As a comprehensive system of natural ventilation and smoke control for atrium buildings, an atrium building with a solar chimney is proposed In this building, natural ventilation is acquired with stack effect prompted by solar energy collection at the chimney. In case of a fire, the escape route is secured from smoke by keeping the neutral pressure plane in the chimney and the pressure of the atrium lower than outside. In this paper, the design policy of the passive smoke insulation is promoted and that condition is studied by experiments and calculations. Major results are as follows 1. The possibility of passive smoke insulation of the escape shaft is confirmed through the model experiment and this method could provide the safety space for handicapped person for evacuation or fire fighters. 2. The condition for passive smoke insulation could be predicted by a single zone calculation and two-layers model. 3 For passive smoke insulation, openings between atrium and escape shaft (joint gap of doors and openings for ventilation) have to be smaller than certain ratio in addition to keeping the neutral pressure plane in the chimney.

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Among several types of flanking transmission, windows path sound remarkably exerts a bad influence on the sound insulation performance of the multiple dwelling house of RC building. This study was carried out on the windows path sound in detail using a full-scale test model. As the results, the estimation method which is conducted by dividing balcony space was proposed, and the result good agreement with measurement value was confirmed. Though some problems which divided space is hypothesized as the diffuse sound field are left in it, It is practically good method in the view of prediction accuracy and simple.

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Authors presented, in the previously submitted paper, a new method of vibration reduction utilizing phase interference effects of multiple excitation forces, and made it clear that the method was effective for passive vibration reduction theoretically. In this paper, experimental results are presented, showing that the reduction effects of vibration in the sinusoidal excitation case are exactly the same as shown in the theory, and furthermore, suggesting that the method is also practicable in the human multiple excitation case, in which amplitude and phase conditions are more complicated and varied.

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It is important to understand properties of the essences of the specific meteorological elements, to improve the precision of the separation of global to direct and diffuse solar irradiance. In this paper, we picked two meteorological elements up, one is the irregularity of the sky radiance distribution and the other is the cloud status, and examined the characteristics of each factor. For the irregularity of the sky radiance distribution, we proposed the expressive index of this factor, and showed the relationship with the irradiance separation. For the cloud status, we showed the characteristics of appearance of the cloud combination each altitude of the sky. When the correction model based on the cloud status was applied to the irradiance separation, the precision of prediction was slightly improved.

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In this study, the characteristics of wind induced ventilation with single-sided opening are analyzed with wind tunnel experiment. In some experimental cases, a small wind break is attached on an opening in order to increase amount of air flow rate. (It is assumed that the break is an opened window itself so that the window is pivoted one whose vertical axis is placed at center of window.) The normalized airflow rate 'k' in the case of a standard single-sided opening is 0.024. On the other hand, 'k' in the case where a small wind break is attached vertically to the opening is 0.156. This value is about 6.5 times as much as 'k' in the case of a standard single-sided opening. In other experimental cases, circulation flow is made in a room in order to increase air flow rate. Synergy effect of fresh air entering from an opening and circulation flow is expected. The normalized airflow rate 'k' in the case of a standard single-sided opening with circulation is able to increase more than 'k' without circulation. In some cases however, 'k' with circulation is reduced due to shortcut.

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For a building model with rectangular plan and a pair of openings in diagonal positions, three-dimensional indoor airflow was measured at 980 points for every 15 degree wind angles between 0° and 165°. On the basis of the measurement result, the characteristics of the indoor airflow was analyzed Rough overview on the main stream region tends to make the observer misunderstand that such main stream region was connecting smoothly without any striking at obstacles between inlet and outlet openings. However, air stream basically goes straight, strikes against obstacles on its direction, rebounds and changes own direction as a result. This process is repeated until the main stream finds the outlet opening. When the main stream strikes the obstacles like walls at a large angle, so called "escape flow" is formed in either above and below the main stream. The escape flow escapes from the area where the main stream strikes the obstacles. When the main stream strikes the obstacle at a small angle, it goes along the obstacle due to the Coanda effect. If there is enough space beside the main stream region, the circular flow can be formed beside the main stream. The existence of the main stream and the circular flow contributes to determine the distribution of thermal environment in cross-ventilated indoor space. It is necessary to collect continuously the information on the airflow in the space with different layouts of openings and any partitions.

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This paper (Part 2) reports on the realistic simulation experiment using climate chamber, focusing on varying air change rate as in the field test, and the consistency of the climate chamber experiment and the field test. Physical environment and academic performance evaluation methods of the climate chamber experiment are quite the same as those of the field test. In the result of the climate chamber experiment, correlation analyses show that lower air change rates link to reduced academic performance (R^2=0.74, p=0.03). In this study, the consistency of the climate chamber experiment and the field test was confirmed. Therefore, when the result of the test and the climate chamber experiment is used, the correlation analysis shows that there is a correlation between the academic performance and air change rate (R^2=0.82, p=0.002).

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The authors carried out a measurement about the consumption and the operating temperature of hot and cold water of the three guest rooms in a city hotel. The purpose of this study is to develop the calculating method for hot and cold water consumption in the guest rooms of city hotels by the Monte Carlo simulation technique on the basis of the analysis of hot and cold water usage. In this paper, the overview of this measurement and the analyzed results were shown, and the authors considered about the characteristic of changing tendency for the hot and cold water consumption by the guest's attributes. Moreover, the detailed fixture uses of hot and cold water which were measured by the interval of 5 seconds were analyzed, and a calculation model of hot and cold water consumption applied for the simulation technique was proposed.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of urban climate in local city. This paper describes the result that air temperature and humidity distributions in Kumamoto City are measured for more than one year. The number of measurement points of air temperature and humidity is 160 places and they are measured in the interval for 15 minutes. As the results, air temperature of the high-rise downtown is low in the daytime. As for the humidity distribution, the humidity of the rural zone in the suburbs is high, and the urban area is low.

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The thermal environment in summer at a large rooftop garden on a commercial building was investigated. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Resting places in a tree shade had non-"Hot" condition when solar radiation was large, while wind speed was around 1m/s in there and consequently SET* was higher than that in shaded open spaces. 2. The rooftop garden had well-shaded foot paths that supplied non-"Hot" condition during most of the afternoon. 3. A tree shade was desirable on a fine day, while open spaces were desirable on a cloudy day. 4. SET* was most appropriate index to evaluate the relationship between human behaviors and thermal environment.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of preference for regional landscape based on the analysis of physical characteristics, such as "Dimensions of landscape elements" and "Elements composition" on the photographs taken by the subjects according to their preference. At first, the subjects were required to take photographs that they prefer and dis-prefer through fieldwork in Higashi-Hiroshima City. As a result of the survey, 849 photographs of regional landscapes such as green, buildings, river, road and more were taken. According to the photographs, the relationship between the decision of "preferable or dis-preferable" and the physical characteristics of photographs was analyzed by the statistical technique. In addition, the effect on the evaluation of preference for regional landscapes based on the "Dimensions of landscape elements" and "Composition of elements" was clarified. Especially, when the dimensions of elements such as 'trees' and 'mountains' increase, the landscape is considered as preferable. According to this result, the dimensions of landscape elements affect the decision of preference. And, when the subjects recognize the object as complex composition, they show the tendency of decision as preferable landscape.

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Regression analysis was applied to the experimental data obtained from the different environmental conditions and procedures; the dependent variables were thermal sensation vote (specific scale), the impression of "warm-cool" and the impression of "hot-cold" (unspecific scale) and the independent variable was temperature. The slopes of the regression lines were compared between the standard condition and the added condition with the other factor. The results showed that the difference was significant in case of the unspecific scale and was not significant in case of specific scale. The effect of attention was suggested.

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Urban climate has to be taken into consideration in the planning processes. But, stakeholders cannot consider urban climate in their planning process, because it is difficult to understand for non-expert. Therefore, in this paper, "Urban Environmental Climate Map" is proposed for planning support and we held actual community planning workshop, in which, they used "Urban Environmental Climate Map". Through this workshop, it was clarified that non-experts of urban climate could understand "Urban Environmental Climate Map" and they could make proposals with considering urban climate by referring the "Urban Environmental Climate Map".

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This paper proposes a method for discriminating roof types and determining roof ridges from aerial images. Observing that according to the slope change of a roof surface its brightness changes, our method first approximates the histogram of brightness distribution as a smooth curve. We then extract effective characteristic variables to develop a discrimination model for classifying roof types into deck roof and inclined roof. For the roofs which are classified as inclined ones, we develop a method for classifying them into hip roofs and gables after extracting additional explanatory variables obtained by applying multiple regression to 3-dimensional brightness distribution. We finally applied the model to aerial image of residential area in Kyoto city, and observed that the classification ability of our proposed method was quite high.

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