With the development of environmental psychology, many impression evaluation experiments using semantic differential method were being conducted. However, research question rose that there could be a system to organize those words, or selected basic words that could be used throughout those studies.

 This research aimed to organize impression evaluative words used in interior evaluation. First, words were gathered from previous researches, bibliographic research and interior related websites. Keywords such as “impressive evaluation” and “atmospheric evaluation” were used to search previous researches, and about 40 studies were gathered, but only one of related researches were listed in reference since the aim is to pick up the evaluative words. Words were coordinated in following ways. In a monopolar case of semantic differential method, such as natural vs. unnatural, positive evaluative word was picked up, and in a bipolar case, such as natural vs. artificial, both evaluative words were picked up. When gathering the similar words, obvious negative nuance words were avoided. 85 words from previous researches, 104 words from bibliographic research and 49 words from interior related websites were taken. After gathering, words were divided into 7 groups; subjective words, ambiguous words, stylistic words, space-limited words, behavioral words, non-visual words and unambiguous words. Within those groups, unambiguous words (91 words) were targeted for organize.

 Next, impression evaluation experiment was conducted targeting variation of toilet spaces of retail buildings. 15 subjects were asked to evaluate the space using 4 rating scale of suitability of 91 evaluative words. Using the results, multi-dimensional correspondence analysis was conducted. The contribution rate shows that, 83% can be explained by 3 dimensions, 88% by 4 dimensions, and 91% by 5 dimensions, which harmonizes with the results of many previous studies that results in 3 to 5 factors of factor analysis. Using those results of factor analysis of the previous studies, correlation analysis was done to see the similarity of the plotting behavior. In most cases, correspondence was seen with one of the factors, which showed the validity of the system. Close comparison was done with the language image scale proposed by Kobayashi, and the test result of crosstabs showed the validity of 4 dimensions. By the plotting of the words, 4 dimensions were named accordingly; warmness axis, activeness axis, heaviness axis and gender axis. Cluster analysis was done using 4 dimension values, resulting in 22 clusters. In order to characterize the plotting, each axis was divided into three areas, and each cluster was plotted according to the coordinate of the average of the cluster. Closest word to the average was selected as the representative word of the cluster. Using 4 dimension, better explanations of the impression evaluative words became possible.

 This research aimed to organize the impression evaluative words used. Through bibliographic research, impression evaluative words were gathered and grouped. Unambiguous words were targeted since the aim was to characterize the impression of the space. Through impression evaluation experiment and its analysis, 4 axis was extracted. As a result, 8 adjectives (warm, cool, active, calm, heavy, light, masculine, feminine) could be the possible sets of words that could characterize the impression of the space. Further study that relates spatial components with the impression axis could be done, which leads to design aid of creating aimed impression.

 In previous combined environmental evaluation reports, we studied the combined effect of the visual and auditory factors and the thermal factor to clarify the "nonspecific scale" (impression of "hot-cold" and "warm-cool") using regression analysis (objective variable: temperature, explanatory variable: nonspecific scale). As a result, the regression slopes representing the impression of "hot-cold" and "warm-cool" to temperature decreased and these shifts suggested that the "attention resource", distributed by the temperature, decreased due to the influence of the visual and auditory factors.

 It may be suggested that this reaction is shown conspicuously in the "nonspecific scale". However, few reports are available on this subject and there are almost no reports that mention the relationships between the "attention distribution" and the "comfortable - uncomfortable" factor. Furthermore, it has been reported that the comprehensive comfortableness factor, "comfortable - uncomfortable", has a close relationship to the "harmonious sensation vote". Therefore, it is necessary to include the "harmonious sensation vote" factor when evaluating the relationship between the comprehensive comfortableness factor and the effect of the environmental factor.

 Therefore, in this study, the authors recognized that the thermal and auditory factors can influence the comprehensive comfortableness factor, "comfortable - uncomfortable", from the point of view of the relationship between that factor and the impression of "hot-cold" and "warm-cool". The following findings were found.

 (1) One-way analysis of variance was employed to clarify the relationships between the "comfortable - uncomfortable" and "harmonious sensation vote" factors and temperature. As a result, neither factor showed any difference in the effect of the auditory factor in either low or high temperatures. However, the two temperature ranges did show one significant difference, in the "distribution of the attention", which may be related to the "moderate stress region (Wyon, 1970).

 (2) Comparing the comprehensive comfortableness votes, "comfortable-uncomfortable", and "familiar-unfamiliar" in the figures, both were thought to be similar, to a considerable degree.

 (3) Regression analysis was used to clarify the differences between the auditory groups. (objective variable: impression of "hot-cold" "warm-cool", explanatory variable: "comfortable - uncomfortable"). As a result, the cooler auditory group had a larger influence on "comfortable - uncomfortable" than BG (background condition), in cases where the impression of "hot-cold", "warm-cool" and "comfortable - uncomfortable" showed liner relationships. However, the warmer auditory group showed a smaller regression slope, compared with the BG, suggesting that the influence of the attention and thermal factors was related to the difference in the regression slopes.

 (4) This study investigated the relationship between "comfortable - uncomfortable" and " harmonious sensation vote" using the one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the auditory factor influenced the "comfortable - uncomfortable" factor in an out-of-harmony environment. However, there was no influence in a harmonious environment. The reason for this difference may have been an interaction between the "harmonious sensation vote" and the auditory factor.

 Many research has been done on noticeability of signboards in the field of visual environment and advertisement. Most of them results in image analysis of a vision from a particular point, and does not incorporate the influence of migratory within the building. This study focused on the predictability of signboard noticeability by using analogy with illuminance calculation. Similar to the previous research, hypothesis was set that visual information acquisition can be calculated using illuminance calculation. Unlike the previous research, analogy was set as following; view point as light source and signboard as light receiving surface. Light source that modeled eyesight attribution was incorporated under 3D lighting simulation of the experimental condition. To test the hypothesis and to derive the threshold value to notice, two experiments were conducted to verify the hypothesis.

 Experiment 1 was conducted at a shopping mall. 18 subjects were asked to find “R” or “r” along the straight walking course. Noticed point and signboard was recorded. There were 17 possible “R” and “r” that could be found. As a result, 187 notice occurred. To consider the relationship between the hypothesis, 3D model was created, and setting the signboard as light receiving surface, noticeability frequency Eβ was calculated. Noticeability frequency at each point vs. number of noticed subjects were plotted, and clear relationship was seen.

 Based on previous study on visibility and legibility, area, luminance contrast, font factor and number of letters were used to derive the induced sight amount E. To derive the threshold value to notice, logistic analysis was conducted. Logistic analysis was chosen, since it can consider the difference of number of noticed subjects. 50% response rate, which corresponds to 9 persons, was calculated, and average of the signboards per person was calculated as 0.086. To understand the significance of the value, induced sight amount E of Landolt ring was calculated. As a result, the threshold value was near to condition of visual acuity of 0.7.

 Experiment 2 was conducted to verify the threshold value. Similar experiment was done, and subjects were asked to find “C” or “c” at a different route. To use the data as verification, 3D simulation was done to calculate noticeability frequency and induced sight amount. Points exceeding the threshold value were derived, and relationship with the numbers of noticed people was seen. However, in case of exceeding drastically, in case of signboard at higher floor and in case of existing competitive signboard, the prediction error increased. Further analysis has to be done to increase the predictability.

 Spatial brightness is the impression as to brightness perceived when one observes a certain space, and it is one of the factors to control the comfortableness of the space. There are currently lots of indices in Japan to estimate the spatial brightness, however, the reliability and applicability of those indices are still vague. In this paper it is aimed to clarify the applicable range of arithmetic and geometric average luminance for estimating spatial brightness, compared with the interpretability of the arithmetic average luminance of walls and a ceiling.

 The subjective experiment was conducted in the mock-up of general offices with four kinds of luminaires: ceiling lights, downlights, wall-washer lights and pendant lights. The size of the entire space was 12.3m in wide, 5.6m in depth and 4.0m in height, and the half of the space was also used as one of the experimental conditions. The reflectance was 85.4% for the ceiling and 20.7% for the floor, and two levels of the wall reflectance, 80% and 20.7%, were prepared. The three levels of arithmetic average luminance were chosen from 6, 17, 50, 100cd/m2 for each luminaire condition. Subjects evaluated the spatial brightness by observing the space over 180 or 360-degree field of view, adjusting the brightness in the reference dome / rectangular box at the same level as the space, and evaluating the appropriateness of the spatial brightness as office ambient lightings on 7 point scales. The reference dome box had uniform luminance and the rectangular box was a 1/8 scale model of an 8-tatami living room, and the adjusted luminance of both boxes showed the strong correlation. Therefore, the adjusted luminance of the reference dome box was used in the following analysis.

 The main results are as follows: 1) the arithmetic average luminance over 180 / 360-degree field of view has higher interpretability than geometric mean of luminance over the same field of view, 2) the arithmetic average luminance on the walls and ceiling is also inferior to the arithmetic average luminance in interpretability for the spatial brightness estimation.

 Daylight harvesting is now attracting attention not only from energy saving but also from the viewpoint of improving the health and comfort of people working in the building. Daylighting standards, such as EN 17037:2018, provides the target values to obtain sufficient daylight, and also prescribe the evaluation criteria for view and glare.

 We used a Meta_Simulation platform that combined Radiance and NewHASP to evaluate lighting and air conditioning energy of exterior and interior sun shading devices. We confirmed the behaviour of basic parameters by combining glare and view evaluations from Radiance and using the graphical algorithm editor Grasshopper to calculate air conditioning/lighting energy, glare index and view. By utilizing the plug-in software OCTOPUS, we evaluated air conditioning/lighting energy usage, glare, and view based on four variables of exterior and interior sun shading devices and the optimal solution for Tokyo (Hyakuri) was confirmed.

 For glare, the vertical illuminance of the viewpoint was not high in the building targeted by our simulation, and because no cases exceeded the allowable simplified DGP value of 0.35, the threshold was lowered to evaluate glare in the multi-objective optimization calculation.

 Under the European Standard, view is evaluated based upon the horizontal angle of the window, the distance to adjacent buildings, and the number of layers for sky, landscape, and ground that can be seen (European committee for standardization, 2019). We used a simple evaluation based upon the ratio of sky that could be seen from a sample point, however it is possible to incorporate the view metrics of the EN 17037:2018 into our new module using Radiance.

 We conducted a multi-objective optimization calculation for the annual fixed angle of vertical louvers and of blinds typically used in the sun shading devices. In the future, we plan to apply optimization calculations to complex sun shading devices such as slat cut-off angle controls for blinds, moveable or curved surfaces for exterior sun shading.

 This paper describes the effects of retrofitting budget hotel rooms with double-glazed windows on the thermal environment and guests’ heating utilization. Two surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2018 at a hotel in Chiba which has been in business since 1992.

 Survey I was conducted in the winter of 2016, following an insulation retrofit during which double-glazed windows were installed as an inner window in some guest rooms. In this survey, the thermal environment and comfort of rooms with and without the inner window were compared.

 We also describe the effect of information, such as the room’s air temperature indicated by a thermometer and a leaflet explaining the heat-retention effects of the double-glazed windows, on guests’ use of heating systems. Survey II was conducted in the winter of 2018 and involved field measurements and a questionnaire survey. In this survey, guests’ heating utilization was compared among rooms with the inner window and information, rooms with the inner window and no information, and rooms without the inner window.

 The results of Surveys I and II were as follows.

 1) When the outside air temperature was between 0 and 12°C, the air temperature inside rooms with the inner window was between 20 and 32°C, while the temperature inside rooms without the inner window was 19 to 31°C. The indoor window surface temperature in the rooms with the inner window was between 14 and 33°C, while the indoor window surface temperature in the rooms without the inner window which was the single-glazed window was between 9 and 34°C.

 2) After the installation of the inner window, the indoor window surface temperature was always higher than the dew-point temperature, and the vertical temperature difference in the room was smaller.

 3) The heat loss coefficient in the rooms with and without the inner window was 0.8 W/(m²･K) and 1.4 W/(m²･K), respectively. The period of heater utilization in rooms with the inner window was 20% shorter than in the rooms without the inner window.

 4) In rooms equipped with the thermometer to indicate the room’s air temperature and with the leaflet left as information guests about the effects of the double-glazed windows on heat retention, guests set the temperature of the thermostat lower and used the heater 10% less than guests in the rooms without the thermometer.

 The improvement of the energy-saving performance of the houses and buildings remains a necessity in Japan, with efforts being made to enhance the thermal insulation of houses. The amelioration of the thermal insulation of a house is important for energy savings, health, and ensuring quality of life. We assumed low general resident consciousness with respect to high thermal insulation as the rationale for this study. Therefore, we used a questionnaire to clarify the true state of resident consciousness. We also identified the problems associated with the promotion of thermal insulation and examined the remedial measures for such problems. The principal results are outlined below.

 ◆ For new houses

 ・ The percentage of people interested in ensuring high thermal insulation standards continues to increase; however, many people, especially the young, remain poorly aware of the insulation requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize the masses.

 ・ Focusing on high thermal insulation standards while purchasing a new house results in satisfaction with respect to the thermal environment; however, in this case, it will be difficult for the residents to evaluate the required thermal insulation performance.

 ・ Therefore, architects should improve their knowledge with respect to the importance of high thermal insulation standards and thermal insulation performance as well as their skills for educating the home owners.

 ◆ For the existing houses

 ・ Many houses have failed to renovate the thermal insulation and earthquake resistance systems compared to renovate the visible portions and the facilities.

 ・ The willingness to renovate thermal insulation is high in case of people under 40 but many lack the necessary economic condition.

 → Dissemination of the information on the long-term benefits and the expansion and extension of the financial support system are necessary.

 ・People in the 50s are highly motivated to rebuild.

 →Information is required for comparing the cost and performance of renovation when compared with those of rebuilding.

 ・The elderly have a low desire for renovation because of uncertainty associated with how long they will live in the house.

 → Providing information about the health hazards and proposing insulation renovation without relocation would be helpful.

 ・Proposals for reducing the construction cost by simultaneously performing thermal insulation renovation and other renovations are required.

 ・ Information about the renovation requirements should be accessible from public organizations, including the public relations magazines.

 ◆ Common factors in case of the new and existing houses

 ・ People with low interest and awareness should be informed about the comfort, health, and energy-saving benefits of high thermal insulation standards.

 ・ Because the difference in the effect due to the thermal insulation performance is confusing, it is necessary to establishing facilities and opportunities to experience the difference

 The building in our study features a green façade, a heat source system with renewable energy, natural ventilation, and a thermo-active building system (TABS). The floor plan of the building has an open hallway along the windows as a "perimeter aisle, ” and the combination of this open hallway and the green façade functions as a thermal buffer zone. Two air-conditioning systems are installed in this building— a ceiling radiation air-conditioning system, and a whole-floor blow-off air-conditioning system. The ceiling radiation air-conditioning system employs a reverse slab structure. In this system, ceiling radiation is performed by allowing cold or hot water to flow through a pipe buried in a ceiling slab. The ceiling radiation air-conditioning system employs a ceiling consisting of a concrete slab with a large thermal capacity; this raises the comfort and stability of the indoor thermal environment. This building also features TABS. Since the late 1990s, many buildings in Europe have installed TABS. However, only a few buildings in Japan have installed TABS. The authors surveyed the heat flux of the ceiling surface and indoor thermal environment of the building from 2017 through 2018. The ceiling utilizes the heat storage of concrete, and maintained a constant temperature in the workplace when the air conditioning system was switched off on a holiday. In that regard, making use of the thermal behavior of the skeleton improves the operation of the ceiling radiation air-conditioning system. The thermal environment of the perimeter is stabilized by the autonomous thermal behavior of the skeleton in an operating ceiling radiation air conditioning system. A time lag in the heat flux occurs because of the heat behavior of the skeleton in a building with TABS. The heat flow of the ceiling surface after office hours was reduced by advancing the operative schedule by two hours, and the ceiling radiation air conditioning system operated efficiently, thereby suppressing energy waste. In addition, it was confirmed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air-source heat pump (HP) increased with a peak shift of the heat source load, because of cool early morning outdoor air.