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Volume 16 (1974)
- Issue 4 Pages 143-
- Issue 3 Pages 99-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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SHOJI KAKIGI, MASAAKI MIYAZAKI, TOSHIAKI MORI1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 143-148
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of horizontal and vertical eye movements upon human visual evoked responses were investigated in Experiments 1 and 2. Results showed that both horizontal and vertical eye movements have no effect upon the averaged evoked response. The effects of eye blink were examined in Experiment 3.Eye blink increased Amplitudes C (P2-N2) and D (N2-P3) of the averaged evoked response, but had little effects on Amplitudes A (N1-P1) and B (P1-N2).View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
JUNJI KOMAKI1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 149-156
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2 groups of 3 Japanese monkeys were given 3 training blocks of either 20 successive discrimination reversals (SRT group) or overtraining of comparable trials (OT group) with WGTA. 2-trial problems were given on 3 stages and LS problems on the last stage of training. The development of choice strategies due to these trainings was assessed. SRT group was significantly superior to OT group in 2-trial as well as LS problems. This superiority was observed in both of baited and unbaited problems and revealed better learning of “winstay” and “lose-shift” strategies. OT group exhibited no improvement in “lose-shift” behavior. Conditions for strategy learning and discrepancies of this and the other studies were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K) -
TOSHIAKI TACHIBANA1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 157-161
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Ss were 30 female albino rats. After the test of eating in their home cages (home cage test), the first test was run under 2 conditions for 3 min in an unfamiliar test box: Ss were placed alone or placed with a demonstrator which ate rice grains successively. After this test, they were adapted to the test box, and were tested again (re-test). The results indicated that in the first test, the number of rice grains consumed by the paired group was greater than that by the solitary group. Moreover, the Ss of the paired group showed the shorter latencies of eating the first rice grains, and less defecation and/or urination. However, these differences were not found in the home cage test and in the retest.View full abstractDownload PDF (324K) -
SHIZUHIKO NISHISATO, HIROTSUGU YAMAUCHI1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 162-170
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study compared principal components of the variance-covariance matrix V and those of the corresponding correlation matrix R, and identified 2 contributors to the discrepancies between the 2 sets of principal components; the dispersion of the variances of the variables σ(v) and the dispersion of the differences of the corresponding eigenvalues of V and R, σ(λ-λ*). Although both contribute independently to the discrepancies, the effect of σ(v) overrides that of σ(λ-λ*). The similarity of eigenvalues does not necessarily mean the similarity of the corresponding components, or vice versa. Instead, if the variances are homogeneous, the components of V and R tend to be very similar, even though the eigenvalues may be vastly different. It was suggested that V be used if reasonable units of measurement are known, and that R be used otherwise. In the latter case, it is consoling that the first principal component of R is more informative than that of V.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
KEIICHIRO TSUJI, YOKO IDE1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 171-178
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBilateral transfer effect in the mirror-tracing task was examined for 7 age groups. Each group contained 20 Ss of mean age 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 21, 32, respectively. A group of Ss was tested twice with the nonpreferred hand and was divided into matched groups, according to the averaged time score. Ss were tested again with the nonpreferred hand for 6 trials, after 16 trials with the preferred hand in the experimental group and after a 15-minute rest in the control group, respectively. Performance of the preferred hand initially differed among age groups, but the difference disappeared as the trials proceeded. B a comparison of learning curves of the nonpreferred hand between experimental and control groups, it was clearly shown that the gain of performance was remarkable between the second and the third trials in the experimental group. Thus, the bilateral transfer effect was demonstrated for all of the 7 age groups. The amount of positive transfer was 50% in the 8-year group and was reduced to 20% in the 12-and 14-year groups, keeping a constant level of 25% thereafter.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
KEIKO TAKAHASHI1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 179-185
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopmental changes in objects and modes of dependent behavior were examined in 766 female adolescents and young adults. A quenstionnaire consisting of 24 statements each describing a desire for concrete dependent behavior and a 16-item Dependency SCT were presented. The findings indicate that adolescents and young adults have a strong dependency motive and that this remains constant. Changes of dependency objects with an increase in age were clearly observed. Adolescents and young adults continued to have strong emotional ties with their mother. The closest friend of the same sex, less important for junior-high school girls, became the most important object in high schoolers, but among college students it was not so important again and the importance of love object increased as Ss grew.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 186-196
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOphthalmographic determination was made under 5 tone intensities. Analysis of variance showed significant results for personality, task-complexity and their interaction, and intensity. Effects of personality and intensity were independent in visual tracking (not sensitivity), suggesting a difference between peripheral and central phenomena. Simple fixation deteriorated under each intensity in introverts, but improved in extraverts. In ambiverts, it improved under medium intensity only. Complex tracking improved under most intensities in introverts only. Introverts' fixation was inferior to ambiverts and extraverts at all intensities, while complex tracking was superior to extraverts. Significant correlations indicated: the more extraverted the S, the greater the improvement in simple fixation; the more introverted the S, the greater the improvement in complex tracking. Results supported the proposed hypotheses.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K) -
TAKESHI SHIMOYAMA1974 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 197-204
Published: December 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn objective measure for assessment of achievement motivation conceived as a resultant tendency of the tendencies to achieve success and avoid failure was developed for students of junior and senior high schools and a college, and the relationships of achievement motivation with students performance of 3 tasks of anagram which varied in difficulty (easy, moderate, and hard) were examined for junior high school pupils. Main results obtained were as follows;(1) Factor structures of achievement motivation tended to change from unidimensional to multidimensional through development from junior high school age to college age.(2) Although positive relations were obtained, on the whole, between achievement motivations and task performances, some exceptional results which somewhat fitted with Yerkes-Dodson law were shown in S with the highest motivation on the intermediate task.(3) In Ss with moderately high motivations, results consistent with Atkinson's theory on the relationship between performances and task difficulties were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K)
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