-
Sawao Murao, Hiroshi Oyama, Yoshiyuki Nomura, Tetsuzo Tono, Takashi Sh ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
177-180
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Polyphenol oxidase of Arctium lappa L. (edible burdock) has been purified by chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75, and phenyl-Cellulofine to a homogeneous state as judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 31, 000 by SDS-PAGE and 25, 000 by gel filtration on TSKgel G2000SW. The optimum pH was 7.0 and the enzyme was stable at pH 7.0-9.0. The enzyme oxidized triphenols such as pyrogallol and phloroglucinol, and was completely inhibited by sulfide and cyanide, while it was neither affected by kojic acid nor N-hydroxyglycine (laccase inhibor). These results indicated that the enzyme had properties different from those of polyphenol oxidases from other sources such as mandarin orange and soybean.
View full abstract
-
Hidehiko Yokogoshi, Kimiko Oishi, Misako Okitsu
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
181-184
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The intragastric administration of various kinds of fat (corn oil, lard, safflower oil, perilla oil, and fish oil) or fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) caused a significant increase in brain tryptophan (especially with fish oil or DHA), and also in serum insulin. However, at 2h after administering the fats or fatty acids, brain serotonin was not increased in accordance with the increase of brain tryptophan. As a result of determining the time-dependent changes in brain 5-hydroxyindoles, brain serotonin and 5-HIAA gradually increased, and showed significant increases at 6h and 4h after the administration of fish oil, respectively. These results suggest that there was a fairly long time-lag for the changes in brain 5-hydroxyindoles to appear after being induced by the administration of fats or fatty acids.
View full abstract
-
Kaoru Sugiyama, Kimikazu Iwami, Fumio Ibuki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
185-190
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Growing rats were meal-fed twice a day in the morning (9:00-11:00) and night (20:0-22:00) with 40% casein-based and protein-free diets in turn, or vice versa. Twenty-five days later, the animals were killed by fours in each group at 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, and 18:00, to excise their small intestines and pancreas. Immediately the jejunal mucosa was scraped together and assayed for [
3H]leucine incorporation into protein as well as [
3H]leucine absorption in epithelial cells. Concurrently with the assay, tissue-specific hydrolase activities were measured. Although small intestinal intrinsic hydrolases did not fluctuate much in activity, the activities of digestive enzymes in the pancreas increased after the intake of the 40% casein-based diet and decreased after the intake of the protein-free diet. This can be accounted for by the supply of synthesis materials for these digestive enzymes. Interestingly a reverse tendency was observed for both the in vitro 'protein synthesis' and 'amino acid transport' capacities of jejunal mucosal scrapings. Such functional changes are probably under the control of circadian rhythm cued by a feeding schedule.
View full abstract
-
Chang-Sheng Rui, Hiroaki-I. Ogawa, Kenji Sonomoto, Yasuhiko Kato
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
191-194
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
An amperometric flow-injection biosensor system was developed for the simultaneous measurement of creatinine, glucose, and urea, with a single sample injection and one detector. The principle for the amperometric detection of urea and creatinine was based on coupled reactions of three sequentially aligned enzyme reactors, urease or creatinine deiminase/glutamate dehydrogenase/L-glutamate oxidase. Inclusion of a split point and two confluence points between the injector and detector (oxygen electrode) resulted in a flow-injection system composed of three channels. Triple peak recording was obtained by putting two delay coils of different lengths at the channels involving urease and glucose oxidase. The system gave linear calibrations for creatinine, glucose, and urea in the ranges of 0.2-5, 0.2-10, and 0.5-20 mM, respectively. The assay procedure was simple and one run was completed within 4min. The system was reproducible within 5-8% of relative standard deviation.
View full abstract
-
Kohji Yamaguchi, Tomoko Tsuji, Shinobu Wakuri, Kazunaga Yazawa, Kiyosi ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
195-199
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Fellutamide A, a tripeptide derivative from Penicillium fellutanum was found to be a potent enhancer of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis and secretion in vitro. This compound enhanced production of NGF in L-M cells, rat brain cells, and rat glial cells. The mode of action of this compound was suggested to be different from that of a known NGF inducer, epinephrine, as inducing activities of fellutamide A and epinephrine were additive when they were admixed at the concentration which gave saturation in its respective activity. Furthermore, fellutamide A but not epinephrine induced production of NGF in the rat brain cells. NGF-inducing activity of several tripeptides and other compounds related to fellutamide A was examined.
View full abstract
-
Hideshi Ihara, Emi Kuroda, Akira Wadano, Michio Himeno
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
200-204
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Two δ-endotoxins, CryIA(a) and CryIA(b), from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai were used to investigate the specificity in insecticidal activity. CryIA(a) was 17-fold more toxic to Bombyx mori than CryIA(b). After in vitro solubilization and digestion of these δ-endotoxins, the specificity of toxicity was retained. Trypsin-activated CryIA(a) and CryIA(b) showed specific, high affinity and saturable binding to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from B. mori midguts. These two toxins competed for the same binding site. Dissociation constant for CryIA(a) and CryIA(b) binding to B. mori BBMV was 0.89 nM and 1.46 nM, respectively. In both toxins, dissociation reaction followed a biphasic process with a fast and a very slow component, suggesting that binding of the toxins proceeds through a reversible component and an apparently irreversible component. In the CryIA(a) dissociation reaction, the irreversible component comprised a large portion of total binding. On the other hand in that of CryIA(b), the reversible component was major. These results suggest that the specific toxicity of the toxins to B. mori may depend mainly on irreversibility.
View full abstract
-
Shin-ya Tanimoto, Kazuhiro Ikuma, Shushichi Takahashi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
205-208
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The muscle of eels fed tochu (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf powder was 1.8 times harder than the control. The component analysis showed no difference in moisture, lipid, or protein content between the muscles of the control and the tochu-fed eels. Not only the extracted neutral fat but also the compound fat of the raw muscles of the tochu-fed eel and the control had the same TLC patterns and fatty acid composition by gas chromatographic analysis. There was a great difference between the tochu-fed eel and the control concerning the amount of muscle protein stroma fraction which mainly consisted of collagen. The microscopic observation showed that the perimysium and endmysium which were the main components of the stroma fraction of the muscle of the tochu-fed eel were firm and thick compared to those of the control. These findings suggested that the intake of tochu leaf powder hardened the muscle.
View full abstract
-
Fumito Tani, Michiyo Murata, Takahiko Higasa, Machio Goto, Naofumi Kit ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
209-214
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The effects of ionic strength and dithiothreitol concentration, a reducing agent, on the heat-induced gelation of a lysozyme solution were examined at pH 7. Two different heating methods were used, one involving single heating, and the other, a two-step heating process in which a sample solution was heated twice under different medium conditions. With 7.5 mM dithiothreitol, a 5% lysozyme solution gave a transparent sol, a transparent gel, a translucent gel and a turbid gel after a single heating with 0, 40, 50, and 60 mM NaCl, respectively. When the transparent sol obtained without NaCl was reheated with 50 mM NaCl, it produced a firm and transparent gel. This gel was at least 6 times harder than the transparent lysozyme gel obtained by the one-step heating method. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy showed that the transparent gel produced by the two-step heating method had a fine network of linear polymers composed of heat-denatured lysozyme molecules.
View full abstract
-
Yasuyuki Hashidoko, Mimako Urashima, Tadashi Yoshida, Junya Mizutani
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
215-219
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Two bacteria, Klebsiella oxytoca and Erwinia uredovora, which constituted epiphytic microflora on yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) leaves, converted hydroxycinnamic acids into hydroxystyrenes decarboxylatively. Hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase was extracted as crude protein from the bacterial cells, and was substrate-inducible. This decarboxylation was for the bacteria a detoxification of hydroxycinnamic acids of plants, but the metabolites were toxic to other test bacteria and fungi, including some phytopathogens. The possible ecological role of these epiphytic bacteria on the host-plant was discussed from the viewpoint of their chemical interaction via the styrene derivatives.
View full abstract
-
Hideki Tateba, Kouzou Morita, Wataru Kameda, Masahiro Tada
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
220-226
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
(Z)-Jasmone (1) was irradiated with a 400W high-pressure mercury lamp under various conditions. Under nitrogen, 1 was converted to the (E)-isomer (2), to di-π-methane rearrangement products (3 and 4) and intramolecular cyclo-adducts (5 and 6) in methanol and ethanol, and to 2, 3, and 4 in ethyl acetate. Under oxygen, 1 was broken down to hydroperoxides (7 and 8), its reduction products (9 and 10), and dehydrates (11 and 12). These compounds were further photooxidized to yield compounds 13-17, 19, and 20 in methanol or ethanol. In ethyl acetate, an intramolecular cyclo-adduct (22) was obtained, together with a diol (21) and photoreaction products 23 and 24, and 11, 13-18, and 20. Hydroperoxides (7 and 8) and their reduction products (9 and 10) were obtained by a photosensitized reaction with rose bengal under oxygen. (Z)-Jasmone was converted to 2 so rapidly that suppressing the photoisomerization of 1 was difficult, except by cutting off the UV light.
View full abstract
-
Yasuo Ohe, Kimiko Ohtani, Yoshiaki Sone, Akira Misaki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
227-230
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Alfa-
D-glucans containing a 3, 6-anhydro D-glucosyl residue were prepared from three kinds of α-
D-glucan (elsinan, pullulan, and amylose), and the physical properties of these 3, 6-anhydro glucans were examined. The method employed for introducing the 3, 6-anhydro linkage into a D-glucosyl residue involved sulfation of the O-6 position with dimethylsulfoxide-sulfur trioxide complex and a subsequent alkali treatment of the resulting partially sulfated glucan. This introduction of the 3, 6-anhydro linkage caused a decrease in viscosity of the original polysaccharides and made them resistant to the action of hydrolytic enzymes. Hydrolysis of the 3, 6-anhydro glucans with dilute acid afforded several oligosaccharides whose reducing end was 3, 6-anhydro D-glucose.
View full abstract
-
Makoto Shimosaka, Masahiro Nogawa, Yasuyo Ohno, Mitsuo Okazaki
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
231-235
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Among 162 strains of the genus Fusarium tested, 22 strains, mainly from F. solani and F. splendens, formed halos on chitosan-containing agar medium. Chitosanase secreted in the culture by the most effective producer, F. solani f. sp. phaseoli SUF386, was further investigated. N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) used as a carbon source was most effective for production of chitosanase. Chitosan, a substrate for chitosanase, inhibited cell growth completely and abolished production of chitosanase when used as a carbon source in the liquid medium. Chitosanase purified from the culture filtrate had a molecular mass of 36kDa, and showed a maximum activity at pH 5.6 and 40°C. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of chitopentaose, chitosan (70% and 100% deacetylation), and glycolchitosan, but showed little activity toward chitobiose, chitotriose, chitotetraose, glycol chitin, and carboxymethyl cellulose. A rapid reduction in the viscosity of chitosan solutions suggested that the enzyme catalyzed an endo-type cleavage reaction.
View full abstract
-
Fumio Sugawara, Yali Hallock F., Greg Bunkers D., Doug Kenfield S., Ga ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
236-239
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Phytoactive substances were present in a culture broth of Drechslera gigantea, a pathogenic fungus of several grasses. Twelve eremophilane sesquiterpenes (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) were isolated and structurally characterized by a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic analyses. Most of these sesquiterpenoids were phytotoxic; however, compounds 1 and 3 caused chlorophyll retention, an activity previously associated with phytohormones.
View full abstract
-
Kun-Woo Kim, Fumio Sugawara, Shigeo Yoshida, Noboru Murofushi, Nobutak ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
240-243
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Malformins-produced by Aspergillus niger were separated by HPLC and subjected to structural determination. Amino acid analyses and mass spectra suggested that all of them structurally resembled cyclic pentapeptide malformin A
1. Two-dimensional NMR experiments and MS/MS experiments led us to deduce cyclo-D-cysteinyl-D-cysteinyl-L-amino acid-D-amino acid-L-amino acid as being the essential structure of malformins.
View full abstract
-
Masayuki Daido, Narihiko Fukamiya, Masayoshi Okano, Kiyoshi Tagahara, ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
244-246
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The antifeedant and insecticidal activities of sixteen quassinoids against 3rd instar larvae of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) were compared with those of known insect antifeedant chlordimeform (1), and the structure-activity relationship was discussed. The insecticidal activity of quassin (2) was higher than that of 1, although its antifeedant activity was nearly the same as that of the reference compound.
View full abstract
-
Koji Abe, Katsumi Imaizumi, Michihiro Sugano
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
247-252
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 3 weeks cholesterol-enriched diets containing 7% interesterified fats in which saturated fatty acids, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, were the sole variable. The dietary fat was composed of 50% saturated fatty acid, 30% oleic acid, 14% linoleic acid, and 6% α-linolenic acid (P/S=0.4, n-6/n-3=2.3). There was no difference in food intake, body weight gain, or liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight among the groups, although the apparent fatty acid absorption decreased with increasing chain-length of dietary saturated fatty acids. Plasma lipid levels were comparable among the groups, but the concentration of liver cholesterol was significantly lower, and fecal excretion of neutral but not acidic steroids was significantly higher in the stearic acid group even compared with the palmitic acid group. The liver triglyceride decreased upon feeding palmitic or stearic acid fats. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue but not liver triglyceride apparently reflected the source of dietary fats, but a considerable portion of stearic acid appeared to be desaturated to oleic acid. The proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma cholesterol ester and that of linoleic acid in liver phosphatidylethanolamine decreased with the chain-length of saturated fatty acids. The stearic acid-fat significantly reduced platelet aggegation by ADP and aortic production of prostacyclin, and there was a similar but to a less marked response pattern in the palmitic acid-fat. These observations suggest that the different saturated fatty acids exert differential effects on various lipid parameters.
View full abstract
-
Akie Yonekubo, Shyuji Honda, Mariko Okano, Yoshiro Yamamoto
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
253-259
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This study was done to identify the effects of dietary safflower oil or soybean oil on the milk composition of maternal rats and the tissue fatty acid composition in postnatal rats. Different types of dietary fats affected the fatty acid pattern in the dam's milk. They affected tissue weight, lipid content, and phospholipid fatty acid compositions in the liver and brain of young rats, showing a large amount of docosahexaenoic acid in soybean oil-fed rats, and a large amount of docosapentaenoic acid in safflower oil-fed rats. The learning ability of the soybean oil-fed rats, evaluated by a swimming test, was significantly superior to that of the safflower oil-fed rats. The presence of large amounts of docosahexaenoic acid in the tissue phospholipid of soybean oil-fed neonatal rats without an alteration of their arachidonic acid levels may contribute to the enhancement of learning ability in rats.
View full abstract
-
Jae-Seon Park, Akira Nakamura, Sueharu Horinouchi, Teruhiko Beppu
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
260-264
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The endoglucanase (BSC) from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3034, which shows no ability to hydrolyze microcrystalline cellulose, was found to bind to Avicel. Ninety-eight amino acids-truncation at the COOH-terminus of BSC did not abolish the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-hydrolyzing ability, but removed the Avicel-binding ability. These data suggested the presence of an Avicel-binding domain at the COOH-terminus of BSC, despite its inability to hydrolyze crystalline cellulose. A mutant enzyme with Phe at the 131st His, generated by site-directed mutagenesis, had no enzymatic activity with CMC as the substrate, as predicted from hydrophobic cluster analysis, while the cellulose-binding ability of the mutant enzyme still remained. Similarly, the mutation at the 169th Glu severely affected the enzyme activity, but not the cellulose-binding ability. All these data clearly show that BSC is composed of the catalytic domain at its NH
2-terminal portion and the cellulose-binding domain at its COOH-terminal portion, and that the two domains are independently functional in the absence of the other.
View full abstract
-
Mitsuru Abo, Kenji Mori
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
265-267
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
(R)-Callosobruchusic acid [(2E, 7R)-3, 7-dimethyl-2-octene-1, 8-dioic acid (1)], the pheromone component of azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis), was synthesized from methyl (R)-3-carboxy-butanoate.
View full abstract
-
Kazuo Sakka, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Yuzo Kojima, Shu-ichi Karita, Kunio O ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
268-272
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The nucleotides of the β-xylosidase (xylA) gene from Clostridium stercorarium were sequenced. A single open reading frame of 473 codons specifying the subunit (MW 53, 340) of xylosidase was identified. The N-terminal amino acid sequence and molecular weight estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme were quite in agreement with those deduced from the nucleotide sequence. Analysis of the enzyme by gel filtration on an HPLC column gave a molecular weight of 220, 000, suggesting that the native enzyme is a tetramer composed of 4 identical subunits. The pH optimum was 7.0 and quite stable over the pH range of 5 to 10 at 4°C. The optimum temperature was 65°C. V
m was estimated to be 5.9 nmol/min/μg for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside and 16.7 nmol/min/μg for p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside, while K
m was estimated to be 2.5 mM for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside and 17.6 mM for p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside.
View full abstract
-
Kazuo Sakka, Yuzo Kojima, Tatsuki Kondo, Shu-ichi Karita, Kunio Ohmiya ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
273-277
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The nucleotides of the xynA gene of Clostridium stercorarium were sequenced. The structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1533 bp encoding 511 amino acids with an M
r of 56, 519. The signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparison with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli. Xylanase A consists of a catalytic domain belonging to family G at the N-terminus and two direct repeats of about 90 amino acids with a short spacing at the C-terminus. Deletion analysis showed that the repeated sequences were responsible for binding the enzyme to Avicel and were not essential for catalytic activity. The catalytic domain of this enzyme is highly homologous to xylanase A of Clostridium acetobutylicum (identity: 69%) and xylanase B of Bacillus pumilus (identity: 64%).
View full abstract
-
Michiko Aoki, Motomu Tan, Atsushi Fukushima, Tadaharu Hieda, Susumu Ku ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
278-282
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Inhibitors of plant virus infection with systemic effects were found in the culture filtrates of Basidiomycetes such as Fomes fomentarius and Schizophyllum commune. These inhibitors were widely distributed in Agaricales and Polyporales. The inhibitors designated as BAS (Basidiomycete Antiviral Substance) were highly active against the mechanical transmission of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). No toxic effect was observed on the host plants. BAS-F, a polysaccharide produced by F. fomentarius, almost completely inhibited infection, when BAS-F at 2μg/ml was applied to the same surface of leaves of Xanthi-nc tobacco 24h before TMV inoculation to the upper surface of the leaves, and 50% inhibition was shown when BAS-F at 10μg/ml was applied to the under surface of leaves. BAS-F also induced systemic resistance to the non-treated leaves when it was applied to only one leaf of the plant. BAS-F also had similar effects against the infection of TMV on bell pepper and tomato plants.
View full abstract
-
Tadahiro Kato, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Tsuneo Namai, Toshifumi Hirukawa
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
283-287
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Expecting that the different characteristics of rice plants against rice blast fungus, that is, susceptibility of the weaker cultivar, Sasanishiki and resistance of the stronger cultivars, Fukuyuki and Fukunishiki, may be due to the absence or presence of anti-fungus compounds in the rice plants, the anti-rice blast fungus substances in these three kinds of rice plants were explored. We found five epoxides and five allyl alcohols as anti-rice blast fungus compounds. The epoxides were 12, 13-epoxy- and 9, 10-epoxylinoleic acids, and 15, 16-epoxy-, 12, 13-epoxy-, and 9, 10-epoxylinolenic acids. The allyl alcohols are 13-hydroxy and 9-hydroxy linoleic acids, and 16-hydroxy, 13-hydroxy, and 9-hydroxy linolenic acids. In inoculated Sasanishiki, the activity is due to the formation of the allyl alcohols.
View full abstract
-
Yukari Ikeda, Fumito Ishibashi, Takahiro Shiotsuki, Eiichi Kuwano, Mor ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
288-293
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Diisopropyl dithiolanylidenemalonate (isoprothiolane) was oxidized with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to give a monosulfoxide, disulfoxide, and disulfone. The monosulfoxide was subjected to addition reactions with such nucleophiles as methanol, thiols, and amines at the thioacetal carbon to open the dithiolane ring, affording a thiosulfinate, sulfinate and disulfide. The presence of a small amount of sodium carbonate accelerated the reactions and, moreover, reformed isoprothiolane from the ring-opened addition products. The further oxidation products were transformed into dithianes by reacting with nucleophiles. Isoprothiolane monosulfoxide inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase, an SH enzyme.
View full abstract
-
Jean Moreau Louis, Said Azza, Alain Arnaud, Pierre Galzy
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
294-296
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The adipamidase of a mutant strain of Brevibacterium sp. involved in the degradation of adiponitrile into adipic acid was purified and characterized. The molecular wight of the native enzyme was estimated at 120, 000 and that of the subunits at 58, 000, suggesting that this is a dimer structure. This enzyme has a large activity spectrum; all the amides tested were found to be substrates of the adipamidase. An acyltransferase activity was also detected for short chain substrates (acetamide, acetic acid), as well as long chain substrates (oleic acid).
View full abstract
-
Haruki Yamaguchi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
297-302
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The heat-labile one of the two α-amylase inhibitors of the white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was found to be composed of three kinds of subunits, and they were isolated and characterized. The α-subunit was free from tryptophan and cysteine and the β-subunit contained no methionine or cysteine. There was no marked resemblance in tryptic peptide maps between the α- and β-subunit polypeptides. The α-subunit contained 30% by weight of carbohydrate, mainly made up of high mannose-oligosaccharides, and the sugar moiety of the β-subunit amounted 7% and appeared to be predominantly composed of xylomannose-type oligosaccharides. The largest subunit, γ, was very similar in molecular features to a postulated αβ-dimer and its N-terminal sequence coincided with that of the α-subunit. The molecular weights of the polypeptides of α, β-, and γ-subunits were shown to be 7, 800, 14, 000, and 22, 000, respectively, by SDS-PAGE. It seemed likely that the α- and β-subunits are common to both of the inhibitors and that the heat-lability of this inhibitor arises from the γ-subunit.
View full abstract
-
Nobuo Kato, Masayoshi Fujie, Masayasu Hasegawa, Masayuki Shimao, Keiko ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
303-307
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Yeasts were screened for strains that converted ethyl 2-acetamido-3-oxobutyrate (AAOB) to optically active ethyl 2-acetamido-3-hydroxybutyrate (AAHB). Sporobolomyces sp. AKU4430 was found to accumulate the D-threo isomer of AAHB by a whole-cell reaction. Candida albicans AKU4596 accumulated mainly the D-threo and L-threo isomers. The enzymes that reduced AAOB were purified from these two yeasts, and characterized. To judge from their substrate specificity, inhibition pattern, molecular structure, and reaction mechanisms, the enzymes were of the NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase family (probably aldehyde reductase, EC 1.1.1.2). The enzyme of Sporobolomyces sp. reduced AAOB more strongly than that of C. albicans. The stereoselectivity of the enzymes was low; three isomers of AAHB (L-threo, L-allo, and D-threo) were produced by each purified enzyme. The selective accumulation of an isomer(s) of AAHB by reaction in yeast cells probably occurred because of differences in isomer degradation.
View full abstract
-
Hideshi Yanase, Yusuke Sato, Keiko Kita, Yoshiyuki Sato, Nobuo Kato
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
308-312
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
[
13C]Formaldehyde was selectively incorporated into the C-1 position of D-fructose 6-phosphate by condensation with D-ribulose 5-phosphate catalyzed by a partially purified enzyme system for formaldehyde fixation in Methylomonas aminofaciens 77a. Much of the [1-
13C]D-fructose 6-phosphate produced in this reaction was converted to [1-
13C]D-glucose 6-phosphate by the addition of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. A fed-batch reaction with periodic additions of the substrates afforded 56.2g/liter D-glucose 6-phosphate and 26.8g/liter D-fructose 6-phosphate. When [
13C]methanol was used as the C
1-donor, the yield of [1-
13C]D-glucose 6-phosphate was high when alcohol oxidase was added. The optimum conditions for sugar phosphate production in the fed-batch reaction gave 45.6g/liter [1-
13C]D-glucose 6-phosphate and 16.4g/liter [1-
13C]D-fructose 6-phosphate in 165min. The molar yield of the total sugar phosphates to methanol added was 95%. The addition of H
2O
2 and catalase to the reaction system supplied molecular oxygen for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde by alcohol oxidase.
View full abstract
-
Akinori Hirashima, Morifusa Eto
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
313-314
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masamichi Koseki, Hironobu Seki, Keiichi Funayama, Keisuke Tsuji, Naof ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
315-316
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Juan Parrado, Juan Bautista
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
317-318
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Thidarat Eksittikul, Orathai Svendsby, Hidemasa Yamaguchi, Masaru Iizu ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
319-321
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masaru Iizuka, Hidemasa Yamaguchi, Shigeki Ono, Noshi Minamiura
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
322-324
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shin-ya Tanimoto, Katsuya Koike, Shushichi Takahashi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
325-327
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tadashi Sakai, Toshiyuki Shimomura, Makoto Endo, Hisashi Murata, Kazuh ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
328-329
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Myung-Ae Bae, Tomoko Tsuji, Kiyosi Kondo, Takumi Hirase, Masami Ishiba ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
330-331
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hideki Obika, Jitsuo Sakakibara, Yoshinari Kobayashi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
332-333
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Rikisaku Suemitsu, Keiichiro Ohnishi, Masayuki Horiuchi, Yoshiyuki Mor ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
334-335
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Orie Asaka, Yukinori Tokuda, Takashi Ano, Makoto Shoda
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
336-337
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hisanao Takeuchi, Yoshinori Ohishi, Yuji Ozaki, Masaki Yoshikawa, Taka ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
338-340
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Joji Okumura
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
341-342
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Mishio Kawamura, Takao Uchiyama
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
343
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masayuki Azuma, Minoru Yoshida, Sueharu Horinouchi, Teruhiko Beppu
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
344-345
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Kyeong-A Sin, Akira Nakamura, Haruhiko Masaki, Takeshi Uozumi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
346-347
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Akinobu Matsuyama, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Hajime Ohnishi
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
348-349
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tadao Asami, Masatoshi Baba, Shigeo Yoshida
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
350-351
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masahiro Hayashi, Kyoji Toda, Shozaburo Kitaoka
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
352-353
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Makoto Kito, Tatsuya Moriyama, Yuuko Kimura, Hirofumi Kambara
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
354-355
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Akemi Sugiura, Kyoko Nakashima, Takeshi Mizuno
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
356-357
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yutaka Miura, Yasunobu Uchijima, Shin-ichiro Takahashi, Tadashi Noguch ...
1993 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages
358-359
Published: February 23, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS