National accounts (NA) are compiled by Economic and Social Research Institute(ESRI) in Japan according to the standard guideline, System of National Accounts (SNA). SNA is the fluit of grobal cooperation. In the area of NA, highly specialized research community has been formed globally. ESRI cannot fully contribute to the community. Challenges to be addressed for the development of global human resources by ESRI are discussed. In this area, the task of globalization is the development of speciallity rather than the linguistic ability. Japanese-Style Employment Practices, especially the short-term job rotaion, make the problems of the carrier development difficult to solve.

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P2M project model has been discussed keeping mainly enterprises in mind since the inauguration. At the beginning, since the project model conception of scheme-system-service was new and fresh, it was generally understood as a phase model. On the side of program also, taking opportunity when its importance was generally recognized, the program model had been again looked at as a whole. Recently, the project model is being applied to social projects, such as official Development Assistance, and being discussed again on the whole model. Standing on these circumstances, the whole project model is re-thought, including financial and economic value system, which has been rarely discussed, and consensus building among stakeholders.

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In principle, regional development policy in Japan is that regional towns and cities should tackle self-sustaining revitalization with their regional resources. Regional towns and cities are required to pursue not only an extrinsic development attracting plants and firms to their area, but also a spontaneous development involving a variety of stakeholders and utilizing their regional resources. The issue of self-sustaining revitalization with their regional resources is able to be understood as program of P2M. In this paper, we discuss the challenge of self-sustaining revitalization with their regional resources from the viewpoint of P2M community management, and then propose 'value orchestration platform strategy'. We also present a case of community management of local revitalization using our value orchestration platform strategy.

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The current business environment becomes so severe that alliance is one of the important decision-makings to many companies. Therefore, it is expected to develop a management control system for alliance. As a first stage to construct the system, we performed a survey for the Japanese companies that carried out their alliances. The purpose of this survey was to get fundamental information in order to build up the system. To be concrete, we surveyed how they made decisions concerning alliance and how they managed their alliances. Through the analysis of this survey, we could get some implications in their answers to the questions. This paper reports the summary of the analysis, and discusses the problems regarding construction of a management control system for strategic alliance.

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This paper discusses, from the view point of innovation management, what public organizations of Japan (POJs) should do in order to cope with the severe social and economic situations of the present time. Specifically, this paper suggests that POJs build up a system to realize 'total innovation', and also examines the validity of the suggestion using a case study on social welfare policy. In addition, this paper discusses the present systems for public reformation, "the special ward system" and "the sorting (shiwake) system" from the view point of innovation management.

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Venture companies that lack access to information cannot achieve market access. Even if a venture company is able to find a market, they may not be able to adequately assess market needs. In the present case, a semiconductor venture company has been cooperated with the leading user company that linked by middle mediator. This semiconductor venture company succeeded in developing an Application-Specific Standard Product (ASSP) and achieving market access. This paper shows that middle mediator is valid for achieving market access for semiconductor venture companies.

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In the production industry, strategies for product development and product sales are very critical issues. Recently, products ,such as Android phones, based on open-architecture becomes a major trend in this industry. Though the product life cycle of the open-architecture products becomes shorter than that of previous products, each company has to make some differences against competitors and should convey product concepts to customers correctly and appealingly. In this study, the authors would like to propose a methodology to create and manage concepts taken into account the product life cycle. An illustrative example is also presented to clearly understand our methodology.

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Even when we prepare countermeasures against expected project troubles, we cannot apply each counter-measure as its original form. In order to coop with project troubles, we should recognize trouble structures and create some sort of awareness to the troubles. In this paper, the authors propose a trouble detection and management methodology based on standardization of project process in a form of IDEF0. In this methodology, it is assumed that a little difference between the said standardized IDEF0 and the actual activity becomes a source of trouble. Illustrative example of the proposed methodology is also presented by using Project Trouble Casebook collected by Engineering Advancement Association of Japan.

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Intellectual properties such as invention, technology and other know-how are essential for companies to maximize business opportunities. For companies, the leakage of inventions and so on is a matter of life or death. However, such leakage is a very troublesome problem in that it occurred while even the companies do not know. There is also progressing a legal maintenance, signs of leakage is not being eliminated. The development of ICT in recent years, a slight mistake may cause leakage of the invention. Therefore, we are considered in this study, such as to prevent leakage of the invention is that it is necessary to the common recognition of participants. We propose a visualization of the invention using a logic model concerning the "unfavorable appearance". By looking at the logic model, participants will be able to grasp time series to be done for the leak of a secret.

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As the example of an East Japan great earthquake shows, the speciality nature in an individual domain became entangled intricately, and it has generated many of social trouble phenomena in recent years. And that many expressions "unexpected" are used expresses the brittleness over the risk of the social system whose altitude and complication the present age does. Although P2M is the management technique corresponding to a present-day social system, it needs to strengthen the integrated risk management which carried out the focus to uncertainty from now on. In this paper, the structure of the integrated risk management to which the balanced scorecard in P2M is applied is examined, and it verifies using the trouble example of IT system.

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The climate change issue surrounding worldwide nations is led by European countries, leading the eco-business, global warming prevention activities, carbon trading market, and with their leadership. The general recognition of climate change caused by carbon dioxide emission related human activities is constructed dominantly, depending on western mentalities. On this paper, the relation between the current measure process for climate change led by Europeans and P2M theories will be disclosed, and a P2M frame constructing eastern-risk management will be proposed as a further task to establish climate change measures with high resilience. To derive moderated risk management from conventional liner model which P2M has, I consider the Asian methodology suitable for a climate change issue with differences in western/eastern mentality.

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The R&D investment by alliance is difficult to evaluate since it has more uncertain factors than other investment. In order to develop an evaluation method for such investment, there is a research field that applies real options to an evaluation method for such investment. Among literature on this issue, the study by Smit & Trigeorgis (2004) is well known as a representative one because they quantitatively evaluate how each uncertain factor influences. With a premise different from that of Smit & Trigeorgis (2004), we experiment how alliance influences on R&D investment. This paper reports the result of our experiment, and discusses the validity of our experiment and the availability of real options.

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High interest is observed in the effectiveness of practical project management applied to social issues. Environmental issue is the symbolic challenge. Tokyo University of A&T has strived in P2M theory research by the issue based project experiments, and environmental management lectures. This paper discloses the research results on project management typed governance and the morphology classification. The research resulted three types management combinations and application of the unified tools.

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The definition and the approach of IT investment project/program management at Scheme model phase are specified. The Scheme model of P2M specifies how to initiate a project/program and takes over to System model. However, specific approach is not specified in IT project management field. Many experts in this field have pointed out that many IT project/program failures have come from the lack of the definition of specific approach in Scheme model (upstream) and implementation based on that approach. In this paper, 10 steps approach is introduced how to proceed with the project/program at Scheme model phase from the owner's point of view.

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Japanese manufacturing companies need to mark a trend and tackle of environmental regulations and laws in EU. The response to environmental regulations will be a key factor of risk management in case of deploying business in EU market. Moreover, in EU market, manufacturing companies need to establish a good relation with multi stakeholders such as government, evaluation organization, NGO, and so on. In case of global business, company will confront coordination both globalization and localization, and project manager needs to handle these balance. In recent years, manufacturing company shifts its business emphasis from supplying product itself to supplying value including not only product but also total solution. Total solution includes supplying service after-sale phase and consulting in the phase of usage. These total solutions are called value-added business. In this article, I will verify the function of P2M and agendas through Japanese manufacturing ecology-related business in EU market.

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Highly qualified solution packages for IT system were adopted without investment evaluation in scheme planning stage in most companies in Japan. METI requested that top managements must submit their requirements for business success in scheme planning stage. Two years later, "IT management roadmap 2008" as its performance report was published. As a result of evaluating the report, Our study team recognized big difference between Japanese concerned companies and so called global enterprises in business targets. Detailed described in this article.

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ICT systems which have become vital infrastructure in corporations are expected to realize the corporate strategy quickly in the uncertain environments. It is difficult to identify the QCD of the ICT system development projects at the early stage, because most of the recent projects are improvement of the existing systems whose documents do not always exist and various functions are installed in. This study indicates the key elements of success in system integration projects and a role model of program manager and project stakeholders, applying the value-created framework to a multiple subcontract system. Program manager of the projects feels pressured by the conflict between the customer and the multiple subcontractors. The leader's understanding of the conflict and direct commitment to the decision making are important factors for success in system integration.

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Closed-loop supply chain includes traditional forward supply-chain and the additional reverse supply chain. Due to increasing competition and environmental legislation, the closed-loop supply chain management has become an important topic for many companies all over the world. This paper presents a supplier evaluation method for sustainable project management in closed-loop supply chain. Considering sustainable project management, supplier selection and evaluation are the crucial decision point not only for QCD but also environmental impacts. It is the key step because vendors' coherence and attitudes affect purchasing of raw materials which is the start point of primary activities such as manufacturing & assembly. As well as choosing the suppliers to work with is one of the key points of project management, semi- annually or annually evaluation is very important to keep track of vendors' performance level to be successful on sustainable development. There are, however, a lot of factors can affect companies' ability to choose the right supplier. Also in evaluation layer of this process which is as important as selection step, has to have several criteria. Supplier selection decision and evaluation processes should be deal with in different aspects. In this step, firms have to define several criteria due to their firm culture, aim and mission. For each aspect, there may be multiple choices to quantify the supplier's capability with respect to project requirements. There are various approaches to determine performance level of suppliers in evaluation step. This study aims to create a model to help evaluating suppliers by using hybrid grey relational analysis for a firm in cable industry. To be developed model is compared with hybrid fuzzy logic and AHP model. Output of the system will be a semi-annually or annually credit report for all suppliers to identify the current status to keep track on sustainability of outsourcing success of Closed loop supply chain network.

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One of characteristics of project negotiations is that they are growing complex very fast, because there are so many things to negotiate. In our research, negotiators are to deal with two parameters at a time (one parameter is money) on a separate Visual Models. To negotiate three or more parameters simultaneously considered to be over-confusing for a human being. The output of the Visual Models in the form of a mathematical expressions will be input into the Nodes Graph of Bayesian Network decision making software, where negotiation variables are broken into pairs of nodes, forming a simple model of variables that are individually connected to the skeletal chain of money nodes. Parameter's probability status will be automatically updated with new uncertainties through the mathematical relations network. In this way, all the parameters of negotiation will be indirectly interrelated. Depending on the cases of the negotiation, specific layout of negotiation conditions should be developed on the Visual Model and Nodes Graph. Negotiators will get an intuitive/visual grasp of the negotiation's big picture, quantitatively understand any risks involved. After all, a human is the one to make final decisions.

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In a corporate innovation program, the alignment of required technologies and available human resources is the key part of the corporate reengineering. In the previous work, the authors have presented the successful implication of the widely used "Pinch Technology" to the technology and human resource management. Based on the study of rationale for the generic task assignment problem,, this paper is concerned with the extensive work on the application to eliminate a pinch point subject to a specified work sources, so that more efficient resource allocation is expected.

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