Recently natural ventilation promoted by stack effect is widely adopted for reducing energy consumption and obtaining good indoor environment. But from the view of fire safety, stack effect will easily make smoke spread to upper part of building. In this paper, the compatibility of natural ventilation and smoke control is studied through an atrium building. A prototype atrium building is proposed, whose natural ventilation effectiveness is firstly evaluated and then fire safety is examined. Numerical predictions are presented and compared with the experimental data performed on a scaled-down model. The results of experiments and CFD analysis show that solar chimney is quite effective on promoting natural ventilation. As to the examination of smoke control, with the increasing of outlet area, the neutral plane of the smoke layer rises to be inside the chimney. It is the desirable conditions, under which even if the smoke layer descends to below chimney, since it is under minus pressure conditions compared with outside pressure, smoke won't propagate to evacuation route. Passive smoke prevention of the prototype building is verified.

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In this research, we classified into groups the impact force characteristics of the walking habits of the elderly, and we got the physical factors that influence them. We also examined the comfortability for walking on various floor finishing materials when we classified them. As the result, we got the followings : (1) We could classify into 3 groups about the impact force characteristics by aged walking, (2) We could find out the heel angle of incidence as a walking factor, (3) There was several kind of floor impact force characteristics for normal walking of aged. The range of evaluation of rigidity of floors for the aged was narrower than for adults.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of the clothing fits exerts on the effective radiation area and the configuration factor of the human body. Examined clothes were the stand color shirt with the long sleeve and the pants. The effective radiation area and the configuration factors for 3 young male subjects at sedentary posture were measured by the photographic method. As a result, the effective radiation area factor was found to be 0.76 for an unclothed, 0.79 for the clothes No.O with not ease, 0.82 for the clothes No.3 with usual ease and 0.85 for the clothes No.6 with double ease.

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The aim of this study is to establish a simple prediction method of indoor formaldehyde concentrations based on formaldehyde emission rate measured by the test chamber method. Here, we conducted experiments to find the relationship between the formaldehyde emission rate and the living environment. We measured the formaldehyde emission rate of different kinds of building materials under various conditions. We confirmed that the 4 types of test chambers give same results if they were under the same N/L conditions. From the experimental results, we proposed estimate equations for formaldehyde emission rate changed by ventilation and loading rate (N/L), temperature, and relative humidity.

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Contaminations due to settled particles containing bacteria and fungi on the inner surface of air duct affect not only indoor air quality but perceived air quality. To decrease air pollution, air duct cleaning is often used as a way to remove contaminants to prevent the emission of particles from leaving an occupied area. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effects of air duct cleaning at the site. This paper proposes a method called digital image analysis method for sampling, testing and evaluating the number of settled particles on the inner surface of air ducts using the index of areal coverage of settled particles. According to the digital image analysis method, the whole processes needs no longer than thirty minutes, and the method is also applicable to evaluate other surface contaminations such as air conditioning equipments and so on.

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This paper describes measurement results about climate in 5 local inland cities, Nagano, Matsumoto, Maebashi, Gifu and Kofu. The measurements were done throughout the year at 5 different land use areas in 5 cities. The results were shown as follows. (1) The actual conditions of 5 cities about mean air temperature, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature and absolute humidity mixing ratio were obtained. About mean air temperature at park area is lower than another areas, the differences were 1.1〜2.5 Celsius. (2) About air temperature at commercial area and low-rise housing area, the comparison between 5 cities and metropolitan cities, Tokyo and Osaka, the differences of maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature and diurnal range become clear. Especially, in 5 local cities, air temperature at commercial area is low in daytime and high in nighttime. (3) At maximum air temperature day and minimum air temperature day, absolute humidity mixing ratio at commercial area is lower than low-rise housing area.

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This study is on the appropriate setting of the angle of view and reality in computer graphics, as a method of simulation of interior. 1. For the simulation of the room about 1 6 m^2, using 17 inch monitor. 74 degrees is the best horizontal angle of view. 2. We studied what element of space affects the reality of CG and how it affects. We think the CG is real, when the shadow, the smoothness of the curved surface and the texture are real. The detail of modeling, the fineness of mesh, the texture, the times of calculation and the method of rendering affect the reality. But their highest settings don't result in highest reality and we can set the parameters properly. 3. The media we present CG is not so influential on the reality, but it affects the space perception so much.

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The purpose of this study is to make clear the relationship between Land Use Zoning and green coverage ratio in urbanized city. The subject area was selected in Sakai City, Osaka. The statistical difference of NVl between the low-floor area ratio and other parts, the low-building coverage ratio and other parts are clear. And NVl of each zone is under the influence of the distance from city center area to each zone. The results of this study show that there is the possibility to lead green area ratio in urbanized city by Land use Zoning.

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he purpose of this research is to confirm whether there is a difference in brightness sensations between genetically determined and acquired through experiences and, if there is, to explore a relationship between the brightness sensation acquired through experiences and individual lifestyles associated with luminous environment. Eight ordinary young people, from fourteen to twenty-three years old, were asked to participate in this experimental study. We interviewed them about their lifestyles, and asked them to measure their exposed illuminance while they are staying at home, and also asked them to be the subjects for two kinds of controlled experiments : thirty-second experiment and twenty-minute experiment. The brightness sensation obtained from the thirty-second experiment correlates with the ratio of illuminance at voting to the illuminance ten seconds before voting, while that obtained from the twenty-minute experiment correlates with the illuminance averaged for the thirty seconds before voting. These results suggest that there is a difference in brightness sensations between genetically determined and acquired through experiences. We could sort out eight subjects into three groups using the results of interview and measurement of exposed illuminance at home. 0ne is for those using daylight available from windows, another is using electric light whether or not there is daylight, and the last is using both daylight and electric light. There are quite a few cases ifi which some subjects vote that it is bright enough but at the same time they want to open the shade or that it is a little dark but they want the lighting condition to remain unchanged. Those subjects belonged consistently to one of the groups, daylighting group. The same is true for another group, electric lighting group. We thus confirmed that there is a difference in brightness sensations between genetically determined and acquired through experiences.

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Followings are the results from this research, 1) The available cutting amount of private -forest is 210,000m^3, which is capable of building 3,200 houses. 2) The amount of timber felled by individual accounts for 40.3% of whole distribution. 3) The contribution of timber houses towards timber resources accounts for 5.8% and the consumption of local timber make up 2〜6% in whole timber house industry. The contribution of the industry towards local resources is extremely small.

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A new method of extracting search keywords has been introduced which is based on combining the statistical analysis of user access and user evaluation by simple web polling. DbNET, an actually working database of building materials and equipment, has been chosen for the source of experiment, and with the specialist oriented aspect of this database, the analyzing of user access implies expert judgment of information value. The results shows that the simple polling system work as an effective evaluation method for extracting search keywords, and from the case study the proposed system was proved to suggest an efficient database structure.

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The paper of "A study on the classification of landscape and consciousness of preference landscape by inhabitants in Seoul, Korea" was discussed as following contents. 1 On the instruction matter in the photographing fof the investigator. 2 On the selecting method in the photograph arrangement. 3 On the consideration for frequency of appearance of the landscape component. 4 On the effect of "the one look attraction phenomenon" for the landscape evaluation.5 On the relation of preference landscape consciousness and research purpose.

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The author thanks Hiroshi OISHI, Seiichiro OBA and Kuzuma YAMAMOTO for their discussion, and the answers are as follows ; 1) A photograph was taken centering on the subway station at four points which are within the 500m radius. 2) The pictures judged that compnsation is impossible to 3 types. 3) A mountain and the hill do not appear by the picture of a near view. 4) Landscape type 4 is preferred to other landscapes. 5) The preference landscape was searched using the landscape type.

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