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Volume 3 (1967)
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- Issue 3 Pages 161-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
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Volume 3, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Taro TAJIMA1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 161-166
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this article we discuss the principle of improvement of temperature coefficient in the standard voltage using zener diode. Usually in order to make small the temperature coefficient of “Temperature Compensated Zener Diode”, we suitably combined the zener diode with positive temperature coefficient and the silicon diode with negative temperature coefficient. But this method requires high technical skill.
This article gives an easier way to make smaller the temperature coefficient. We add the third terminal between the zener diode and the silicon diode in the usual “Temperature Compensated Zener Diode”, and we can control critically the forward voltage of silicon diode to make smaller the temperature coefficient according to the following fomula dm/dv=1/THere v is the forward voltage of diode, T the ambient temperature, and m=dv/dT. Using this method we obtained the standard voltage whose temperature coefficient is 0.1ppm/deg.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Yoshikazu SAWARAGI, Takashi SOEDA, Shigemi TAGAMI1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 167-173
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the authors treat a method of evaluation on the nonstationary response of nonlinear control system with an irrational transfer function when the system is subjected to a nonstationary random disturbance like a sudden gust of wind and an earthquake.
We simulate the nonstationary random disturbance by passing a nonstationary shot noise through a shaping filter, and we evaluate the nonstationary response of nonlinear control system with an irrational transfer function by using the equivalent linearization technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (779K) -
Satoshi IMAI1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 174-180
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe generation of pseudo-random numbers is closely related with the synthesis of sequential networks, from the point of view of the circuit thory. It is well known that the binary shift-register with feed-back, proposed by Huffman, can be used as means of generating a pseudo-random binary number sequence or M-sequence. The shift-register which generates the sequence has n binary memory cells and it generates all 2n-1 possible distinct states, with the exception of the zero state. It suggests that the binary shift-register with feed-back may be used also as means of generating uniform distribution pseudo-random numbers.
In this paper, such a uniform distribution pseudo-random number generator is presented and the properties of the pseudo-radom number sequence generated by it are described. This generator uses a simple and quick response shift-register with feed-back. Therefore it can rapidly perform generating process of the uniform distribution pseudo-random numbers, which cannot be easily performed by conventional general-purpose computer.
The pseudo-random number sequence has a completely uniform distribution and an autocorrelation of periodic impulse type, in the case that the length of the number sequence is equal to, or sufficiently large compared with, the period of the sequence. Also in the case that the length of the sequence is not equal to the period, the number sequence has a nearly uniform distribution and a similar autocorrelation to that for the complete period.View full abstractDownload PDF (685K) -
Kimio YAMAGUCHI1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 181-187
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the recent years various iterative procedures have been developed in the time optimal control computations, because the solution cannot be obtained analytically when the order of the system becomes equal to or higer than the fourth. From a practical point of view, the rate of convergence of iterative methods is very important for control engineers.
This paper presents an iterative procedure for computing time optimal controls. This procedure may be applied in analysing an n-th order system described by the vector differential equations x=Ax+Bu, where A is the n×n constant matrix with real and distinct eigenvalues, B, the n th order vector and u(t), a scalar, is a control function with constraint |u(t)|≤1.
The computational method prescented here has the advantage such that the computed value generally converges very rapidly starting from an arbitrary initial point.
The principle of this method is as follows. Suppose that a control u(t) takes only the values of +1 or -1 and that its switching times are t1, t2, ……, tn, where tn is the final time of u(t), that is, u(t)≡0, for t>tn. Pulse perturbations Δu1, Δu2, ……, Δun are added to u(t) at every switching time in such a way that C(tn)(=∫tn0Φ-1(τ)Bu(τ)dτ) arrives at -x0, where Φ(t) is the transition matrix for the system, x0 the initial state of x(t) and the final state is zero. The pulses Δuj, j=1∼n, are then approximated by rectangular waves so that the perturbed control takes the form of a Bang-Bang control. The optimal control can be obtained if the iteration is continued until C(tn) becomes equal to -x0. This method can be easily extented to the case that the switching number is less than n-1, and the optimal solution can be obtaind starting from an arbitrary initial value.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
Hidekatsu TOKUMARU, Miyoshi IMAI, Zenta IWAI1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 188-196
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNoninteracting control of a multivariabe linear system has been investigated by many authors. Most of them are concerned with a diagonalization of a closed-loop transfer function matrix.
In this paper, the authors present a quite different method from them. The present authors' system is composed of relays and linear compensating networks as its controller, and a noninteraction is realized by sliding motions of relays. The system can be constructed very simply, because we do not need so-called cross-term-controllers.
Conditions which ensure a noninteraction are given. These conditions are imposed not only on the system parameters, but also on the system's initial states and the input signals to the system. Stability of thus obtained noninteraction to the disturbance is analysed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1197K) -
Yoshikazu SAWARAGI, Toshio YOSHIMURA1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 197-202
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with the problem of estimating unknown parameters of a nonlinear controlled system. It is assumed that the disturbance and the noise are the known white Gaussian processes. Posteriori probability density functions of unknown parameters are evaluated approximately based on the statistical equivalent linearization technique. The typical first order nonlinear controlled systems are presented to illustrate the problem of estimating unknown parameters.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Iwao YAMAMOTO1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 203-211
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with transfer characteristic of a pneumatic micrometer system with both a cascade connection and a linear feedback. The system has a main feedback path and two minor ones. The former, of which characteristic is linear, is based on the transfer characteristics of the feedback transducer which is introduced to linearize the transfer characteristic of the system, and the latters, of which characteristics are non-linear, are caused by a repulsive pressure force between nozzle and its counter face as an inevitable consequence of introducing the former and a coupling transducer for the cascade connection.
The total static transfer characteristic is shown as the sum of the transfer characteristic of the main feedback path and that of the forward circuit which consists of two series basic circuits deformed by the above minor feedback path. The effects of the input stage operating point, coupling transducer gain, feedback transducer gain and the repulsive pressure force on the transfer characteristic of the pneumatic micrometer are described. The linear range on the transfer characteristic curve, errors introduced by assuming the linearity of the input stage transfer characteristics or the effects of neglecting the repulsion forces are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K) -
Kunihiko ICHIKAWA, Katsutoshi TAMURA1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 212-220
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIf the rudder speed is assumed to bein finite, control to the system must be the ruddder position, and the problem is then quite usual and simple. The rudder speed, however, is not infinite in reality. Then the rudder position must be a state variable but not a control; in reality control is a torque applied to the rudder system. Since the rudder can not move beyond righthandmost and lefthandmost limits in most ships, it turns out that one component of state variable is limitd within a prescribed range.
There exist two types of problem where the phase point is limited within a specified region in the state space or, in other words, the phase point cannot enter into a specified region in the state space. The first type problem is such that although the phase point can enter into a specified region physically, we forbid the phase point to enter into a specified region intentionally because of some engineering reason, while the second type problem is such that the phase point cannot enter into a specified region because of structural characteristic of the system.
Apparently, the problem of this paper belongs to the second type one. The authors found a new idea to solve the second type of problem as mentioned below. A very stiff spring with appropriate deadband is introduced in order to express the function that the rudder cannot move beyond some limits. When the stiffness of the spring tends to infinity, the problem will be reduced to just the given problem. The standard method for synthesizing optimum control system developed by the authors enables us to solve the problem with such a nonlinear spring easily and completely, and all the task left for us is nothing but to bring the stiffness of the spring to infinity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1042K) -
Tatsuo CHUBACHI1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 221-228
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper offers an asymptotic method for solving high order non-linear equation. The asymptotic method of Bogoliubov and Mitropolisky is a powerful method for the analysis of nonlinear equation especially for the problem of stability. But the object of analysis is mainly limited to the 2nd order differential equation and application to the higher order equation is too complicated. The cause of this complication is attributable to the fact that they expanded the equation in polar coordinates with reference to the amplitude and phase angle of harmonic oscillation. The author expanded the epuation into rectangular coordinates using amplitude of complex form. By this method the procedure of analysis is largely simplified and consequently the application to the higher order equation becomes possible. The author expressed the asymototic solution as follows.
x=(a1eiωt+a1e-iωt)/2, da1/dt=εF1(a1, a1), da1/dt=εF1(a1, a1)
where, a1, a1 and F1, F1 are complex conjugate. In this paper the solutions of resonant oscillation, combined oscillation and parametric excitation are given. And also some practical application is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Masahiro SATOMI, Hideo YUSA, Akira ODA, Takeo UGA, Keiichi MOCHIZUKI1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 229-235
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to measure steam void fractions in operating Boiling Water Reactors, two types of void-meter, solenoid type and digital type, were developed. The former consist of a solenoid, a high frequency oscillator, a bridge and other suitable electric circuits and detects impedance change induced by voids passing through the solenoid. The latter uses a thin needlelike electrode as detecting head and detects the changes of capacitance and resistance induced when the electrode collides with and penetrates a bubble. Since the changes of impedances induced by void were very small, special electric circuits were also devised to detect the small signals.
The solenoid type void-meter responds promptly with high sensibility, and is suitable for measuring mean void fractions in the solenoid under transient conditions, while the digital type voidmeter is small in size and is applicable to measuring time-averaged local void fractions. These performances were examined through out-pile experiments. The detecting heads of the void-meters were designed and manufactured with special considerations so as to be used under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high irradiation.
These void-meters were used to measure void fractions in the chimnies and in the downcomer of operating reactor JPDR (Japan Power Demonstration Reactor; a boiling water reactor with natural circulation).View full abstractDownload PDF (1064K) -
Akira KAKIMOTO, Bunjiro ICHIJO1967 Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 236-240
Published: September 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electromagnetic concentration meter generally used is for liquid of lower volume resistivity than 0.5kΩ-cm. But in regard to liquid of higher volume resistivity, it does not work well for the lack of its sensitivity.
The method described in this paper has been designed for liquid of 0.5∼10kΩ-cm volume resistivity. A pair of electrodes which is filled with liquid and is installed at the outside of the pipe has been connected to a high frequency loss meter, measuring the variation of resistance between the electrodes (which is caused by the concentration variation of liquid). It has, therefore, been proved possible to measure the concentration of liquid with the accuracy of 1%, and drift of this instrument is less than 1μA/day. (Where the sensitivity is above 5μA per 1% change of the concentration.)
In addition to this, this instrument detects the concentration deviation of the specimen liquid from the standard liquid, without the influence of the temperature change, where another same type electrode is filled with the standard liquid, is set to the temperature compensating circuit and both are kept at the same temperature. So, the drift caused by the temperature change of 15°C is less than 1μA for KCl 0.002N aq.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K)
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