In our previous study, we proposed an index N×LC for estimating active-calm impression of lighting space. In this study, we examined the applicability of the index for more various lighting environments. By the experiment using a scale model, we obtained various lighting patterns produced by subjects for each of the designated active-calm evaluations. Then we calculated the N×LC values for each lighting pattern and investigated the relationship between the index values and active-calm evaluations. The results showed that the N×LC values related with active-calm evaluations for various lighting environment.

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In recent years, natural ventilation system is widely used for sustainable buildings. However, systems without proper managements and maintenances are often observed. Noise and pollution are major problems in the urban environment. Wide investigation was conducted for 72 buildings. The reason of less use of natural ventilation system was investigated by the field measurements and questionnaire to the designers, building managers and occupants. The reasons are classified into three categories, 1) complains of occupants, 2) control system of natural ventilation, 3) clear understanding of the natural ventilation system by building managers and occupants. It is found that the actual use time of natural ventilation system tends to decrease and that the designers need to keep contact to the building managers and check whether the system run without problem for long time after it starts to be operated. Sustainable operation was discussed in this paper.

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The study proposed and clarified three points based on the results of the combined drainage experiment using a plural number of single stack systems with JIS - DT fittings. These points are: (1) the proposal of a testing apparatus and evaluation method to measure the influence of combined drainage above the house drain, (2) the proposal of a model for predicting the drainage performance of single stack systems in consideration of the influence of combined drainage and the examination of the models' suitability based on the pipe pressure variation as an index, and (3) as feedback of the piping design the examination of the determination method for the allowable flow rate of the house drain in consideration of combined drainage as well as the discussion about the piping method for arranging the stack system with the horizontal fixture drain branch which is located at the bottom of the system.

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In this thesis, the current state of garbage incineration plants of 23 districts in Tokyo is studied. The use state of the garbage incineration heat was understood, 67% is generated, and the power generation efficiency of the turbogenerator is 18%. The domination of the heat supply was shown, the energy reduction effect is twice, and the CO_2 emission reduction effect is three times compared with the current state. The heat supply piping network was assumed based on the result of existing research of each ministry, and the effects of energy reduction and CO_2 emission reduction were examined. All the generated steam of the garbage incineration plant cannot be used effectively for the existing DHC supply area, but it has been understood that the effects of both primary energy reduction and CO_2 emission reduction improve when the expansion of the supply area is assumed.

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Many of studies aiming at grasp of the actual condition of heat-island phenomenon in recent years are the moving observations which need time correction and the fixed point observation with few measuring points. In consideration of these situations, the long-term fixed point observation which can acquire data which is high resolvable in time and spatially is performed in this study. In previous study, the measuring method of the long-term fixed point observation of the temperature and humidity observed at about 160 points in Kumamoto city was explained in full detail. While the temperature and the humidity distribution obtained from the measurement result were shown, the characteristic of temperature change of each measuring point was clarified by using the principal component analysis about temperature change etc. In this study, the feature of the climate of Kumamoto city is solved based on the observation result of summer heat day and chill day. And, in Kumamoto-city where temperature and humidity is high, the influence the strength of a wind has on temperature distribution is considered. Furthermore, the feature of moving observation of the temperature distribution and the long-term fixed point observation adopted by this study is shown. Based on each measurement result, the actual condition of the heat-island phenomenon in Kumamoto city is solved.

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The authors systematically investigated a bulk drag force coefficient (C_d) of regularly arrayed rectangular blocks in a wind tunnel by controlling various conditions such as arrangement pattern, plan area density (λ_p) and deviation from average height of the blocks. Using a particular instrument of floating element attached with a load cell, they can directly measure the total drag of roughness in high accuracy. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) C_d of staggered array is larger than that of normal array under a sparse condition owing to the difference of frontal projected area of models. In contrast, C_d of normal array is larger than that of staggered array under a dense condition. This is caused by the fact that a channel flow regime along stream wise streets in normal array phenomenally encourages shear production 2) The height variability among roughness makes C_d large even if the sameλ_p andλ_f (frontal area fraction) of a uniform height case are imposed. This tendency is obvious for dense canopy 3) When the mixture allocation of higher and lower building models is considered (the height deviation is imposed), the effect of arrangement pattern of higher models significantly affects on both C_d and depth of boundary layer.

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Well-insulated and airtight houses are constructed from various materials, some of which result in a lot of CO_2 emissions during their production. To clarify their environmental loads, we measured exactly the weight of the construction materials and waste. The following results were obtained. 1) The weight per floor of construction materials and waste was 1.03×10^3kg/m^2 and 12.9kg/m^2, respectively. 2) The amount of CO_2 emissions due to the construction waste could be calculated depending on the exact weight. 3) The amount of CO_2 emissions per floor of construction materials and waste was 0.319×10^3kg-CO_2/m^2 and 13.1kg-CO_2/m^2, respectively.

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Resource consumption intensities are analyzed based on 2000 Japanese Input-Output Tables. The intensities include direct resource input and extension effect and are calculated for 399 sectors of materials and services. These intensities enable calculation of resource consumption and resource productivity of buildings. The result is shown that the resource productivity in 2000 is a decrease 9% compared with 1995. Additionally intensities of eco-materials such as hot rolled sheet steel, eco-cement and recycled aggregate concrete are analyzed. Thus, it is presented that the use of these eco-materials would increase the resource productivity of buildings by the maximum of 30%.

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This study described the energy consumption of various electric appliances in the houses in Japan. In order to obtain the fundamental information for discussing residential energy saving strategies, long-term investigation of detail energy consumption have been done from 2002 to 2003 for 80 dwellings. The results are as follows; (1) Energy consumption of the refrigerators in actual condition exceeds of catalog value. (2) Relationship between the refrigerator capacity and the annual energy consumption of the refrigerator is low. (3) The standby electricity is 20% or less of total energy consumption in the house. (4)The electricity consumption for the amusement use in the house is the most representative use.

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In order to examine the effect of environmental problems caused by stack effect on high-rise residential buildings located in cold district, calculations have been conducted using COMIS model. This paper describes the calculation results for various measures against a building model which located in Seoul City, Korea. The obtained results indicated that the outdoor air mainly entered into the building from parking area. Thus, it would be highly effective to make the building entrance facing the parking area and building facade surfaces more air-tight.

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