It is necessary to determine quantitatively a mass flow rate of downward-moving gases penetrated the boundary between upper and lower layer and fire plume in order to calculate smoke behavior in a compartment with sprinkler activation. A calculating formula of the mass flow rate of fire plume and downward-moving gases was found using a suggested gas analysis in the previous report of this study. The mass flow rate of downward-moving gases is m_E/m_SP=0.003(ρ_a-ρ_S)^-1 in inverse proportion to density differences between upper layer and lower layer. The mass flow rate of fire plume was corrected by the location of the virtual source in the sprinkling. The effective virtual source with sprinkler activation is Z_SP=0.04(ρ_a-ρ_S)^-1 in inverse proportion to density differences between upper layer and lower layer. As a result, the mass flow rate of fire plume was proportional to Q_f^2/3(Z_S+Z_SP)^5/3 and given by m_p=0.03 Q_f^2/3(Z_S+Z_SP)^5/3+m_E.

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In this paper, according to the approach built on previous paper (No.645,pp.1203-1209,2009.11), the relationship of air supply rate between the bulletin requirements in normal temperature and the conventional calculating method based on the condition in fire is constructed. The calculation procedure of air supply rate based on the ventilation calculation in normal temperature to satisfy the bulletin requirement is shown. Then the relationship in general of leakage by the position of air release opening is considered, the appropriate design for the height on floor of the air release opening and the calculation procedure of additional air supply rate to block smoke in fire are shown.

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Energy conservation is an indispensable assignment in the building now. It is demanded to establish the technology that integrates the thermal environment and the luminous environment securing the indoor environmental quality. We should understand the phenomenon as minutely as possible that originates in the radiation from the sun and the sky that is a large factor of turbulence.
CIE recommended CIE Standard General Sky about the sky luminance distribution. Even the method of selecting 15 Sky Type is not shown. Authors tried the improvement of previous All Sky Model based on the measurement data of IDMP in Osaka aiming the high accurate estimation method of luminance and radiance distributions of sky.
In this paper, the appearance circumstance of Types of the CIE Standard General Sky and the assignment in estimating Types is shown based on the measurement data in Osaka and the improved All Sky Model is introduced.

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This study aimed to establish a method of evaluating Machiya-Cafes, which were renovated from traditional houses into cafes. Authors focused on the effect of the density of lattices and lighting environment in cafes on evaluations of Machiya-Cafe facade in Kyoto. In this paper, a subjective experiment was carried out using a scale model that could be changed the density of lattice, illuminance and color temperature. Subjects evaluated the facade conditions by using various adjective scales with four evaluation points. The experimental results showed that the lattice densities ranging from 20% to 40% had higher evaluations at low color temperatures, and that strong correlations were observed between the density of lattices and several evaluated adjective scales.

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In order to verify the effectiveness of cross ventilation on cooling energy conservation, we have been conducting experiments by automatically simulating various occupants' behaviors. In this paper, we have performed experiments with additional patterns, which have same thermal conditions for on operation of air conditioners. Based on the experimental results, we analyzed cooling hours and indoor environment. In addition, we estimated the heat discharge rate by natural ventilation and the cooling capacity of an air conditioner to discuss heat removal structure. The results are as follows;
(1) The daily average temperature to a certain daily total cooling hour was lowered by 3°C due to the usage of cross ventilation.
(2) The heat discharge by natural ventilation could have positive effects on the reduction of cooling hours. However, thermal energy storage during the occupants' absence in the daytime could be one reason for additional air conditioner usage in the evening and night.
(3) Natural ventilation removed part of heat and moisture when the daily average temperature was below 24°C.
(4) According to the estimation results, the ratio of heat discharge rate against the heat capacity reduction was 40% in a normal year.

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In this research, we investigated the quantitative effect of bathing on the heat loss of hot water in the bathtub and thermal storage of the human body through experiment and simulation using 65-Node thermoregulation-Model applied to bathing. In the experiment, three subjects took a bath four times, with temperature of their tympanic membrane and hot water measured. It turned out that about 700-1200kJ of heat is lost from hot water in the bathtub and about 400-650kJ of heat is charged in human body by twenty minutes bathing.

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It is necessary to prepare a plenty of subjects in order to ensure the statistical confidence in the sensory evaluation of odor. Therefore, it is convenient if the minimum number of subjects can be prepared according to the necessary accuracy of measurement. In this paper, the sensory evaluation experiment with 1-butanol was conducted and evaluations by six subjects were compared with those by sixty subjects under the same sixty votes in total. Moreover, confidence intervals of intensity and percentage of person dissatisfied were estimated, and relationships between confidence intervals and the number of subjects were indicated.

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Fat splitting equipment was applicable or performed basic research and demonstration in grease interceptor. In the basic research, operation of the fat splitting equipment was divided into five kinds, and, as a result, operation of ozone aeration and aeration and the Microbial enzyme was effective in the fat splitting. Fat splitting equipment was moved, and, in demonstration (1), grease drifted to the grease interceptor of the be working from a result, grease interceptor. Fat splitting equipment was moved, and, in demonstration (2), a result, grease dissolved in not working grease interceptor. The fat splitting equipment was inapplicable in grease interceptor. It is tested in grease interceptor in other Microbial enzyme in future.

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The item concerning the water use was extracted from the questionnaire of the energy consumed executed for the home (1793) that resided in the housing complex of the UR lease of the metropolitan area and Kansai region in 2007, and a regulated factor of the volume of water used in the characteristic of answer home (978) (number of homes and dwelling type, etc.) and years was analyzed.
It was confirmed that the number of homes greatly influenced during the result and year about the amount of water used. In addition, it has been understood that neither the income of the home nor the frequency etc. of cooking influence so much while the age of the home everybody, the operation frequency of the washing machine, and the situation of bathing take part in the amount of water used.
An amount of water used that considers the investigation and the season and a regulated factor etc. of the amount of water used will be examined in the future because the amount of water used and the bathing situation have the change at the season and time, etc.

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Nowadays, many heating system is adapted in Japanese houses, such as air-conditioner, floor heating system, panel heating system, and so on. In these systems, the need of floor heating is increasing by residents selecting open-plan houses. But, there are a few studies on floor heating, using heat pump, which uses less energy than other heating systems. We have been developing the floor heating system, using low temperature hot water and stocking heat energy in PCM, and keeping inner thermal environment stable in houses which are well-insulated and airtight. We have been measuring and evaluating two houses using this system. In conclusion, both houses kept inner temperature stable between 17°C and 24°C during heating period using floor heating in a short time every day. It is shown that making hot water in low temperature, using with air-conditioner, and operating low power at starting time of heating contribute to low energy consumption.

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The end-use consumption of electricity in a university campus with co-generation system is investigated. According to the hourly data in classrooms, research laboratory, office rooms, and dining hall, the characteristics for electricity consumption in different buildings are analyzed. The office room consumes the largest amount of electricity of about 124.4kWh/(m²·a), then followed by the dining hall and then the research laboratory, both of about 114 kWh/(m²·a). The classroom consumes the smallest amount of about 60.6kWh/(m²·a). The difference between the peak and off-peak is quite large, and it is 6 times in research laboratory, while it is nearly 20 times in classrooms and dining hall. The duration of peak load is very short, while the operating frequency at partial load is quite high, which leads to large electricity consumption during the partial load rate. Furthermore, the monthly pattern and hour pattern of electricity consumption in different buildings are also analyzed.

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South-east Asian countries are now experiencing remarkable economic growth in recent years. In hot and humid countries like Cambodia, air-conditioning equipments are becoming widely accepted. Because of the lack of fundamental data on Cambodian lifestyle and energy consumption, this paper first studies and estimates the amount of energy consumption of Cambodian houses in urban areas by questionnaire method, targeting the families living in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. Then the amount of energy consumption of Cambodian houses is estimated by simulation analyses on typical two types of model houses. And the paper simulates many methods to decrease the amount of energy consumption, and proposes the most effective and realistic methods to mitigate the rapid increase of energy consumption in south-east Asian countries.

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This research intends to define base load and fluctuation load from the pattern of monthly changes in the energy consumption of office buildings in Japan obtained from the investigation in 2009 fiscal year, and to clarify the characteristics of energy consumption by determining estimation equations.
It became possible to confirm the tendency by the estimation equation obtained from the multiple regression analyses of base load rate. The reliability of the estimation equation of fluctuation load rate by the multiple regression analysis was higher than that of the estimation equation obtained from the simple regression analysis of the average yearly temperature.

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Composting process modeling is necessary to design and operate a passive control composting tank. The model for the passive control composting process has been developed, which considered natural ventilation by changing gas composition and moisture transfer by water potential. The effect of water produced by microorganisms was also considered in the model. In order to evaluate the rate of water produced, water evaporation speed and ventilation rate in the model, experiments were performed with a passive aeration composting tank in a controlled laboratory condition. The down flow of air was caused by increasing CO₂ concentration in the first stage of the composting. If the air flow direction was not changed from down flow to up flow by temperature rising, the results showed that the degradation was slowed down and odor was produced. Comparisons of experimental and simulation results for temperature and ventilation rate in general showed good agreement during the whole duration of the process in the passive control composting tank.

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