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Volume 35 (1993)
- Issue 4 Pages 161-
- Issue 3 Pages 107-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 35, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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REIZO KOIZUMI, KAORU MATSUO1993 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: July 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research examined longitudinally over one year attitudinal and motivational changes of 296 Japanese 7th-grade students learning English. Levels of student's interest and emotion, study habits, perceived utility of English and familiarity with English-speaking people, as well as degree of parental encouragement, and self-rated attainment all decreased from the beginning of the school year until the third or seventh month, being followed by a stabilizing trend after those periods. Student's goals became realistic after the learning for one year. Students with initially high English ability performed better and showed more positive attitudes and motivation than those with initially low ability, whereas the former were suggested to be more vulnerable to the junior high school environment than the latter. Girls had higher scores than boys in most attitudinal and motivational variables, although girls had a lower expectancy of their own performance than boys in the goal-setting area. Instrumental and integrative types of motivation in learning English were not differentiated in the students' perceptions at the beginning of their English education in the seventh grade.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
AKIHITO SONODA, HISASHI HIRAI1993 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 12-18
Published: July 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment examined whether or not predictability over food acquisition eliminated the impairment of subsequent escape performance which otherwise resulted from loss of control over food acquisition. For the predictable/controllable (P/C) and the yoked predictable/uncontrollable (P/UC) groups, given a required response by the P/C rats during pretreatment, a 1.5-s tone was followed by food. For the unpredictable /controllable (UP/C) and the yoked unpredictable/uncontrollable (UP/UC) groups, the tone was randomly presented during pretreatment. Results of the number of failures on the disk-pull shock-escape test indicated that the P/UC group showed the same superior performance as the P/C, UP/C, and naive control groups, which differed significantly from the UP/UC group. This modulating effect of a predictive signal is hypothesized to be due to an overshadowing of predictability upon uncontrollability.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
A case for four-factor measurement modelKAORU KUROSAWA1993 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 19-31
Published: July 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA four-factor scale was proposed for measurement of self-monitoring tendency. Conformity data of 95 Japanese students in the Asch/Crutchfield paradigm were analyzed using its subscales: social sensitivity, other-directedness, acting ability, and persona variability. Conformity pressure level (whether the preceding four or two ‘others’ unanimously picked a wrong choice) and other-directedness interacted: under high pressure, the higher the other-directedness, the more conforming responses. Also, under low pressure, conformity of those high on other-directedness was significantly lower than under high pressure, but there was no such difference for those low. Persona variability and gender interactively determined judgmental reaction time, as well as responses on a few post-experimental questions. The results indicated usefulness of the proposed four-factor measurement model. Further improvement of the scale through factor analytical methods and construct validation is recommended.View full abstractDownload PDF (996K) -
SACHIYO TANAKA1993 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 32-35
Published: July 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate effects of information concerning the value of being successful in given tasks on 68 preschool children's (38 boys and 30 girls) choice of the tasks. Jigsaw puzzles with three levels of difficulty were used as the tasks for children to choose from. Half of the five-year old children were given the information concerning the value of success in each task difficulty level. Under the no-information condition, children tended to choose the easy puzzle, while those under the information condition tended to choose the more difficult one. It was concluded that value-of-success information changed children's choice from an easy to a more difficult task. Implications of the results were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
KAZUHISA TAKEMURA1993 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 36-40
Published: July 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of decision frame, decision justification on risky choice. Subjects were 158 men and women. The results were as follows.(1) In the condition where no justification was requested, a framing effect (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981) was observed: Most of the subjects chose the riskless option when decision options were phrased positively in terms of gains, whereas most of the subjects chose the risky option when options were phrased negatively in terms of losses.(2) However, in the condition where justification was requested, the framing effect was not observed: Most of the subjects showed a consistent choice pattern.(3) The subjects in the justification-requested condition tended to choose risky option more often than the subjects in the no justification-requested condition did.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
TETSU MIYAOKA, TADAAKI MANO1993 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
Published: July 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been shown that the degree of vibrotactile adaptation is smaller on the middle finger tip than on the palm, and that it is greater when measured with a small contactor than with a large contactor. We produced a mathematical model to illustrate these phenomena. All experimental results could be simulated with the model on the basis of the following hypotheses:(1) that the accumulated discharge density of mechanoreceptive units depended on the site of stimulation and the size of the contactor;(2) that the discharge threshold of a mechanoreceptive unit was higher in post-adaptation than in pre-adaptation;(3) that the slope of stimulus-discharge function was gentler in post-adaptation than in pre-adaptation.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K)
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