The recoveries of vanadium, chromium, and titanium are much low in the current process of high-chromium vanadium–bearing titanomagnetite. The gas-based direct reduction followed by melting separation process was proposed because the valuable elements including iron, vanadium, chromium, and titanium can be utilized simultaneously and all the recoveries should increase. The melting separation study was carried out in the present work, and the behavior as well as mechanism during melting separation process was investigated. The effect of temperature on the melting separation kinetic was more considerable than thermodynamic. As increased basicity, the area of liquid phase was enlarged and the solubility of Al
2O
3 in slag was increased. The main mineral in separation slag was anosovite (MgTi
2O
5), besides a small number of pseudobrookite (Fe
2TiO
5), perovskite (CaTiO
3), and spinel (Ca
3Al
2O
6). The melting separation was improved by the increasing C/O, temperature, time, additive of CaF
2, and basicity. The rational melting separation parameters for high-chromium vanadium–bearing titanomagnetite contained a C/O of 1.2, a melting temperature of 1625°C, a melting time range of 40–50 min, an additive CaF
2 of 2%, and a basicity of 1.1. Under these conditions (melting time of 50 min), the melting separation was achieved successfully. Both the titanium-bearing slag together with the iron containing vanadium and chromium was obtained. The recoveries of Fe, V, Cr, and TiO
2 could reach around 99%, 97%, 92%, and 94%, respectively; and the mass fraction of Fe, V, Cr, and TiO
2 were 93.50%, 0.90%, 0.69%, and 37.52%, respectively.
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