This study was designed to record some physiological responses to research relationship between skin temperature, heat discharge and behavioral thermoregulation during sleeps. Changes in skin temperature, heat discharge and behavioral thermoregulation were recorded for 7 hours from 0:00 to 7:00. Changes in skin temperature and heat discharge show that during 0:00-1:30, they rise as time passes in all experimental conditions. One side, average behavioral thermoregulation occurs during 0:00-1:30 more than that of during 0:00-7:00. When average heat discharge during 0:00-1:30 was less than that of during 0:00-7:00,average behavioral thermoregulation during 0:00-1:30 occurs more than that of during 0:00-7:00. Results shows that the less the body loses its heat during 0:00-1:30, the more behavioral thermoregulation occurs.

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The purpose of this study is to find the difference of subjective evaluation properties for stage acoustic condition between conductor and players. In experiments, conductor and two players play music under some modeled sound fields as stage acoustic condition and then they evaluate condition subjectively. As a result, followings were obtained.
1. There is a difference of tendency in subjective evaluation of Reverberation Time between conductor and players.
2. ST1 affects only the subjective evaluation of players.
3. The subjective evaluation of conductor is affected by Early Decay Time rather than RT, while that of players is affected by RT rather than EDT.
4. Conductor perceives Long Path Echo of high level as more negative than players.

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The aim of this study is to suggest proper illuminance and light colors for working under LED lighting environment by evaluation of fatigue, efficiency, comfort, readability and intelligibility. At experiment 1st, 500 [lx] is a standard by calculating 95 percent confidence interval of suitable illuminance. At experiment 2nd, flicker value, distance of near point, visual acuity, self-conscious fatigue are used for evaluating fatigue, comfort, readability and intelligibility. As a result, colors with high purity are unsuitable for working and except yellow and cyan, and pale light colors with a little saturation except green are more suitable than white light color.

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Solar transmittance τ_cl, reflectance ρ_cl and absorptance α_cl of eight different colors of clothing were measured. Solar transmittance increased and reflectance decreased with decreasing solar incidence angle to clothing. Solar absorptance was nearly constant regardless of solar incidence angle. The relationships between colors of clothing and solar transmittance, reflectance and absorptance were studied. Solar reflectance was expressed as a linear function of Munsell value regardless of hue and chroma. Solar transmittance, reflectance and absorptance were expressed as a function of luminance reflectance Y:τ_cl = 0.146 + 0.0017Y, ρ_cl = 0.320+ 0.0052Y, α_cl = 0.535 - 0.0069Y.

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Areaway space can provide wind-driven natural ventilation in the adjacent basement room in residential house design. The accurate prediction of effective air change rate is quite important. However, little is known about this kind of ventilation problem so far. In order to gain more knowledge in this field and make accurate ventilation predictions, direct measurement of ventilation rate was performed in this study by using small scale models in a wind tunnel. In the experiment, with the consideration of ventilation induced only by wind force, we used the constant tracer gas flow technique to measure the time-averaged ventilation rate for 9 wind directions for each case. Furthermore, the relations between the ventilation rate and some ventilation factors including wind direction, opening configuration, width of areaway space, building coverage ratio et al. were investigated and analyzed in detail.

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In order to make clear the relationship between the chemical substances concentration and symptom of sick house syndrome, an investigation of 30 sick houses in Japan has been done for 8 years. Chemical substance concentrations show a decrease as the building age increases. However, there are some houses where concentrations increase due to low air change rate, use of moth crystals for clothes and new furniture. Because there was the case where the improvement of indoor air quality has relieved occupant's symptoms, it must be important to take measures such as ventilation frequently, non use of chemical products or use of low chemical products in the long term to treat “SHS”.

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Phthalates are used as plasticizers and flame retardants in building materials and phthalates emitted in indoor environment tend to adhere to house dust. According to Wensing, infants take dust 10times as adults, so an investigation on the concentration of phthalates in house dust is important. This study examined the concentration of phthalate in house dust in Japan and Korea. Specially, Korea house much used polyvinyl flooring as floor product and also used floor heating system during the winter. As a result, the amount of the collected dust per square meter in Japan house was more than the one in Korea house. In addition, the amount of house dust in Japan was more than the one in Korea house, even in under dust 63μm. And the concentration of DEHP in the houses investigated in Korea was higher than 50 percentile in Germany and some Korea houses were higher than 95 percentile in Germany. Japan houses investigated had lower concentration of DEHP in house dust than 95 percentile in Germany, and some house in Japan were lower than 50 percentile in Germany.

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The “Law for Maintenance of Sanitary Environment in Buildings (established in 1970)” was revised in 2002. According to the revision, individual air-conditioning system was set as the object of the law. However, since it was the outside for the way until now, the actual status of the microbial contamination in an individual air-conditioning system is not known well.
In this study, an office building with an individual air-conditioning system, in which occupants' complain on mould smell, was select to the measurement object. As a result of performing the detailed survey and questionnaire on microbial contamination, it became clear that the "mould smelly" was caused by the fungi in a humidifier.

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Recently, the problem of indoor air pollution by microbes has attracted attention in hospital and other medical facilities. For example, control measures against such as methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and legionnaire pneumophila has been needed. The other hands, reducing of carbon dioxide emission has been a matter of great urgency on environmental problem. In buildings field, saving energy of using or operating building equipment important problem. But, air conditioning equipment occupies the large ratio of energy use for arranging indoor air environment satisfying various demands as medical facilities, for example, cleanliness air for patient, prevention from infection.The object of this study is that establishing of methodology on equipment design and schemes of its operating in hospitals ,considering preservation of suitable environment for medical facility and energy saving. So, we have made a database on hospital facility design in Hokkaido, and analyzed it for the purpose of understanding the present about hospital equipment systems and its operations.

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Distributed energy systems based on cogeneration systems afford excellent energy saving potential through the effective use of waste heat from power generators. However, unless an appropriate combination of machinery and operation are used, the expected performance is not achieved, but it is quite difficult to determine the optimal combination of machinery and operation. The authors had already developed and proposed a new optimal design method for building energy systems or distributed energy systems using genetic algorithms (GA) in some previous studies (e.g. Ooka, R. et al., 2008). GAs are able to handle nonlinear optimization problems. The proposed method designs the most efficient energy system by optimizing operation of available systems with consideration for the optimal machinery capacity in the systems. However, it is only intended to optimize primary energy consumption. In practical applications, it is necessary that the method is able to search for optimal energy systems based on various objectives, such as environmental impact factors, economic factors, building structure factors, and so on. Therefore, the method was improved in this study to enable examination of energy systems with various objectives using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA). This study developed the optimal design method for energy systems in a single building as the first step, with the aim of establishing the optimal design method for a distributed energy system. A case study involving a hospital building was carried out to examine the application potential of the method as the optimal design tool.

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This research is aimed to propose the method of calculating COP of the residential air conditioner, and to clarify an energy conservation performance and the best operation method. Because the information on the performance of residential air conditioners that we can obtain is usually limited, we propose the calculation method of COP which can be predicted from general catalog information. First, the change in the refrigerating cycle by the outside temperature and the amount of the heat supply was analyzed. Next, the characteristic of COP change was clarified by the theoretic refrigerating cycle COP. Finally, we led the prediction method of COP based on the similarity of the relation between power consumption and the heat supply.

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In this paper, we analyzed the children's play during recess in a elementary school, at especially courtyard on the examination from the one-year. The thermal environment of courtyard is different from the environment of playground by the materials of ground and the influence of sunlight reflected by the surrounding walls. And courtyard is the important place for outdoor playground taken place with school ground for lower classes' children. Moreover, we clarified courtyard is the really interesting playground in the point of interchanges between different age children and diversity of kind of play. Play at courtyard is related with air temperature, sunshine and wind velocity, especially wind over 2m/s disturbs play in all seasons. So we need to hold strong wind in planning for courtyard. And we found children select between shine or shadow at courtyard. So it's important to layout properly sun and shadow area at courtyard.

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Energy consumption survey is conducted in a university campus with co-generation system used for 22 years. According to the hourly data in a complete year, the performance of the whole system including the electricity generation, waste heat recovery, and gas consumption, the operating conditions and the overall energy efficiency is analyzed. The overall energy efficiency reaches 43% to 69%, which shows this energy system still maintains good performance. Then it is pointed out that the correlation coefficient between the energy consumption for cooling and the natural logarithm of outside air temperature exceeds 0.9 in this article. And the load curves for multi-unit control are also illustrated, which can be used to evaluate the performance of the whole system. Furthermore, the authors propose the optimization of the number of operating gas turbines, which improves 2% the overall energy efficiency in summer.

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