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Kow-Jen Duan, Dey-Chyi Sheu, Jen-Shin Chen
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1811-1815
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Aβ-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) was purified to homogeneity from Aspergillus japonicus TIT-KJ1. The enyme had an optimum pH for activity of 5.4 and pH stability at 7.0-8.4. The optimum temperature at pH 5.4 was 60°C. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 236, 000 with two subunits and an isoelectric point of pH 4.0. The enzyme was inactivated by 5 mM Hg
2+ and Ag
+. The enzyme had a high transfructosylating activity. Treatment of 50% (w/v) sucrose with the enzyme under optimum conditions afforded more than 55% fructooligosaccharides.
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Osato Miyawaki, Hiroyuki Kuwaharada, Mieko Yoshikawa, Toshimasa Yano, ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1816-1819
Published: November 23, 1993
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Application of a hot-wire viscosity sensor, which measures the intensity of the natural convection around a hot wire, have been limited to the stagnant systems. For the adaptation of the hot-wire viscosity sensor to flowing systems, the hot-wire viscosity sensor was protected from the effects of the flow by using a stainless steel shield. The shield was normally left open, and was closed only when the measurement was done. Although the hot-wire sensor response was influenced by the flow outside the shield through the high thermal conductivity of the shield material, this effect could be eliminated when the sensor was used at a sufficiently high flow rate outside the shield. The shielded hot-wire sensor responded well to changes in the viscosity of the test fluid in a wide range of viscosity. The effects of the size of the shield and the heat-flux applied on the sensor response were investigated. The shielded hot-wire viscosity sensor was used for the monitoring of the hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase.
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Kimikazu Iwami, Keigo Kawabe, Fumio Ibuki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1820-1825
Published: November 23, 1993
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Soybean trypsin inhibitor of Kunitz type (STI) was modified by reduced alkylation with NaBH
4 and HCHO, and examined for resistance to in vitro digestion from the viewpoint of inhibitory activity and immunoreactivity. Methylated STI was exactly alike in that respect. Hence, STI was in part replaced by its [
14C]methyl-labeled specimen and their (17 : 3) mixture was used as a proteinous and unabsorbable marker for digestibility experiments. When STI was immunochemically measured in intraluminal leavings in segments of the rat digestive tract, its recovery decreased progressively with the elapse of time. As a result of radioactivity measurement, however, the recovery of [
14C]labeled STI proved almost quantitative all together over a period of 7 h postprandial. Concurrently, gastric emptying and intestinal transit of digesta were assessed in terms of intraluminal STI movement. After moving out from the stomach, STI rapidly passed through the upper small intestine with depression of the trypsin activity, and stayed in the lower small intestine for a few or several hours (all that while, the trypsin activity was not depressed so much). A similar pattern was observed for the intraluminal movement of a food additive 'indigo carmine' in another experiment. It was assumed from these observations that digesta would also have gone past the upper small bowel irrespective of ingesting either a powdered 20% casein diet or a dumpling-kneaded artificial bait.
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Tatsuya Shinoda, Fumitaka Hayase, Nguyen Chuyen Van, Hiromichi Kato
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1826-1831
Published: November 23, 1993
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We investigated the mechanism of recognition by murine peritoneal macrophages of bovine serum albumin (BSA) modified with glucose and 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), the main intermediate compound in the Maillard reaction of proteins with glucose. A scatchard analysis of the binding data of BSA incubated with 3DG for 17 days (3DG-BSA 17d) and of glycated BSA indicated two binding sites, each with a different binding affinity, in both cases. The apparent K
d values for the higher affinity sites of 3DG-BSA 17d and of glycated BSA were 8.5 nM and 4.6 nM, and those for the lower affinity ones were 0.95μM and 1.3μM, respectively. 3DG-BSA 17d and glycated BSA competed with each other in the specific binding to macrophages, this binding being most effectively inhibited by maleylated BSA and polyinosinic acid. The binding of 3DG-BSA 17 d and glycated BSA to the type I macrophage scavenger receptor [Kodama et al. Nature, 343, 531-535 (1990)] was investigated, because these modified BSAs share binding sites with maleylated BSA and polyinosinic acid. It was found that 3DG-BSA 17d and glycated BSA could be recognized by the type I macrophage scavenger receptor expressed on COS cells, and that the affinity of 3DG-modified BSA for the receptor increased with increasing time of incubation for BSA with 3DG. We suggest that this can be explained by the lower pI values for 3DG-BSA 17d and glycated BSA than that for the control BSA.
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Tatsuji Sakamoto, Junji Yoshinaga, Takeshi Shogaki, Takuo Sakai
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1832-1837
Published: November 23, 1993
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Chemical structures of pectic substances degraded by protopectinase-C (PPase-C) were characterized to identify the releasing mechanism of pectin from sugar beet protopectin by the action of that enzyme. The substrate of PPase-C was a polysaccharide isolated from sugar beet pulp by extraction with NaOH and sequential digestions with rhamnogalacturonase (PPase-T), β-1, 4-D-galactanase, and α-L-arabinofuranosidase. The structure of this polysaccharide was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), NMR analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was identified as α-1, 5-L-arabinan. According to our results, arabinan chains seemed to be connected to rhamnogalacturonan through a chain of β-1, 4-D-galactan. PPase-C hydrolyzed both linear α-1, 5-L-arabinan and ramified L-arabinan in a random manner, producing L-arabinose. From these results, PPase-C could be classified as arabinan endo-1, 5-α-L-arabinase [EC 3.2.1.99]. Moreover, PPase-C seemed to split the L-arabinan of the polysaccharides connecting the rhamnogalacturonan to the other constituents of the plant cell wall in sugar beet pulp, releasing water-soluble pectin.
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Masayuki Takahashi, Yasukazu Ohmoto, Keiko Mizuno, Kazuya Yamanishi, Y ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1838-1843
Published: November 23, 1993
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A sensitive and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was developed using recombinant human M-CSF (rhM-CSF) as tracer and immunogen. The assay was quantitative over the range of 50 pg/ml and 5.0 ng/ml for M-CSF in human urine and serum, and more sensitive and specific than the murine bone marrow assay. The average level of human M-CSF in urine from normal males (N= 71) and females (N= 46) was 3.94±1.78 ng/ml (2.85±1.15μg/g creatinine), and 3.53±1.70ng/ml(3.31±1. 12pg/g creatinine), respectively. The serum levels were 1.95±0.38 ng/ml for males (N=117), and 1.93±0.49 ng/ml for females, (N= 16). The results with the urine and sera showed that there was no difference in the M-CSF levels due to age or gender.
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Kazunari Ohta, Keizaburo Minami, Harutoshi Yoshikawa, Yasuo Ishida
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1844-1848
Published: November 23, 1993
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Phenoxypropionic acid derivatives (Ia-s) with an imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine moiety were synthesized and their herbicidal activities were examined. The activities were affected dramatically by the substituents on the imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine ring, and good substituents to enhance the herbicidal activity were a cyano group at the 3-position and a chlorine atom at the 6-position. Among the compounds, n-propyl 2-[4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-2-imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridinyloxy)phenoxy]propionate(Iq) was most active against gramineous weeds and the activity was comparable to that of the commercial herbicide fluazifop-butyl.
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Shioka Hamamatsu, Tatsuki Aiso, Masamichi Takagi, Isao Shibuya, Akinor ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1849-1853
Published: November 23, 1993
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Two phospholipid-biosynthetic enzymes of mitochondria, phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase (PGPS) and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD), have been assayed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under various culture conditions. D-Glucose, but not D-fructose, D-galactose, or nonfermentable lactate, repressed PGPS activity in wild-type cells, as well as in a rho
0 mutant that lacked the mitochondrial DNA. On the contrary, PSD activity was enhanced specifically by culturing with D-glucose. myo-Inositol not only repressed PGPS and PSD but also altered divergently the activities of several mitochondrial enzymes. Novel mutants defective in PSD activity were isolated and shown to display the pet phenotypes, suggesting the presence of regulatory linkage between respiratory functions and PSD in mitochondria. These results indicate that D-glucose and myo-inositol play special roles by widely regulating the cellular functions to adapt to nutritional environments.
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Takeshi Yamagami, Gunki Funatsu
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1854-1861
Published: November 23, 1993
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The complete amino acid sequence of rye seed chitinase-c (RSC-c) has been analyzed. This was done by first sequencing the tryptic peptides from RCm-RSC-c and then connecting them by analyzing the peptides produced by digestions with lysylendopeptidase and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease of RCm-RSC-c, and by chymotryptic digestion and formic acid cleavage of S. aureus V8 protease peptides. RSC-c consists of 243 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 26, 093, and has 92% sequence homology with barley seed basic chitinase which lacks a Cys-rich domain. Cys204 is free and six cysteine residues are linked by disulfide bonds between Cys23 and Cys85, Cys97 and Cys105, and Cys223 and Cys236.
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Yasuko Yoshizawa, Atsushi Enomoto, Hirofumi Todoh, Akio Ametani, Shuic ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1862-1866
Published: November 23, 1993
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Two discrete immunomodulating fractions were obtained from marine algae (Porphyra yezoensis): one was the Porphyra water-soluble fraction (PWSF) which was extracted with hot water from the whole body of algae, and the other was the Porphyra acid-soluble fraction (PASF) which was extracted with acid from the residue. The major constituent in both PWSF and PASF was a polysaccharide, the total sugar concentration in PWSF (56.4%) being lower than that in PASF (82.2%). The high contents of 3, 6-anhydrogalactose and sulfate indicated the porphyran structure in PWSF and PASF. The results of an in vitro culture assay with proteose peptone-induced macrophages from mice revealed that PWSF and PASF both enhanced glucose consumption, as well as the production of nitrite and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but that these were increased more by PWSF than by PASF. PWSF augmented IL-1 secretion from these macrophages, while PASF did not. On the other hand, the carbon clearance activity of phagocytes from mice injected intraperitoneally with PASF was higher than that from PWSF-injected mice. The injection of PASF into mice also enhanced the carbon clearance activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the two individual fractions possessed the ability to activate macrophages in vitro and in vivo in different ways.
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Akira Ikeda, Katsumi Imaizumi, Michihiro Sugano
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1867-1872
Published: November 23, 1993
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The interaction of dietary protein, casein (CAS) or soybean protein (SOY), and fats (perilla oil high in α-linolenic acid or safflower oil high in linoleic acid) on various lipid parameters and plasma amino acids was studied in a rat model sensitive to dietary cholesterol (exogenous hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats). The hypolipidemic effect of SOY in comparison with that of CAS was confirmed in this model irrespective of the fat source. Thus, the hypocholesterolemic effect of SOY appeared to be intrinsic. However, the effects of dietary protein on the fatty acid composition of tissue phospholipids, Δ6 desaturase activity in liver microsomes and aortic prostacyclin production were marginal. An analysis of plasma amino acids suggests a regulatory role of specific amino acid(s) in the hypocholesterolemic effect of SOY.
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Takamasa Kasai, Toshihiro Watanabe, Katsuhiro Inoue, Tadao Hasegawa
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1873-1876
Published: November 23, 1993
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Cadmium and zinc-binding proteins similar to metallothionein have been isolated from housefly larvae (Musca domestica) exposed to cadmium chloride. Amino acid composition analysis found a high half-cystine content and an apparent minimum molecular weight of 5225. Metal-binding proteins of Musca domestica contained 3.9 g-atoms and 4.5 g-atoms of heavy metals per mole, respectively, and showed the spectral characteristic of cadmium-thionein, i. e., a broad shoulder at 250 nm and low residual absorption at 280 nm. The simple and specific replacement of cadmium and zinc bound to the protein with a cupric ion indicates that proteins have mercaptide bonding with a high affinity for copper. The molecular weight of the proteins modified with Ellman's reagent was 5300±250 when measured by gel filtration in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride.
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Hitosi Agematu, Norio Shibamoto, Hiroshi Nishida, Rokuro Okamoto, Taka ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1877-1881
Published: November 23, 1993
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Laccase from Coriolus versicolor and bilirubin oxidases from Trachyderma tsunodae and Myrothecium verrucaria converted 4-hydroxymandelic acid (HMA) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine into 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (HBA), which was a single product and was not converted further. The reactions were oxidative decarboxylations that were considered to be caused by the enzyme-catalyzed abstractions of hydrogen from the phenolic hydroxyl groups. The decarboxylation of HMA was used for a new colorimetric measurement of the activities of these enzymes. One unit of the enzymes was defined as the amount that catalyzed the formation of 1μmol of HBA per minute. When HMA was used for a substrate, the optimum pHs of laccase, bilirubin oxidase from T. tsunodae, and bilirubin oxidase from M. verrucaria were 4.5, 5.0, and 8.5, respectively, and their K
m values were 31.3mM, 34.5mM, and 22.3mM, respectively.
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Masaki Okano, Haruhiko Suga, Seiji Masuda, Masaya Nagao, Hiroshi Narit ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1882-1885
Published: November 23, 1993
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We isolated erythropoietin (Epo) from anemic-rat serum with 1.3×10
6-fold purification and 38% recovery using immunoaffinity chromatography. The isolated Epo migrated in SDS polyacrylamide gel with a molecular size of 37 kDa. Biological properties of rat Epo were compared with those of human Epo using target cells of primate and murine origins. When murine cells were used as target cells for assaying Epo, rat Epo stimulated proliferation of the cells with a 50% lower potency than did human Epo. The activity of rat Epo on human cells was only 25% of that of human Epo. Studies of Epo binding to the receptor indicated that rat and human Epos were not distinguishable in binding to murine cells ; however, rat Epo bound to the receptor on human cells with an affinity much lower than that of human Epo. Rat Epo was digested with N-glycanase. Complete removal of N-linked sugars converted the native Epo to the deglycosylated form with 18 kDa. The in vitro activity of deglycosylated Epo was 2.5-fold higher than that of the native Epo.
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Shinichi Takaichi, Jun-ichi Ishidsu
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1886-1889
Published: November 23, 1993
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The influence of growth temperature (21-41°C) and light intensity on compositions of four carotenoids, and of fatty acids from carotenoid glucoside ester (carotenoid K-G-FA) and from the cellular lipids in Rhodococcus rhodochrous RNMS1 were quantitatively investigated. Lowering the temperature increased the total carotenoid content and the proportion of carotenoid K-G-FA. It increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in both carotenoid K-G-FA and the cellular lipids, decreased that of saturated ones, and slightly decreased that of branched-chain ones. This bacterium adapted itself to low temperature by desaturating its fatty acids. The light intensity affected neither the content and the composition of carotenoids nor the composition of the fatty acids in carotenoid K-G-FA and the cellular lipids. This bacterium was a scotochromogenic strain.
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Katsumi Shibata, Takako Kondo
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1890-1893
Published: November 23, 1993
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The effects of the ovarian hormones progesterone and estrone on the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinamide in rats were investigated. Female rats were fed for 35 days with a 20% casein diet, or with a 20% casein diet containing 0.1% progesterone, or 0.001% estrone, or 0.1% progestrone and 0.001% estrone. The conversion ratio of tryptophan to nicotinamide on the last day of the experiment was 2% in the groups fed with the 20% casein diet and the diet containing 0.1% progesterone, but around 1. 2% in the group fed with 0.001% estrone, and 0.7% in the group fed with 0.1% progesterone and 0.001% estrone. These results demonstrated that administration of ovarian hormones significantly decreased the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinamide.
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Yoshikiyo Sasagawa, Yoshiyuki Kamio, Yuko Matsubara, Yoshiko Matsubara ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1894-1898
Published: November 23, 1993
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A collagenolytic bacterial strain was isolated from soil and was identified as Cytophaga sp. It produced several kinds of collagenase and protease. From the supernatant of a culture, a collagenase was purified as a single protein band upon SDS-PAGE and its molecular mass was estimated to be 120kDa. Collagen and gelatin were good substrates for this enzyme. β-Casein was cleaved by this enzyme at several sites.
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Shinzo Kagabu, Itone Kaku
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1899-1901
Published: November 23, 1993
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The title compounds were prepared simply by treatment of 2-substituted 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-propenylisothiuronium salts with alkali in a two-phase system.
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Yuji Oda, Hiroyuki Iwamoto, Keitaro Hiromi, Kenzo Tonomura
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1902-1905
Published: November 23, 1993
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α-glucosidase was partially purified 103-fold from a cell-free extract of Torulaspora pretoriensis YK-1by column chromatography on Toyopearl HW55F, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, hydroxylapatite and phenyl-Toyopearl 650M. Further purification by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)gave the homogenous protein, but the specific activity was reduced. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 69, 000 by SDS-PAGE and 60, 000 by gel filtration. Optimum pH and temperature were 6.8 and 35°C, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited strongly by AgNO
3, HgCl
2, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and N-ethylmaleimide. The K
m (mM) for p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside, maltose, maltotriose, isomaltose, methylα-glucoside, and sucrose were 0.15, 150, 45, 17, 18, and 29, and V
max (μmol / min / mg protein) for those substrates were 87, 0.23, 2.4, 9.0, 12, and 7.4, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was PEVKNHPETQPKWWKEATVY. The properties of α-glucosidase from T. pretoriensis YK-1 were similar to those from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Takeshi Kitahara, Norio Suzuki, Koshi Koseki, Kenji Mori
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1906-1909
Published: November 23, 1993
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The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-allosamizoline (2a), the aminocyclitol moiety of allosamidin (1a), was achieved by starting from D-glucosamine (3). Intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition was adopted as the key step to construct a functional cyclopentane ring system with proper stereochemistry.
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Zuglul Ayub Haider, Mitsuo Arai, Kiyoshi Hirabayashi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1910-1912
Published: November 23, 1993
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Degummed silk was dissolved in a mixture of CaCl
2 and ethanol at low temperature. The concentration and pH of the centrifuged, filtered, and dialyzed silk solution were adjusted, and then it was kept in an air-conditioned room for gelation. The mechanism of the gelation and the gel structure were studied. It was found that the gel was formed due to the formation of beta-structure in the fibroin solution. The gelation was dependent on the pH of the fibroin solution.
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Toshinobu Hoshi, Kazuya Koizumi, Yukiharu Sato, Ko Wakabayashi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1913-1915
Published: November 23, 1993
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The phytotoxic action of five N-aryl-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydroisophthalimides (isoimides) synthesized was studied using green microalga (Scenedesmus acutus) and sawa millet (Echinochloa utilis). Isoimides had the same phytotoxic activity as that of imides and amide-acids. This fact indicates that isoimides are peroxidizing herbicides too. Their phytotoxic activity against E. utilis and S. acutus was studied in relation to conversion of isoimide to imide and/or amide-acid during the bioassay. The isoimides rapidly changed to the amide-acids and imides in cluture solution. The conversion rate depended on structures of their N-aryl residues. The phytotoxicity of isoimides may be mostly due to the corresponding amide-acids and/or imides. However, because the isoimides, N-{4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)phenyl}-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydroisophthalimide, which had a bulky p-substituent on N-aryl ring, slowly converted to the corresponding amide-acid and/or imide, this compound may have the intrinsic phytotoxicity of the isoimide itself.
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Katsumi Kakinuma, Hiroaki Terasawa, Hui-Ying Li, Kentaro Miyazaki, Tai ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1916-1923
Published: November 23, 1993
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A series of (2R, 3S)-3-alkylmalic acids was enantioselectively synthesized, in conjunction with biochemical studies on the thermostable isopropylmalate dehydrogenase derived from Thermus thermophilus, by the chirality transcription approach, using a conceptually recyclable carbohydrate template. The dianion [2, 3]-Wittig rearrangement of alkylated allyloxyacetic acids prepared from alkylallyl tertiary-carbinols was effective in both reactivity and stereoselectivity to afford the desired diastereomers in a high yield. The derived γ, δ-unsaturated α-hydroxycarboxylic acids were oxidatively transformed into the desired (2R, 3S)-3-alkylmalic acid derivatives.
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Ryoji Takata, Makoto Yoshimoto, Takahisa Miyamoto, Jiro Sakamoto, Taka ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1924-1928
Published: November 23, 1993
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Thirty stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for Japanese radish acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) were obtained. These antibodies were inhibitory or stimulatory or had no effect on the enzyme activity. Four antibodies (IgG
1 subclass) among them, designated MAb-11, MAb-18, MAb-20, and MAb-30, were purified and partially characterized. MAb-11, MAb-18, and MAb-20 inhibited more than 80% of the enzyme activity and appeared to act as noncompetitive inhibitors. Competitive inhibition assay indicated that MAb-18 and MAb-20 were classified into the same group and MAb-11 into another group. MAb-20 had an inhibitory effect on acid phosphatases from some vegetable and meat sources. The Fab fragment prepared by limited proteolysis of MAb-20 with papain also inhibited the enzyme.
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Einosuke Muraki, Fumiko Yaku, Jun Iyoda, Hiroyuki Kojima
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1929-1930
Published: November 23, 1993
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Yuji Ishikawa, Chino Kumagai, Shio Makino
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1931-1932
Published: November 23, 1993
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The in vitro insulin-stimulating action of the trypsinized product of glycinin acidic subunit A
1a(A
1a/Tr) was examined using rat adipocytes in the presence of bacitracin, chloroquine, colchicine, monensin, and/or Tris, which modifies insulin action in a different manner. The results suggested that A
1a/Tr potentiates the insulin-mediated antilipolysis by a similar mechanism to the action of bacitracin, which interferes with extracellular processing of insulin.
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Shingo Nakamura, Takahisa Hayashi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1933-1934
Published: November 23, 1993
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A large amount of growing poplar cells and a high level of endo-1, 4-β-glucanase activities have been produced by using a simple and inexpensive system. This system is useful for obtaining not only plant enzymes but also secondary metabolites from the cultured cells of higher plants.
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Yukuo Mukohara, Takahiro Ishikawa, Ken Watabe, Hiroaki Nakamura
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1935-1937
Published: November 23, 1993
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The gene for N-carbamyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase was cloned from Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NS1122A into E. coli. This gene started with a TTG triplet and was predicted to encode a peptide of 409 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 44, 248. The deduced amino acid sequence shared moderate homology with that of the corresponding enzyme of Pseudomonas sp. strain NS671.
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Hiromitsu Nakajima, Hiroaki Fujimoto, Yasuo Kimura, Takashi Hamasaki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1938-1939
Published: November 23, 1993
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Spiciferone A is a major phytotoxin produced by an isolate of Cochliobolus spicifer Nelson (D-5), a pathogen of leaf spot disease in wheat. In addition to spiciferone A, five of its derivatives, including spiciferones B and C, were tested for their phytotoxicity by using wheat cotyledon protoplasts. The results indicate that the ketone function at C-7 as well as the methyl at C-2 are essential to the phytotoxicity of spiciferone A.
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Mitsunori Kirihara, Tsuguhiro Morimoto, Itsuo Ichimoto
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1940-1941
Published: November 23, 1993
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An improved synthesis of BPA was achieved by a four-step sequence starting from p-formylbenzenebroronic acid (1) and ethyl isocyanoacetate via an ethyl α-formylaminocinnamate derivative (3) in a good overall yield.
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Asako Yutani, Saburo Miyamoto
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1942-1943
Published: November 23, 1993
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Stilbene-degrading microorganisms were isolated from natural environments by enrichment cultures on stilbene as the sole car-bon source. All of the 27 strains isolated belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, which were classified into three groups according to biochemical characteristics. During growth of the isolates the decrease of stilbene was accompanied with the appearance of several hydroxyphenyl carboxylic acids including protocatechuic acid and benzoic acid.
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Koshi Arai, Nami Ashikawa, Yasukazu Nakakita, Akihiro Matsuura, Naoki ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1944-1945
Published: November 23, 1993
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When screening for inhibitors of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), we isolated and identified Aspergillomarasmine A and B (AM-A and B) as potent inhibitors of ECE from the cultute broth of Paecilomyces sp. N877. Both AM-A and AM-B had apparent activity in an in vivo experiment with big ET-1 induced sudden death, although the inhibitory activities of these compounds would be mainly due to the chelating effect.
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Kikuo Shimbo, Yugo Iwasaki, Tsuneo Yamane, Kazuo Ina
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1946-1948
Published: November 23, 1993
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Phospholipase D was purified from Streptomyces antibioticus by column chromatography and chromatofocusing. The enzyme preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 64, 000. Its isoelectric point was around pH 6.5. The enzyme was most active at pH 5.5and at around 60°C. It was stable between pH 4 and 8, and below 50°C.
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Michihiko Kobayashi, Hidenobu Komeda, Toru Nagasawa, Hideaki Yamada, S ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1949-1950
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, of which the high-M
r nitrile hydratase has been used for the industrial manufacture of acrylamide from acrylonitrile, produced at least two amidases differing in substrate specificity, judging from the effects of various amides on amidase activity in this strain. These amidases seemed to be inducible enzymes depending on amide compounds.
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Masuko Kobori, Kazuki Shinohara
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1951-1952
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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The effects of a non-dialyzable extract of spinach on the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cell line were examined. The non-dialyzable extract of fresh and freeze-dried spinach induced the ability of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity of HL-60 cells. These results suggest that non-dialyzable extract of spinach induces the differentiation of HL-60 cells into monocytes.
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Takaaki Nishijima, Fumio Murakami, Masaji Koshioka, Hiroko Yamazaki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1953-1954
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Eight gibberellins (GAs) were identified in extracts of buds of Aralia cordata by full scan GC/MS and by Kovats retention indices. These GAs comprised five GAs on the early-13-hydroxylation pathway [GA
1, GA
19, GA
20, GA
44, and GA
53] and three other GAs [GA
4, GA
15, and GA
37]. The major GAs were GA
19 and GA
44.
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Masahiro Iwakura, Minoru Morikawa
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1955-1957
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Human prolactin (PRL) cDNA was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli cells with the aid of a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) affinity handle. The formed DHFR-PRL fusion protein was accumulated in E. coli cells as a soluble protein with DHFR activity at 30°C. The fusion protein was highly purified with monitored the DHFR activity by methotrexate-bound affinity chromatography, suggesting the usefulness of the handle even in expressing a large polypeptide as a fusion protein.
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Masahiro Nagaya, Hirofumi Aiba, Takeshi Mizuno
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1958-1959
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRibPP) is the primary precursor in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. The synthesis of PRibPP is catalysed by a ubiquitous PRibPP synthetase in many organisms. We provide evidence that a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp., has a gene encoding a protein with striking homology to mammalian PRibPP synthetases.
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Toshihiko Ooi, Kazuhisa Minamiguchi, Takashi Kawaguchi, Hirosuke Okada ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1960-1961
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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FI-CMCase cDNA of Aspergillus aculeatus was expressed in Escherichia coli by using the tac promoter of E. coli. Transformants of E. coli harboring a plasmid pHEM06 containing mature form FI-CMCase cDNA produced FI-CMCase in the cytoplasm of the cells. The enzyme from E. coli cells was purified to yield 56% and it was immunological identical to that of FI-CMCase purified from A. aculeatus.
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Makoto Kamezawa, Hojun Tachibana, Takehiko Ohtani, Yoshinobu Naoshima
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1962-1963
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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(S, E)-1-Methyl-9-dodecenyl acetate [(S)-8], the sex pheromone of the hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, was synthesized in a highly enantiomerically pure form by Pseudomonas cepacia lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis.
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Hideharu Ishida, Yasuyuki Imai, Katsutoshi Murase, Ichiro Azuma, Makot ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1964-1966
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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The 1-α-O- and 1-β-S-[(3R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]derivatives of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine methyl ester (MDP methyl ester) were synthesized by coupling of the corresponding intermediate, the C-1-hydroxyl or C-1-β-thiol derivative of MDP methyl ester, with (3R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetra-decanoic acid. The immunoadjuvant activities of each product and their related compounds were examined.
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Yohsuke Takeuchi, Kenji Mori
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1967-1968
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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(S, E)-1-Methyl-9-dodecenyl acetate (1), the sex pheromone of the Hessian fly, was synthesized by starting from ethyl (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate (2).
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Kanoktip Packdibamrung, Haruo Misono, Shinji Nagata, Susumu Nagasaki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1969-1970
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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We found an inducible NADP
+ -dependent D-phenylserine dehy-drogenase in a soil bacterium identified as Pseudomonas syringae NK-15. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of the 3-hydroxyl group of D-threo-3-phenylserine to yield D-2-amino-3-keto-3-phenylpropionate, which was spontaneously decarboxylated into 2-aminoacetophenone. The enzyme had an optimum reactivity at about pH 10.4. The K
m for D-threo-3-phenylserine and NADP
+were 0.44 mM and 29 pM, respectively.
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Akira Murakami, Akira Kondo, Yoshimasa Nakamura, Hajime Ohigashi, Koic ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1971-1973
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Possible anti-tumor promoting properties of a total of 40 methanol extracts from Thai edible plants, including 5 non-edible species, were estimated in vitro by an inhibition test of tumor promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation. Fourteen species (35% of the total) were found to be strongly active. In addition, cardamonin (2', 4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone) was identified as a potently active constituent (IC
50= 3.1μM) of Boesenbergia pandurata (Zingiberaceae), suggesting it to be an effective anti-tumor promoter.
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Peter Hiram Prasantha Fernando, Atsushi Karakawa, Yoichi Sakakibara, H ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1974-1975
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Radioactive PAPS was synthesized with a predetermined specific activity using enzymes purified from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The reaction system, incorporating 1.5 mCi of
35S-H
2SO
4 and 500 nmol of ATP, produced 582μCi of
35S-PAPS. The synthesized
35S-PAPS was purified by ECTEOLA cellulose chromatography, followed by desalting with DOWEX 50W-X8. The final yield was 206μmol of
35S-PAPS with a radioactivity of 411μCi.
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Shuhei Nakajima, Chiharu Aoki, Manabu Okamoto, Naomichi Baba, Junkichi ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1976-1977
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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While observing the weak electrical potential in Mimosa pudica, strong electrical pulses were recorded when the methanolic extract of other plants was administered. Sodium glutamate was identified as the active compound responsible for the pulses in the methanolic extract of Melia azedarach L.
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Makoto Ashiuchi, Tohru Yoshimura, Nobuyoshi Esaki, Hiroshi Ueno, Kenji ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1978-1979
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Glutamate racemase of Pediococcus pentosaceus catalyzes the α, β-elimination of L-serine O-sulfate to produce a pyruvate concomitantly with an irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. α, β-Elimination and inactivation reactions proceed through a common intermediate. L-Serine O-sulfate serves as a suicide substrate of the enzyme.
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Horace Cutler G., John Jacyno M., John Harwood S., Deanne Dulik, Patsy ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1980-1982
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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A novel biologically active natural product was isolated from a strain of Botrytis cinerea found on cultivated raspberry fruit (Rubus ideaus) upon fermentation in a liquid medium. Following a bioassay-directed purification process, the final product was an amorphous solid with the molecular formula C
20H
34O
8, and is trivially named botcinolide. It significantly inhibited etiolated wheat coleoptile growth at 10
-3 and 10
-4 M by 100 and 82% respectively, relative to the controls. Greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants were affected by treating with botcinolide, and exhibited chlorosis and severe necrosis at 10
-2 and 10
-3 M. The structure is a new hydroxylated nonalactone that is esterified with 4-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid.
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Kimio Sugiyama, Toshiyuki Akachi, Akihiro Yamakawa
1993 Volume 57 Issue 11 Pages
1983-1985
Published: November 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
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Dietary supplementation with Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mush-room) was found to decrease the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine in liver microsomes of rats. There was a signiticant correlation between the plasma cholesterol level and the hepatic phospholipid profile. These results support a concept that the hypocholesterolemic action of the Lentinus edodes is evoked through the alteration of hepatic phospholipid composition.
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