This study examined the pressurization smoke control method in the congregated vertical shaft in case of an underground fire. The pressurization smoke control can secure a refuge route by preventing an invasion of smoke to lobby. The congregated vertical shaft exhaust system is a method to shut smoke out of a room. However, it can happen that smoke exhausted from a lower floor leaks from an exhaust opening of an upper floor congregated vertical shaft. Therefore, in this study, for the purpose of grasping the behavior of the leakage of smoke in congregated vertical shaft with pressurization smoke control system, an equation to determine the rate of smoke leakage from the dimension of the building and the behavior of the fire is shown theoretically. Furthermore, a simple method for the design of the shaft setup height and the shaft cross-section area is proposed from the viewpoint of prevention of smoke leakage.

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The purpose of this paper is the establishment of the method to confirm at the normal temperature that the pressurization smoke control system is able to block off smoke in case of the fire. A theory is constructed to determine the opening condition of smoke insulation door at the normal temperature which realizes the air flow rate equivalent to that in case of the fire. Although the opening information in the actual building usually does not agree with that in the planning, it is necessary to know the opening information in the actual building. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a procedure to know the opening information by two measurements at normal temperature., and the same time, to judge whether the system is able to block off smoke in case of fire. Moreover the simplified method is proposed for evaluating the performance to block off smoke only from the measurement of one case where the door is fully opened door at the normal temperature. As shown in the example, it would be possible to judge the appropriateness of pressurization smoke control system based on the result of the measurement at the normal temperature.

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The authors had previously proposed a method of evaluating fire safety in office buildings, based on a combination of statistical data and survey data obtained from questionnaires. The fire safety performance of the building and the characteristic value for "Fire damage area and Fire damage area rate" as the damaged quantities, was analyzed to develop an overall simplified index for the relationship. In this paper, the approach is applied to office buildings, factories and hospital to try and confirm the possibility of expanding the proposed method from the viewpoint of fire damage area rate as the damaged quantities to these building occupancies. Fire damage area rate was calculated by using fire preventing zone area or total floor area and fire damage area by "Fire report". With analyzing the properties of fire damage area rate, it was tried to examine the relation between the hard factor and the soft factor that was important factor and the influence of the regulations system to the fire damage area rate.

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Factor analysis of semantic differential data, with forty-eight cases of collegiate lecture rooms psychologically assessed by students during regular classes, has established that distance evaluation forms diagonal coordinates together with overall evaluation. Multiple regression analysis has then explained psychological distance in five variables: room depth, natural lighting, illumination, window-opening ratio and student density. The ratio of room depth to breadth and main window area on both sides are also explanatory variables, supporting hypotheses of tunnel effect and window-frame rhythms as increasing factor. A multiple-regression equation explaining 69.4% of variance has revealed that 100-180 lx increase of illumination should compensate 1.8m decrease in room depth.

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Temperature and moisture fields in the underground structure and its surrounding earth ground are described by simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equations. Due to the nonlinearity, therefore, the complicated and tedious numerical calculation has to be performed in each time under the different boundary values for their predictions. If the linearization of the system with adequate accuracy can be achieved, a solution can be obtained simply by applying the superposition principle. In this study, from this point of view, the possibility of linearization of the system for the heat load prediction problem in the basements is investigated. In this paper (Part 2), a linearized prediction method of the heat load in the basements under the optional time fluctuation of various meteorological conditions is proposed and the validity is clarified.

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The object of this study is to develop a new assessment method for indoor air quality using biosensor system which can evaluate airborne hazards directly because it uses the behavior of organisms as an indicator of air quality. In this study, Medaka, a type of Japanese killifish, was chosen as the biosensor media. Recorded by CCD cameras, the 3D swimming motions of the Medaka in water containing chemical substances are quantified. When exposed to water containing chemical substances, the Medaka shows several types of abnormal behavior. Accordingly, the correlation between the degree of chemical pollution in the water and such behavior by the fish is investigated. Based on this system, the level of chemical substance (i.e. pollution) in the air can be predicted by the movements of the Medaka.

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This report presents an experimental study with the aim of developing a horizontal fixture drainage branch system to facilitate liberal drainage planning for apartment housing while intending to verify system performance and discuss design techniques. Partly, the report verifies the performance of the combined drainage system, which is applied to the infill of long-lasting SI houses, and discusses the system design. To be more specific, first, the relation between carrying performance decline in the sewage system and the characteristics of drainage from sanitary fixtures, i.e. the biggest cause of drainage problems, was examined through experiments in the laboratory. Next, the abovementioned system was used on the actual super high-rise apartment building to carry out item-to-item system performance evaluation, using both simple and detailed methods which were explained in the previous report. The system design was also discussed.

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Air-conditioners are going to be set up in public elementary schools. The installation rate reached 64% in Tokyo 23 wards in 2007. The increase of energy consumption is a concern as air-conditioner use spreads all over the country. In this study, the forecast of energy consumption until 2030 is illustrated. This is calculated by forecasting the number of classes in which air-conditioners have been installed and the air-conditioning load in each 47 prefectures. In addition, the energy-saving measures such as natural ventilation and Low-e glass are accounted. It is possible to reduce energy consumption to the level of 1990 by 2030, when all the measures and improvement in COP of air-conditioner are taken.

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We researched and calculated the percentage of wood that is wasted at the forest and the lumber mill. We measured the energy used at these two locations and the lumber market. We also calculated the amount of CO₂ emissions from energy consumption at these three locations and in the transporting of the wood.
The following results were obtained.
1) The embodied CO₂ of northern Nagano Japanese cedar and eastern Nagano Japanese larch were 241.37kg-CO₂/m³ and 254.53kg-CO₂/m³ respectively.
2) The CO₂ emissions from the construction of the house that was made from local wood could reduce CO₂ emissions by 39%, compared to the construction of the house that was made from imported wood.

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