them increased as display times were increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Time course analysis of sentence productionHIROSHI NAGATA1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 216-221
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe temporal patterns of utterances obtained by Nagata (1981) for the three types of syntactic structures, a VX (or VSO) type of language with prepositional markers (VX-Pre), VX with postpositional markers (VX-Post), and a type for which word order and the position of markers were randomly placed (Mixed), were analyzed by a latency measurement apparatus to relate the duration of pause time to the processing of the three types of structures. The results showed that:(1) differing patterns of time course for the three groups were found, indicating the presence of different processing units;(2) while greater production time for VX-Post and Mixed derived primarily from pause duration among constituents of a sentence, it tended to derive also from the production duration of the constituents. The difference in production time as an index of processing load is interpreted as reflecting a varying degree of syntactic and/or semantic processing involved in organizing the sentences.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
YASUHARU OKAMOTO1982 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 222-224
Published: March 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFalmagne (1968) and Lupker and Theios (1977) investigated the fixed-point property of the two-state model for the choice reaction time. In the present study, this fixed-point property was tested for the simple reaction time. The experimental results supported the two-state model proposed by Okamoto (1981).View full abstractDownload PDF (139K)
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