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Z. H. ZIDAN, M. I. ABDEL-MEGEED, W. M. WATSON, A. K. SOBEIHA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
241-247
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The ovicidal activity of certain organic insecticides and three mineral oils against the egg stage of Spodoptera littoralis was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Data proved that the evaluated compounds varied tremendously in their potencies. Cyper-methrin seemed to be the most effective insecticide, but thiodicarb was the least. The mineral oil KZ 4 showed the highest efficiency against the eggs. Most of the tested preparations gave promising ovicidal effect under laboratory conditions, while the efficiency was drastically decreased under the field conditions. The mineral oils tested potentiated the activity of the insecticides in varying degrees in their mixture with the insecticides. Generally, KZ 2 oil was the most strong potentiating agent. The same pattern of potentiation was found under field conditions. Currently, chlorpyrifos/KZ 2 was the most promising mixture as an ovicide against S. littoralis.
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
248-258
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Seasonal and diel changes on leaf surface preferences by Sapporo populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (KOCH), were studied throughout its life cycle on dwarf bamboo, Sasa senanensis (FRANCHET et SAVATIER). Mites overwintered as eggs, wich hatched in May. Four or 5 generations were then produced, but by November, again only eggs were found. Non-diapause eggs, active immature stages and adult females were found predominantly on the uppersurface of the leaf, except during periods of low temperature or cloudy conditions. About half of the active stages that did populate the undersurface of the leaf were found predominantly near the leaf edge, but they were not able to feed on this surface. This fact suggests that the undersurface is a refuge from severe diurnal and nocturnal factors. Diapause eggs, quiescent stages and adult males were mainly found on the leaf undersurface.The position of the active stages changed daily on the leaf surfaces : in the daytime they appeared on the uppersurface of the leaves, whereas at night they were found on the undersurface. These movements appear to be controlled by a complex interaction among light intensity, air temperature and relative humidity.
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Koji HORI, Hidenori TORIKURA, Masaki KUMAGAI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
259-265
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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When Lygus disponsi LINNAVUORI fed on pumpkin fruits, their stylets passed through intercellularly to reach the vascular system, where a feeding cavity often formed. The cells surrounding the stylet track and feeding cavity went on swelling till 6 days after the injury and turned so that they were arranged regularly along the stylet track, the feeding cavity and the epithelium. Starch granules disappeared from or decreased in number in the enlarged cells.Polyphenoloxidase activity rose just after the infestation period. but soon dropped and remained at the control level from the 3rd day on. Acid phosphatase activity was the highest at the 6th day after the infestation period. IAA-oxidase activity rose markedly as a result of the injury, but decreased very quickly. The mechanism of tubercle formation is discussed.
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Michihiro YASUI, Minoru FUKADA, Sadafumi MAEKAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
266-271
Published: August 25, 1987
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The effects of buprofezin (2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenylperhydro-1, 3, 5-thia-diazin-4-one, Applaud
[○!R]) on oviposition, viability of eggs and hatchlings of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum WESTWOOD, were studied. The number of eggs laid by 0-24 hr old adults treated with buprofezin were reduced, and their fecundity was also reduced. The hatchability of eggs laid by adults treated for more than 24 hr was extremely low, and few hatchlings survived on the treated tomato leaves. This was also true of pre-treated adults : egg hatchability and hatchling survival were both low. As these effects persisted even in adults free from buprofezin for 72 hr, the chemical is considered to be important in controlling a T. vaporariorum population.
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Binte Abdullah FAUZIAH, Toshitaka HIDAKA, Katsuhiro TABATA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
272-285
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The mating behavior of Monochamus alternatus was observed in glass containers and on pine trees in a field cage. The male was initially passive, staying motionless with his antennae widespread while the female was actively moving in his vicinity. Courtship was initiated by the female approach toward the male. The male then dashed and mounted her and she began walking with him on top. The male licked to calm female and succeeded in copulating when she stopped walking. A long pair-bond was formed in which repeated copulations occurred with the ovipositing female. Adults of both sexes copulated with several mates. Taking over of a mate from a pair was done by both male and female. The antennae were used to ward off disturbing males or females. The presence of a male sex pheromone was supposed to be the attractant for mate searching. Antennae and body odor were also supposed to play a role in mate recognition and initiation of courship. The mating behavior was explained in terms of the fitness theory and reproductive success.
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Hironori SAKURAI, Tetushi HIRANO, Susumu TAKEDA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
286-291
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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In Coccinella septempunctata bruckii found specifically in Japan, diapause regulation was studied by the electrophoretic pattern of haemolymph protein. Specific protein bands were found respectively with induction of aestivation and hibernation. With termination of dormancy, these specific bands disappeared and a band corresponding to vitellogenin (Vg) appeared in the females. The bands specific to diapause were also found in females reared at 25°C under long photoperiod after hatching. Topical application of juvenile hormone analogue to aestivating females revealed the Vg band and caused disappearance of the diapause specific bands. Observation indicates that a summer condition affect the corpus allatum activity of adults and causes a change in the electrophoretic pattern of haemolymph protein characteristic of diapause.
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Akira KAWAI, Chikayoshi KITAMURA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
292-302
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The effectiveness of various control methods was simulated using a population model of Thrips palmi on cucumber cultivated in a plastic greenhouse, and an effective control system was sought. Since the required frequency of spraying lessens as the control threshold (CT) lowers because of the low density effect, CT must be set as low as possible. The "pursuit" spraying method (insecticide is sprayed when the population exceeds the control threshold level and several days aftr the spraying regardless of population density) is effective to reduce the frequency of spraying. The frequency of periodical spraying started at very low density is almost the same as that using CT, making it an effective means. From the standpoint of safe use of agricultural chemicals, it is difficult to control T. palmi using insecticides alone. Prevention of greenhouse invasion, reduction of density on seedlings and mass trapping using sticky traps are other effective means of T. palmi control.
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Yukio ISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO, Masaaki TSUTSUMI, Yasushi MITSUI, ...
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
303-309
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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A new long-lived formulation of a chemical attractant for the onion and seed-corn flies, Hylemya antiqua and H. platura was developed. First, the release rate of 2-phenylethanol and n-valeric acid from aqueous solutin heretofore used was estimated to be 1.4-3.5 mg/hr and 0.5-1.2 mg/hr (initial rate-final rate), respectively. Second, an attractant mixture without any dilution was encapsulated in several types of tubes, a capsule, and a bulb, and changes of release rates from these dispensers were observed for 37 days. A silicon rubber bulb was found most suitable for releasing the attractants at a high rate. Although the release rate of attractants from the bulb was observed to change slowly, the formulation (containing 2 ml attractant) was estimated to keep its initial attractancy for at least 28 days. Field trapping tests showed that the attractancy of the new formulation was comparable to that of the former aqueous form, and we concluded that this formulation of attractant in the silicon rubber bulb can be practically applied in population monitoring.
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Mitsuhiro IWASA, Tsutomu HANADA, Yoichi KAJINO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
310-315
Published: August 25, 1987
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Phytopsila carota n. gen. and n. sp. injurious to the root of carrot in Japan is described and illustrated. Morphological characters of the third instar larva and puparium and ecological information are also presented.
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Kenkichi KANMIYA, Kohjin NAKAGAWA, Akira TANAKA, Hidemi KAMIWADA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
316-324
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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In order to establish a routine procedure for the quality control of mass-reared Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT, six acoustic properties of tethered flight sounds of the wild (W-), mass-reared nonirradiated (M-), and
60Co-irradiated (I-) strains of the male flies were examined in eight age groups. By multivariate analyses we determined that the most effective factors for discriminating between strains were; parameters of fundamental frequency, peak power density of the fundamental frequency, total harmonic distortion, and the bandwidth of the fundamental frequency at ages of 5, 13, 9, and 22 days. Mahalanobis' D
2 obtained on six acoustic parameter variables in a linear discriminant analysis showed that the overall relative differentiatin between W- and M-strains was 1.3, and that between W- and I- strains was 1.4, times as large as it was between M- and I-strains. Histographical records produced by this discriminant analysis will be useful in monitoring the laboratory-reared strain for timely warning of qualitative changes before release.
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Ikuro HONDA, Yukio ISHIKAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
325-334
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The ultrastructures of the dorsal, anterior and ventral organs of the onion fly larva Hylemya antiqua MEIGEN and the seed-corn fly larva H. platura MEIGEN were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopes.The dorsal organ consisted of 7 sensilla classified into 4 types. The dome part was considered to have olfactory function, since the cuticle had many canal-like structures which connect the inside and the outside. The 3 sensilla between the dome and the socket were considered to be mechanosensory or gustatory. The functions of the other 3 sensilla, 1 in the invagination of the socket and 2 between the dome and the socket, were not clear. This organ was assumed to have mainly olfactory function.The anterior organ consisted of 13 sensilla classified into 5 types. Among them, 10 sensilla of 3 types were considered to have gustatory function. The functions of the other 3 sensilla were not clear. This organ was assumed to have mainly gustatory function.The ventral organ consisted of 4 sensilla classified into 3 types. Two types were considered to be mechanosensory, however the function of the remaining one was not clear. This sensory organ was considered to contain no chemosensillum.No difference was found in the structures of these 3 sensory organs between the onion fly and the seed-corn fly.
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Ei'ichi SHIBATA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
335-339
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The spatial distribution pattern of Semanotus japonicus populations on living cedar trees is described. The m-m^
* regression method of analysis was used. Starting points of larval gallery (SPLG) in outer bark and adult emergence holes (AEH) were distributed contagiously between trees. On sampled bolts 50 cm long, and on the bolt surface, the distribution patterns of SPLG and AEH were also contagious.
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Takahisa SUZUKI, Hiroshi NAKAKITA, Yasumasa KUWAHARA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
340-347
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The presence of the aggregation pheromone of Tribolium freemani HINTON was confirmed. The pentane eluate of Porapak Q column from male beetles attracted both sexes. In the cross-attraction tests among T. castaneum, T. confusum and T. freemani, T. castaneum was attracted to T. freemani volatile, whereas T. freemani did not respond to T. castaneum pheromone. T. freemani was also attracted to T. confusum pheromone. However, the aggregation pheromone of T. freemani was identified as 4, 8-dimethyldecanal on the basis of GLC and MS. This compound was a common aggregation pheromone among these three species, and was termed "Tribolure." The activity of "Tribolure" to T. freemani seemed to be largely dependent upon the composition ratios of the stereoisomers of the compound as well as other Tribolium.
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Sadao WAKAMURA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
348-351
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Field tests in Japan revealed that males of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (HUBNER), were caught with 70 : 30 and 90 : 10 mixtures of (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E12-14 : Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9-14 : OH). However, no males were caught with a mixture of Z9E12-14 : Ac and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14 : Ac). The best formulation was 0.1-1 mg/rubber septum of the 70 : 30 mixture of Z9E12-14 : Ac and Z9-14 : OH, and it effectively attracted males for more than 1 month. The 90 : 10 mixture at 0.1 mg/septum was as effective as the 70 : 30 mixtures and more males were caught with it than with 3 virgin females 3 to 5 days old.
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Hideharu NUMATA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
352-357
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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In Riptortus clavatus, photoperiodic sensitivity persisted and diapause was re-induced in response to short-day conditions after prompt termination of adult diapause under long-day conditions. After gradual diapause termination under short-day conditions in the laboratory, some adults regained the photoperiodic sensitivity and went into a second diapause under short-day conditions. After diapause termination in the field in Kyoto, most adults became sensitive to a diapause-inducing photoperiod. Nevertheless, a second diapause in the field seems improbable in this region, because overwintering adults kept under quasi-natural conditions died before diapause re-induction.
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V. Benno MEYER-ROCHOW, Nobuo GOKAN
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
358-369
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The compound eye is of typical scotpic organization and is composed of approx. 2000 ommatidia, all of which are of the eucone type. The rhabdom region is rather extensive in M. castanea and amounts to about 2/3 of the retinal width. The distal 28-30% of the rhabdom layer is composed of a single large rhabdomere per ommatidium, made up of microvilli of 1.5 times wider diameter than those of the proximal rhabdomeres. The larger portion of the rhabdom exhibits a characteristic six-lobed pattern in transverse section. The rhabdom occupation area is about 65% at mid-rhabdom level. One rhabdomere-less basal retinula cell is present per ommatidium. It contains spherical, 0.9 μm in diameter, screening pigment granules even at its most distal eng. A tracheal tapetum is lacking despite this species' nocturnal habit. The clear-zone between dioptric structures and light-perceiving elements is widest in the ventral eye region, whereas interommatidial angles are widest in the extreme dorsal part of the eye and narrower form the centre of the eye towards mid-ventral where they once again begin to get larger. This arrangement may allow the beetle to see more detail below and alongside itself than above.
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Keiko KADONO-OKUDA, Eiichi KUWANO, Morifusa ETO, Okitsugu YAMASHITA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
370-379
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Masako UEJI, Chojiro TOMIZAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
380-387
Published: August 25, 1987
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The metabolism of
14C-isoafenphos was examined in the housefly and the cupreous chafer. Isofenphos penetrated more rapidly into the housefly than into the cupreous chafer. It was rapidly metabolized in the insects and the distribution of
14C-compounds into the aqueous fraction increased gradually. The transformation to water soluble metabolites was faster in the housefly than in the cupreous chafer. No difference in kinds of metabolites was found between the two insects, and as those of isofenphos, isofenphos-oxon, aminoisofenphos, des N-isopropyl isofenphos, desphenyl isofenphos, desN-isopropyl isofenphos-oxon, desphenyl isofenphos-oxon, O-ethyl hydrogen phosphoramidate and O-ethyl dihydrogen phosphate were identified. The main metabolic pathway was proposed to be the formation of the water soluble metabolites through isofenphos-oxon. Water soluble metabolites were dominantly formed through the cleavage of P-O-aryl linkage.
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Kenji FURUSAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
388-389
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Hajime IKEMOTO, Shigemi YAGI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
390-391
Published: August 25, 1987
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Yoshiaki KONO, Noriko NARAI, Mitsuo NUMATA, Masanori YOSHIOKA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
392-394
Published: August 25, 1987
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Mitsuaki SHIMAZU
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
394-397
Published: August 25, 1987
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Hitoshi WATANABE
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
397-398
Published: August 25, 1987
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Makoto HATTORI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages
399-401
Published: August 25, 1987
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