To evaluate the influence of exit arrangement on room evacuation safety, evacuation risk was estimated based on exit choice according to the relative location of fire source and exits to evacuees.

In conclusion, exit arrangement significantly influence to evacuation safety in room with large density of occupants because the convergence of evacuees at an exit far from fire source results in excessive congestion in front of the exit. To reduce the evacuation risk, the exit width per occupant should be at least 0.016 m/person for a room with one exit and 0.0133 m/person for a room with two exits.

In this paper, a simplified regression equation that estimates spectral diffuse solar irradiance between 0.3 and 2.5 μm under all-weather conditions from broadband diffuse solar irradiance, is presented. Furthermore, three kinds of correction equations to correct the regression equation are created using diffuse fraction, air-mass, and precipitable water. Using these equations, we calculated the all-weather spectral diffuse solar irradiance and compared it with the measured values. It was found that average of root mean square error for the estimated spectral diffuse solar irradiance between 0.3 and 2.5 μm decreased by 45.5% due to the effect of using all correction equations.

This study aims to clarify effects of various environmental grades on thermal comfort. Field surveys were conducted in five semi-outdoor spaces in Tokyo, consisting of thermal environment measurement, questionnaires about thermal comfort and impression of surveyed spaces and real-time sensation voting. By impression evaluation and comparison of the regression curves of standard new effective temperature (SET*) against percentage of “uncomfortably warm”, the surveyed spaces were classified into two categories: “outdoor tendency” and “indoor tendency”. By regression analysis of real-time sensation voting result using hierarchical Bayesian approach, environmental grade was clarified to affect the correlation between pleasantness/unpleasantness and air velocity.

In Japan, intermittent air conditioning in living rooms is a common occurrence, and the thermal environment in other rooms is generally cold. Thus, it is necessary to provide a comfortable thermal environment for “Hiesho”. This study aimed to clarify the effects of the heating system on the physiological and psychological responses of “Hiesho” when moving between rooms. The physiological and psychological responses were examined by conducting experiments under five different conditions. The results thus obtained showed that even “Hiesho” feel less cold when floor heating is running in the living room and foot heating is running in other rooms.

This study examines the effect on the overall occupant thermal satisfaction when information is provided on seating movement in an appropriate combination of indoor thermal environment distribution and individual thermal preferences, using an individual thermal preference survey through a subject experiment, CFD analysis, and multi-agent simulation. The modeling of occupant's seat shifting behavior using the allowable PMV band as a new index shows that free addressing and providing information during seat shifting improves the overall occupant's thermal satisfaction. In addition to the recommendation of the destination of the information, the seat exchange recommendation further improves the satisfaction level.

Experiments and questionnaires were conducted at an elementary school to determine the effect of environment monitoring system on ventilation behavior. The LED lamp display according to the carbon dioxide concentration served as a criterion for decision-making on ventilation behavior, and the percentage of carbon dioxide concentrations exceeding the standard (1,000 ppm) decreased for many classrooms. Alternatively, in some classrooms, excessive ventilation was fixed, and the thermal environment was also improved. Moreover, the children’s involvement in opening windows for ventilation increased.

In this study, with the aim of obtaining basic data for proposing odor countermeasures suitable for each department, we examined odor characteristics by patient characteristics using data from a questionnaire survey on odors conducted in hospitals nationwide. As a result, it was found that the timing of odor generation and the type of odor differ depending on patient characteristics, and that in addition to excretory odors generated at specific times, body odor and halitosis, which are always perceived, have an impact on the odor environment. In addition, patient characteristics of each department were identified.

In this report, some energy-saving and thermal comfort improving strategies adopted in a grocery store were estimated by using the store environment analysis CFD model. As results, by replacing the frozen multi-deck display cases with frozen reach-in cases, total energy consumption of cases and air conditioners decreased to 3/4 both in summer and winter, meanwhile it led to a more comfortable thermal environment. In winter, exhausting from the lower part of display cases resulted in 3% decreasing in the total energy consumption, while elongating a supermarket shelf near entrance hardly influenced thermal comfort and energy consumption.

Indoor environmental qualities in offices during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed on the following 4 aspects.

1. Indoor environments during the COVID-19 pandemic were measured in 20 office buildings, indicating that ventilation might have changed from pre-COVID-19.

2. A comparison of the indoor environment in 2020 and 2021 showed an increase in CO₂ concentrations.

3. Occupancy rate and CO₂ concentration had a positive correlation, indicating that workers’ return to offices in 2021 increased CO₂ concentration.

4. The relationship between countermeasures for COVID-19 and indoor environments was analyzed, indicating that mechanical ventilation system might be effective during the COVID-19 pandemic.