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Volume 23 (1981)
- Issue 4 Pages 175-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 23, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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HIROSHI NAGATA1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 175-183
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe correlation between word order and pre- and postpositional markers (Greenberg, 1963) was examined using a VX (or VSO) type of language with prepositional markers (VX-Pre), a VX with postpositional markers (VX-Post), and a third condition (Mixed) in which word order and the position of markers were randomly placed. The response variable was the time needed to describe reference situations presented. The results showed that the description time increased from VX-Pre through VX-Post to Mixed, demonstrating that less cognitive load was imposed on subjects in VX-Pre than on subjects in VX-Post, and this in turn than on subjects in Mixed. The results were discussed in terms of the principle of natural serialization (Venneman, 1974, 1975).View full abstractDownload PDF (3084K) -
YASUHARU OKAMOTO1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 184-190
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments of simple reaction time (RT) were carried out, and a two-state model was proposed. Three and eight undergraduate students served as subjects in Experiments I and II, respectively. In earlier experiments, Okamoto (1980) showed that optimum foreperiod (FP) depends on FP's used and on relative frequencies of these FP's. In Experiment I in this article, the author showed that RT depends also on the FP in the preceding trial, and in Experiment II, he showed that the use of a warning signal had no statistically significant effects on RT. Based on these results, a two-state model of simple reaction time was proposed. This model has the following two major assumptions:(a) The subject occupies one of two states, the prepared and not-prepared states (abbreviated as Sp and Snp). When the subject is in Sp (or in Snp), his RT is short (or long).(b) The probability that the subject enters into Sp from Snp at time t depends on the FP in the preceding trial. This model fits qualitatively to the fact that (a) there is the optimum FP and (b) mean RT depends on the FP in the preceding trial.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
KENNICHI OHBUCHI1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 191-195
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to examine if equity or recency of attack is a more powerful factor in determining magnitude of retaliation. Twenty-two Japanese male university students were asked to compete with male opponents for reaction time. Then, based upon their performance, the subjects were electrically attacked by the opponents either in an increasing shock pattern or a decreasing shock pattern, with the averaged shock level held constant. After receiving attack, the subjects were allowed to retaliate by delivering shocks to the opponents. The recency hypothesis predicted that the subjects would retaliate more intensely in the increasing attack condition than in the decreasing condition. However, the results favoured the equity view in that the subjects' total shock delivery was almost equal in both conditions. Unexpectedly, the subjects rated the opponents who had decreased attack as more malicious than those who had increased it.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
HARUYO HAMA, HIROSHI MINE, YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 196-202
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to compare the affective reactions aroused by tactile and visual stimuli. Eight textured tactile surfaces and 20 visual surfaces were rated on 22 7-point semantic scales by 100 undergraduate students in Experiments I and II, respectively. Factor analyses of ratings were carried out separately in the two experiments. In both experiments, three corresponding factors were identified as “like-dislike”, “tension-relaxation”, and “hesitation-daring”. Factor scores of the tactile and visual stimuli showed very similar configurations in relation to the roughness of the texture. These results indicate that affective reactions to texture are very similar in both modalities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1391K) -
SHIGEO KASHIWAGI1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 203-212
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new criterion to estimate the number of factors in multiple factor analysis was proposed, based on the mathematical relationships between the principle of the linear regression analysis passing through the origin and that of the minres factor analysis by Harman (1976). The criterion is the beta coefficient for the linear regression line defined by the elements in each of the original and the reproduced correlation matrices, and it is obtained with the increase of the number of factors. Numerical examples are presented and some supplemental issues are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
MASATO ITO1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 213-218
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMonkeys were exposed to a modified schedule of differential reinforcement of long latency in which a sample duration was presented prior to each response. Monkeys received food following response latencies longer than the sample duration. Spaced responding was well described by a power function. A differentiation of spaced responding for two different sample durations was established by setting upper limits to the reinforced latency and introducing an “over” signal for latencies longer than the upper limit. This result indicates that precise control of each sample duration over spaced responding was established under the present procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
TAKASHI TANAKA1981 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 219-223
Published: March 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was designed to examine the effects of instruction specifying the receivers, arrangement of stimulus figures, and the number of critical features on redundancy of a message. The experiment was carried out in the situation in which receivers of messages were not present in front of the senders. The results revealed that messages were less redundant when the characteristics of the receivers were known to the senders, and that the senders referred to more features as critical features increased. These were interpreted that redundancy of a message tended to be adjusted according to the situation in which the message was produced.View full abstractDownload PDF (322K)
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