The immunologice nvironmento f the fetus and maternal relationshipss till remained to be littleclarified. The individual'sd evelopmentb eforea nd after birth, immunologicafla ctorsa nd the relationship betweenm other and fetus shouldb e investigatedn ot only by gynecologistbsu t also by thosei n all other branches of medicine.
Pediatriciansh ave undertakeni nvestigationasn d reported their findingso n the immunologyo f the fetus and the relationshipb etweenm other and fetus retrospectively.M oreover, m any experimentaal nd laboratorys tudiesh ave been reportedi n regard to immunologicin vestigationosf animale mbryos. Here we list in order these experimentall, aboratorya nd clinicalr eportsi ncludingo ur resultso n feto-maternal immunologyin a bibliographyto indicate in what directioni mmunologicin vestigationasr e headinga nd what mattersa re most important in the investigationo f human fetal immunologyin the near future

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Studies were performed to clarify whether SFD could attend to the normal level after birth with referenceto their behavioralo r mentala ctivity. SFDw asi nducedw ith the microspheres method at the 18th day of gestation in rats. After birth, mental activity was checked by the conditioned avoidancee xperimenta nd the spontaneousm otility experiment. DNA synthesisr ate of the brain was measuredb y 3H-thymidineu ptake, and the autoradiographyw as also undertakent o examinew hat cells incorporate3 H-thymidine. At the term, body weighta nd brain weighto f SFD rats were about 15% and 14% smaller than those of the control, respectively. The behavioral activity of SFD reached the normal level at the 5th week, b ut the successfulr ate of avoidancea ctivityr eachedt he normall evela t the 14th weeko r later. BrainD NAs ynthesisra te of SFDr eachedt he maximuma t the 14thd ay, on the contrary, the normal group could attain at the maximum at the 10th day. The same tendency was also observed in autoradiographice xaminationT. hese resultss uggestt hat, the experimentallyin duced SFD rats are inferior to the normal rats in both somatic and mental growth throughout the developmental stage until adult, especiallyin mental ability

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Culture of amniotic fluid cells is indispensable to the diagnosis of fetal genetic disorders. But, most of the procedures reported have been time consuming and have had relatively low success rate. In this study, factors influencing on amniotic fluid cell growth in culture were clarified and their optimum conditions were examined.
On the bases of the results obtained, a successful culture method using maternal serum was established.
Sanguineous samples were treated with hypotonic solusion in order to eliminate undesirable action of contaminating blood cells. Fathermore, in the cases of glossly bloody tap, fetal karyotyping was successfully made by using fetal lymphocytes from placental puncture.
In order to obtain optimum numbers of cells for chromosome analysis, chromosome preparations were made by in situ method without trypsinization, and a half-drying fixation method prior to fixatives was developed to prevent the mitotic cells from being detached.
From these experimental results, the success rate was improved and the time taken to make chromosome preparations was shortened. As a result, prenatal diagnosis using amniotic fluid cells became more reliable and rapid in practice

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Synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), 100μg was administered intramuscularly to patients with variety of diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Plasma LH and FSH were measured by RIA using double antibody method, in which 2nd IRP-HMG was employed as standard reference preparation. After the administration of LH-RH, plasma LH and FSH values changed characteristically in hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal diseases. Then the patients with 1st grade amenorrhea and 2nd grade amenorrhea were examined individually. The results suggest that in 1st grade amenorrhea there are both hypothalamic and gonadal hypofunctional amenorrhea, and in 2nd grade amenorrhea there are hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal hypofunctional amenorrhea. Therefore, LH-RH test is able to correctly classify the patients with amenorrhea so that appropriate therapy for the specific condition can be instituted

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Developmental and characteristic features of immune capacity was studied throughout the period of fetus, newborn, infant and child. The study was conducted using two different methods: Micromethod using whole blood and lymphocytes subpopulation separated for evaluating lymphocyte responses to Phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
The results were obtained as follows:
(1) Lymphocyte response per 50μl whole blood to PHA stimulation throughout the fetal life until childhood is about twice as that of adult. And the high response falled to normal range of adult around 5 years of age.
(2) Reactivity of lymphocytes separated from cord blood to PHA stimulation was lower than that of from adult one.
(3) PHA reactive cells in cord blood were separated significantly more in the heavier fraction than in the lighter one.
However, the difference between both fractions in cord blood was not so marked as the difference between the two groups in adult one.
(4) Higher lymphocyte and adherent cell count per unit blood volume throughout fetal life until childhood was recognized than those of adult.
In conclusion, it was postulated that functional immaturity of lymphocytes in perinatal periods as mentioned above was well compensated by the increased count of lymphocytes and adherent cells

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The synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) was injected intravenously in a dose of 200μg to test the gonadotropin reserve function of the anterior pituitary to respond to LRF with a release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in 21 healthy regularly menstruating women, 24 anovulatory patients, 14 pregnant women and 20 puerperal women. Venous blood was obtained at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, minutes after LRF injection and assayed for LH and FSH by double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA).
All the women with normal menstrual cycles responded to LRF with a significant increase of LH and FSH, and a more positive pituitary responsiveness to LRF was observed in the preovulatory phase compared with that seen in the other phases of menstrual cycle.
Anovulatory patients with estrogenic activity responded to LRF with approximately the same increase of LH and FSH as the women in the early follicular phase or luteal phase.
Anovulatory patients without estrogenic activity were classified in the following 3 groups by the endoclinological examination; primary (ovarian), secondary (pituitary) and tertiary (hypothalamic) hypogonadism. The response patterns of LH and FSH of the 3 groups were very different.
In the patients with primary hypogonadism, a greater pituitary responsiveness to LRF was observed than that seen in the other two groups.
In the patients with secondary hypogonadism, basal LH and FSH levels were very low and were unchanged after LRF injection.
In the patients with tertiary hypogonadism, the same degree of pituitary responsiveness to LRF as the early follicular phase or luteal phase was observed, but it was less than that seen in the patients with primary hypogonadism.
From these results, it might be concluded that, the LRF test should be useful for the differential diagnosis of the lesion of anovulation as well as for the test of reserve function of the anterior pituitary in anovulatory patients.
In pregnant women, the basal levels of LH and FSH were very low and no pituitary response was observed, so it might be concluded that gonadotropic function of the anterior pituitary is suppressed by an unknown mechanism during pregnancy.
As for puerperal women, the basal LH and FSH levels were very low and no responsiveness of the anterior pituitary to LRF was observed in the 1st week puerperal women, but after that the pituitary responsiveness to LRF gradually returned to normal. These results indicate that the gonadotropic func tion of the pituitary gland is suppressed by residual gonadal steroids or HCG during the first few postpartum weeks, but response to LRF recovers gradually with a disappearance of these hormones. Moreover, it might be concluded that puerperal anovulation and amenorrhea is due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction during the first few weeks of puerperium and due to hypothalamic disorders after the 5th postpartum week

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A case of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, in a 61 years old woman, is presented together with the result of cytologic and light microscopic examinations.
A verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was extremely rare and unique, because of verrucous growth pattern, destructive locally and the lack of metastasis. Review of the English and Japanese literature revealed 16 reported cases of the verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. These carcinomas were difficult to be differentiated, histologically and cytologically, from benign squamous papillary tumors. In the present case, we could not find any cytological characteristics of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
This patient was treated by radiation- and chemo-therapy under the diagnosis of the cervical carcinoma T3bNxM0 with good result

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Malignant transformation of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary are relatively rare. Since the first report of Forget in 1845, Peterson collected 227 cases in 1957. Climie & Heath reviewed the literature since Peterson's publication and collected 43 cases in 1968. Since then, l l cases have been reported in the Western literature. In Japan, 47 cases have been reported (37 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 adenocarcinomas, a carcinoid and a sarcoma). In the present paper, two such cases are described: one is adenocarcinoma and the other squamous cell carcinoma.
Case 1. A 62-year old female, gravida 2, para 2, was hospitalized on March 12, 1976 because of a large pelvic mass. Under the clinical diagnosis of a giant ovarian cyst, simle total hysterectomy with both adnexectomy was performed on March 16, 1976. The specimen consisted of a giant cystic tumor weighing 15 Kg and replacing the left ovary. The tumor contained yellow sebaceous materials, hairs and bones, and the papillary growths were protruding from the wall. Microscopically, adenocarcinoma was identified in the papillary growths. She was treated with chemotherapeutic agents (FAMT) after surgery and is now being followed up in our clinic.
Case 2. A-67-year old female, gravida 4, para 4, suffering from a hard pelvic mass with swelling of the inguinal lymphnode, was hospitalized on April 20, 1976. Under the clinical diagnosis of a malignant ovarian tumor with uterine myoma, both adnexectomy, sigmoid resection and colostomy were performed on April 12, 1976. The specimen consisted of an adult head sized solid tumor with cystic parts arising in the right ovary. The tumor contained yellow sebaceous materials, hairs and bones. Metastases were seen in the left ovary, sigmoid colon, omentum major, peritoneum and regional lymphnodes. Microscopically, invasive squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ and dysplasia were identified in the solid areas of the tumor. She died of the cardiac failure on May 29, 1976

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