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Volume 21, Issue 9
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Nobuyuki MATSUI, Eiichi BAMBA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 887-892
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA problem of ‘the fraction of attention; f’ is considered on the basis of the optimal control model of human response (OCM) incorporated with psychological limitations of the human as well as physiological ones.
To introduce psycological phenomena into the OCM, firstly, the f-dependence of Kalman gains and transfer functions of human response is derived. Secondly, a psychological space model for the fraction of attention is tentatively described by catastrophe theory. Finally, numerical results of one dimensional model are demonstrated for the purpose of supporting the validation of method presented in this paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (813K) -
Hirohito OHTSUKA, Tomiji HISAMURA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 893-899
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reachability problem of a marked graph (MG), an important subclass of Petri net, is extended to that of a time marked graph (TMG), in which each transition has a processing time to reflect a time dependency of a real dynamical system. Notions of stationary and transient markings are newly defined to describe this problem strictly, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the reachability of TMG are derived by transforming this problem to an equivalent submarking reachability problem. An executing algorithm for the firing sequence is also shown with an illustrating example.View full abstractDownload PDF (862K) -
Masayuki KAWAMATA, Masami IWATSUKI, Tatsuo HIGUCHI1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 900-906
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, balanced realizations in linear systems have been proposed from the viewpoint of controllability and observability measure of the state-space. They have been extended to various linear systems such as time-variant systems and a class of 2-dimensional systems, and have been applied to model reduction. However, basic properties of balanced realizations have not been investigated so far. On the other hand, system sensitivities are important measures to compare realization structures.
This paper shows that balanced realizations in discrete-time linear systems are derived as minimum sensitivity structures. The statistical sensitivity of linear state-space systems is proposed and represented by the controllability and observability Grammians. It is shown that the statistical sensitivity depends on realization structures. The statistical sensitivity is minimized, and minimum sensitivity stuctures are obtained via equivalent transformations. The class of minimum sensitivity structures includes balanced realizations as a special case.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Izumi HANAZAKI, Kageo AKIZUKI1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 907-913
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the state estimation by sampled data of the linear continuous-time stochastic systems, we can use the discretized Kalman Filter which is the discrete model of the continuous Kalman Filter and the discrete Kalman Filter to the discrete model of the continuous systems. These filters give us different estimated values, because the discretized Kalman Filter is not equal to the discrete Kalman Filter.
In this paper, the difference between state estimations by the discretized Kalman Filter and the discrete Kalman Filter is studied through the estimation error variance. Further, it is shown that the discrete Kalman Filter to the discrete model which has the equivalent statistical property to the continuous system at sampling points gives the unbiased estimation and makes E{x-x)T(x-x)} minimum.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
Seizo FUJII, Naoki MIZUNO1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 914-920
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the design method of discrete time model reference adaptive control system for linear time invariant plant with unknown deterministic disturbances.
It is assumed that the disturbances are described by the polynomial function of time and/or the output of the stable autonomous system with known order and unknown coefficients.
In the proposed method, the effect of the disturbances are decoupled from the plant output by an adaptive controller with integrators which is designed for the non-minimal plant model.
In this paper, first, the non-minimal plant model which includes the dynamics of the disturbance described by the output of the stable autonomous system is derived and an adaptive controller with integrators is designed for the plant model. Next, the stability and the property of the proposed adaptive control system is discussed.
Finally, the result of computer simulation of the adaptive control system applied to a second order plant with both rampwise and sinusoidal disturbances is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Akira INOUE, Mitsuaki ISHITOBI, Zenta IWAI, Hidekatsu TOKUMARU1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 921-927
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper gives a proof of the stability of discrete-time model reference adaptive control systems (MRACS) including filters with arbitrarily assigned poles by using Schauder's fixed point theorem. The MRACS uses an adjusting law derived from least square method with forgetting factor, which is less sensitive to measurement noise than other adjusting laws. Also, in order to reduce the influence of the noise, the scheme in this paper is extended to include filters with arbitrarily assigned poles, whereas schemes by other authors have filters with poles at zero. The stability of the MRACS with filters having assigned poles has not yet been proved and the proving method given by Goodwin and others which succeeded to prove stability of other schemes of MRACS cannot be applied to MRACS of this paper. This paper gives a new method of proving of the stability by using Schauder's fixed point theorem. The results of an experiment using a thermal system with 2nd order show the effect of assigned poles in filters.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K) -
Keiji WATANABE1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 928-933
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a new scheme of a linear predictor control of systems with delay in input. This is an extension of the Y-type servomechanism to a delay system. The main advantage is that good responses to both reference inputs and disturbances are obtained for systems with large delay and having no self-regulation in contrast with a conventional predictor control.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Guag-yi CAO, Hideaki KANOH1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 934-941
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper studies the root loci of tubular, parallel-flow and counter-flow heat exchangers controlled by a proportional feedback and clarifies the effect of a wall to heat exchanger dynamics. One of features of heat exchangers with a thick wall is that it's transfer function has an essential singular point on the negative real axis and in the vicinity of which infinite number of root loci appear.
In a tubular heat exchanger, the effect of a wall is represented in the neibourhood of the essential singular point by the shape of the root loci which is divided into two types depending on the values of parameters. As the thickness of the wall increases, the root loci relating to the singular point become to cross the imaginary axis at low frequency and low gain, which causes a serious unstable problem. The model for which the distribution of the wall temperature in the radial direction is considered has infinite number of essential singular points on the negative real axis, while a model with uniform wall temperature has a unique one. As the thickness of the wall increases, the distance between the singular points becomes small and difference between the two models becomes large. The latter model estimates too large stable region.
In parallel-flow and counter-flow heat exchangers, the effect of the wall appears as deformation of the root loci of the model with a thin wall rather than as issue of the root loci from the essential singular point: i. e. an appearance of a breakaway point for parallel-flow heat exchanger and a bend of root loci to the imaginary axis for the counter-flow heat exchanger which may cause instability. For thick wall, the model with uniform wall temperature estimates too large stable region and it is serious particularly for the counter-flow heat exchanger.View full abstractDownload PDF (1027K) -
Takashi MORIYAMA, Tadashi MATSUYAMA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 942-946
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMoved bed gravity flow of solid is required for coal gasifier, metal ore direct reduction furnace, gas phase coal liquifier, etc. as energy conservation. Such a process is high pressure and or high temperature process and required for multi loop injection feeder.
The authors developed a new noise flow meter for the process based on the authors' test and the prediction.
The measuring method is an noninstrusive method using the simple lean noise sensors and sensing technique without sensing hole on the gravity flow pipe.
The conclusion of the authors' test is that noise pressure level on 8kHz by C characteristics is suitable for the mass flow control without back ground noise calibration.
Space filtering of the signal or cross correlation method of signal is more suitable for sensing technique.
The sensor and senting technique is suitable for solid particle velocity meter of two phase transport pipe.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Muneyuki YOSHIOKA, Yoshinobu MORIKAWA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 947-952
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the design technique of pressure instrument line systems in time domain.
By using the linear transmission line theory, following results are obtained. i) When the reflection coefficient at the sending point of line, m1, is equal to zero, the step response of the system does not overshoot. ii) The response waveform of the above system can be easily calculated. iii) The non-reflection condition m1=0 is approximately satisfid when the characteristic resistance of line is equal to the linearized resistance of choking nozzle at the sending point of line. iv) The delay time of the step response decreases effectively as the inner radius of line increases and the cavity volume decreases.
The pressure instrument line systems are designed on the basis of the above results and the characteristics of these systems are evaluated by the experiment to negative step input using air as the operating fluid. As a consequence, the agreement between analytical and experimental responses is relatively good.View full abstractDownload PDF (889K) -
Toshiharu KAGAWA, Ato KITAGAWA, Kazushi SANADA, Toshio TAKENAKA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 953-958
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPneumatic transmission line is widely used for both measurement and control systems, so it is necessary to calculate the dynamic response of the line. The Brown's model of the transmission line gives a sufficiently accurate response, but it needs a troublesome calculation including the Bessel function.
In this study a new reduced form of a pneumatic transmission line has been obtained. This reduced model is first or second order time and time delay system, and can be calculated quite easily. This model expresses precisely the gain and the phase shift information at the first low oscillatory frequency of the transmission line.
In the experiments, step response and frequency response test has been conducted, and the model shows a satisfactory agreement with the exact or experimental data of a pneumatic transmission line.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Katsutoshi SATO, Takao KAKIZAKI, Hideaki SASAKI, Hiroshi HATANAKA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 959-964
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents the experimental and analytical results on the attenuation and wave celerity of small disturbances superimposed on laminar or turbulent mean flow.
It is found that the propagation constants of pneumatic transmission lines with laminar through-flow are nearly equal to those without through-flow. But when the mean flow is turbulent, propagation constants depend on the through-flow, and the following results are obtained at each different frequency range.
(1) At low frequencies, the attenuation factor αt depends strongly on the Reynolds number of mean flow and is approximated by the following relation.
αt=0.28λ/{a(1+M)}
where λ, a, M are a friction factor depending on the Reynolds number, a line radius and a Mach number, respectively.
(2) Over a broad mid-band, the rate of attenuation decreases significantly with increasing frequency. The larger the Reynolds number of through-flow is, the higher the frequency at which the rate of attenuation has a local minimum value becomes.
(3) At high frequencies, the propagation constant can be represented as a function of Stokes number and be approximated by the high frequency model which is modified from the F.T. Brown's transmission line model without through-flow.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Neural Mechanism of Rhythmic SegmentationYoji UMETANI, Norio INOU1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 965-969
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn animals' intestines, it is often seen such a movement that the intestine is rhythmically segmented into many vesicles by short constrictions, which is called rhythmic segmentation. In spite that the rhythmic segmentation is very important for digestion of foods, there are few researches reported on this movement.
This paper describes a biomechanical study on mechanism of the rhythmic segmentation. Firstly, an animal experiment is performed by an abdominal window method which enables to observe in vivo the intestinal movements. Secondly, experimental data were analyzed by a new method which presents the rhythmic segmentation as a contraction pattern on a plane. As a result of this analysis, it is proved that the neural mechanism of rhythmic segmentation includes some partial neural mechanism which are common with that of peristalsis. Thirdly, a neural network model for rhythmic segmentation is proposed. And finally, the behavior of the model is simulated on a digital computer. The simulation results show that the model generates a similar contraction pattern of the rhythmic segmentation to the one obtained from the animal experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Tsuneo YOSHIKAWA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 970-975
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concept of dynamic manipulability of robot arms is proposed as a quantitative measure of their manipulating ability in positioning and orienting the end-effectors, which takes the arm dynamics into consideration. It is shown that this measure corresponds to the volume of the dynamic manipulability ellipsoid, which is formed by the set of all realizable acceleration of the endeffector under certain constraint on the magnitude of joint driving force. A two-joint link mechanism is analyzed and its best posture is obtained under certain condition from the viewpoint of this measure. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the applicability of this concept to the design of robot manipulators.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Yasuo KUDO, Takuya YAMAHIRA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 976-983
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a new error analysis method for measuring moving object by using a TV camera.
The proposed method has the following advantages:
(1) A difference in the measuring area for each pixel is considered.
(2) Blur caused by a moving object is considered.
(3) A difference in location, caused by a scanning method, is considered.
(4) Photo response non-uniformity is considered.
(5) A method for detecting a moving object is included in the proposed method.
First, the new error analysis method for measuring moving object by using a TV camera is proposed. Next, the method is applied to moving vehicle height measurement. The theoretical results (height forecast, distribution) for error analysis have been compared with the experimental results for moving vehicle height measurement. Results verified that the method carried validity.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
Mikio MAEDA, Shuta MURAKAMI1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 984-989
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the speed control of automobile by a fuzzy logic controller. The purposes of the speed control are to reduce the fatique which a driver receives during long time driving, to save the gasoline consumption, and to keep on driving at the constant speed. For these purposes, the fuzzy logic controller is designed. This fuzzy logic controller is constructed of the linguistic control rules which are conditional linguistic statements expressing the relationship between inputs and outputs of the controlled system. The inputs of controller are the “error” which is the difference between the present speed and the set point, the first difference and the second difference of “error”. The output of controller, that is the manipulated variable, is obtained by using Tsukamoto's fuzzy reasoning.
We discuss the results of computer simulations and road tests of an automobile (TOYOPET CROWN '70) equipped with microcomputer from the standpoints of control performance, fluctuation in manipulated variable, saving gasoline consumption, and comfortability of driving. And we also discuss the usefulness of fuzzy logic controller applied to the speed control system.View full abstractDownload PDF (753K) -
Hiroshi YAMADA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 990-992
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (344K) -
Shinji SHINNAKA, Naoki KAWAMATA, Takashi SUZUKI1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 993-995
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (379K) -
Katsunobu KONISHI, Kouji MAEGAWA, Koichi ISHIHARA, Toshio YOSHIMURA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 996-998
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (347K) -
Toshihiro KOBAYASHI1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 999-1001
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (359K) -
Sadao FUJIMURA, Atsuki MATSUMURA1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 1002-1004
Published: September 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (281K) -
1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 1006b
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (119K) -
1985 Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 1006a
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (119K)
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