The basic properties of intermediate open doors necessary for predicting pressure differences between rooms in a smoke control plan were determined. These were determined in the following manner. (1) An experimental system was proposed for determining the flow rate coefficient relative to the opening angle of an intermediate open door. (2) The relationship of door closing force, door shape and pressure difference between rooms with respect to the opening angle of a free-swinging door was proposed by introducing a pressure difference distribution coefficient. (3) The relationship between the opening angle of an arbitrary free-swinging door and the average pressure difference between rooms can be estimated from the door width and height by determining this relationship for a specific door. (4) The pressure difference between rooms immediately before opening a door can be estimated from the door surface area on which pressure is acting and the door closing force regardless of the magnitude of the door closing force.

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In this paper, we study the prediction of heavy weight floor impact sound level with sound radiation around wall by finite element method. Firstly, we study the vibration transmission of easy model by 2-Dementional vibration field analysis. Secondly, we study the uncoupling-model on vibration field and sound field. Finally, we study a example comparing meassure with calculation.

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For evaluating preferences for surface color from psychological and physiological responses, 5 male and 5 female subjects aged in 22 to 25 yrs participated in both winter and summer experiments. They were exposed to surface colors of red, purple blue and green when ambient temperature was controlled at 22℃ and 30℃. Skin and oral temperatures, ECG and blood pressures were continuously measured throughout exposures. Subjects were requested to report on their psychology with the semantic differential method and the subjective scales on symptoms at 15 min. intervals. The results indicated that male subjects preferred purple blue whereas female subjects showed no significant color preference for the given conditions. In addition, a seasonal difference in color preference could not be observed.

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The electric lights in the house are used in not only nighttime but also daytime. It is thought that power consumption with the electric lights can be reduced if brightness is secured by daylight sufficiently. Although some surveys on the electric lighting are conducted, the survey on the relation between the use of the electric light in the living act and the daylighting in the house is few. We conducted the survey on the actual condition of electric lighting and daylighting in the non-living spaces of house with questionnaire. As a result, the use of the electric light in daytime was related to the amount of the introduction of the daylight. When enough daylight is not obtained, a lot of people light not only the localized lighting but also the general lighting.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the difference of the semantic structures concerning comfortable lighting in a living room between the aged and the younger. Two psychological experiments, one using the evaluation grid method and the other using the semantic differential method, were carried out by means of photographs illuminated of living rooms. From the results of the experiment using the evaluation grid method, thirty four and forty one elements emerged from the aged subjects and the younger subjects respectively, showing that the comfortable lighting approximately means calm warm lighting. These elements are connected with the concrete elements such as lighting design of the space, color temperature of a light source, design of lighting equipments and the lightness of the space. From the results of the experiment using the semantic differential method, four factors, namely "warmness", "calmness", "variation" and "lightness," were extracted from the both generations. However the importance of "lightness" was clearly different between the aged and the younger, the former think it more important than the latter.

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Dew condensation phenomenon is menacing to the exterior wall with thermal insulation. This phenomenon occurs on the inside surface of the house wrapping sheet by air infiltration that passes from indoor to outdoor through gaps of defective parts. The present survey for engineering companies, mainly construction companies, on the use of thermal insulation in the IV climatic province was conducted in 2003. And it is confirmed that fiber fill thermal insulation walls were widely used in IV climatic province. An experiment was carried out in an artificial meteorological room in order to clarify dew condensation phenomena. In the experiment, we used fiber fill thermal insulation walls with minute openings, which simulated gaps on the wall. The results of the experiment revealed that moist air in the room invaded from the inside panel to the outside panel of the wall when there were gaps on the inside panel.

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The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of formaldehyde concentration affected by multi-room convection. The building materials have the properties to absorb and emit formaldehyde. In the ventilation between the multiple rooms, concentration may be increased due to the influence of concentration in the preceding room. The concentration is higher in the room on downstream side, and it is considered to be closer to equilibrium concentration. Also, it would be necessary to confirm the equilibrium concentration of the mixed board products (mixed or composite building materials) and the properties such as absorption and emission. In the present study, the ventilation between the multiple rooms is evaluated. Further, it is tried to elucidate the coordination of HBF(Hoetjer-Berge-Fuji) equation on the mixed products and to identify the mechanism of emission, absorption and equilibrium concentration.

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This study is to obtain the characteristics of the seasonal system COP to evaluate heat source system efficiency. To reduce CO_2 gas emission caused by the energy consumption of commercial buildings, the heat source system is required to be upgraded. For this purpose, it is essential to evaluate and judge the performance of the heat source system correctly, while admitting the seasonal system COP to be the important efficiency ratio. However, the examples of study on the COP characteristics in heat source systems have scarcely been found and moreover, the actual statuses of the seasonal system COP in the existing buildings have not mostly been clarified. Preparing a model building and using the "Energy unit requirement control tool" program newly developed, this study theoretically analyzes the characteristics of the seasonal system COP to obtain the typical numerical values, features, and factors to be affected. The result of this study in understanding the characteristics of the seasonal system COP is expected to promote effective energy saving by applying it to building M & E service systems.

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The thermo-radiative simulation on the basis of the realistic urban geometric model has a large of calculated amount. This paper suggests a simplified numeration for simulating a few hundred square meters area, and verifies the calculations compared to accurate calculations. It is original that the simplified numeration integrates mesh elements facing same direction when energy balance of urban surface is calculated. The effectiveness of the simplified numeration is confirmed from results of the verification. Moreover, this paper considers the classification of realistic urban geometric forms according to some parameters concerning radiation heat transfer.

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In this study, we analyzed the difference of the air temperature in the urban area of Hiroshima among calm, sea breeze and land breeze by the observation. The summary of the results is shown below. 1) In the calm period, the air temperature in the urban area rises. However, the air temperature is slightly lower in green belt and around the river. It is caused by the influence the micro-scale climate. 2) In the sea breeze period, the air temperature of urban area lowers inversely as the distance from the coastline. In addition, the air temperature lowers around the river, since it becomes a way of the wind. It is the phenomena of the meso-scale.

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In recent years, outer wall materials with the high reflective performance of solar radiation are adopted in many cases in order to reduce the air conditioning loads. And architectures covered for the glass are increasing from the problem on a design. When the light environment in a street canyon is considered from the human on the sidewalk, though the skylight which is emitted to the evaluation plane is obstructed for the building, the reflected light from the building outer wall increases. In this study, incident amount of the ultraviolet radiation to the evaluation plane is presumed based on the reflective property of the outer wall materials and space composition of a street canyon. As a result of analysis, the amount of ultraviolet radiation changed greatly with positions of evaluation plane, and it was able to be shown clearly that the incident amount is influenced by selection of outer wall material.

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This study aims to clarify the regional characteristics of heat balance in an urban space inside a city. Since most of major cities in Japan are located in coastal areas, special attention is paid to the contribution of sea breeze to the heat balance in urban area. The spatial distribution of heat budget inside Sendai is drawn, as "heat balance map" using the numerical data provided by the analysis of mesoscale climate. This map shows the areas where the influence of sea breeze is larger than those of heat generated from ground surface and artificial heat release. In such areas, it is effective to introduce sea breeze into urban space by matching the building arrangement with wind conditions. Furthermore, the effects of urban planting and high-albedo surfacing on heat island reduction were evaluated based on the climatic analyses. Inside the urbanized area, the effects of urban planting and high-albedo surfacing are relatively large. But the effects of sea breeze are more important than those of planting and high-albedo surfacing in the coastal side. The mechanism that causes these differences was discussed by comparing the heat budgets in the four sub-domains set inside the urbanized area.

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