This study explores the relationship between the sexist culture of school athletic club (SAC) activities and physical education (PE) teaching aspirations. The working hypotheses are: (1) Various experiences in SAC activities are related to PE teacher aspiration and mediated by the SAC coach aspiration, (2) Bonding with a male PE teacher through SAC activities is related to PE teacher aspiration, (3) Sexist culture in SAC activities is related to PE teacher aspiration.
　This study used data from two online surveys conducted from February to March, 2021 (Survey 1) and April to July, 2021 (Survey 2) among undergraduate and graduate students who had attended junior high and high schools in Japan. Response links were distributed through e-mail or LINE in Survey 1 and university classes in Survey 2. The link was distributed to approximately 4,600 people, and 1,152 responded.
　Binominal logistic regression analysis results with PE teacher aspiration as the dependent variable and the mediation analysis using the KHB method with SAC coach aspiration as the mediating variable supported the first and second hypotheses but not the third. In addition, this analysis suggested that SAC coach aspiration strongly determines PE teacher aspiration. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression analysis results indicated that experiences with sexist culture in SAC affect coaching aspirations. This result suggests that sexism in SAC activities may influence PE teachers' stereotypical gender views via coaching aspiration. Therefore, the process of socialization of PE teachers as coaches may include opportunities for the formation of stereotypical gender views.

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　Many professional sports clubs rely on the cooperation of volunteers when hosting games. These volunteers have been discussed favorably as voluntary citizens— the founding agents of civil clubs that could bring about the change of the commercial system. However, today, many volunteers assist in the operation of games without participating in club management. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the significance of citizens' participation in the volunteer activities of professional sports clubs.
　This paper, using R. D. Putnam's theory of social capital, considers the relationship between the volunteer activities and civil “publicness”. According to Putnam, a bridging network can cultivate a public-spritedness which is necessary for the smooth operation of democracy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a thick description of what the volunteer activities are, and to show that the volunteer space can make oppotunities to tie unacquainted people and have the function of generating their public-spritedness.
　The fieldwork in a basketball club shows that the volunteer space brings the bridging network. In other words, these volunteers include supporters and non-supporters of that club, and the combination of them lead to the rethinking their volunteer practices and the fostering their norms of generalized reciprocity and general trust, Putnam emphasizes. Finally, we discuss the institutional foundations supporting the volunteer spaces that generate their public-spritedness.

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　Recent years have witnessed increasingly visible anti-racist athlete activism by some racial minority athletes, whereas such actions are often met with fierce backlash discourses. Research has shown that these athletes face dilemmas as they navigate their roles as both athletes and activists, often experiencing significant moral conflicts with their fans. In this study, adopting a discursive psychological perspective, I examine a tweet by a Nigerian-Japanese professional baseball player who shared his personal story with reference to the Black Lives Matter movement. I analyze how he and his audience employed interactional resources to manage moral accountability of his experience of racial victimization. Findings show that his story was produced as ambivalent moral practice in terms of Japanese racism: On one hand, he refused to describe his victimization experience as racial discrimination, allowing him to mitigate moral conflict related to racism and maintain solidarity with his audience. On the other hand, his audience interpreted his story as evidence of Japanese racism, enabling them to address the issue of Japanese responsibility as the racial majority. These divergent interactional phenomena were organized by the participants' different orientations towards occasional membership categories and interactional norms.

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　The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) introduced the video assistant referee for the 2018 World Cup. By contrast, in Japan instant replay has been used to assist judging sumo matches since 1969. Both of these measures are based on video recording technology, and therefore both can be considered cases of changes in media experience. For this reason, this paper analyzes this transformation from the perspective of media theory.
　Historically, many types of replay technologies were developed and replaced in sport broadcasting from 1955 to 1964. In particular, the 1964 Tokyo Olympics is known for introducing slow-motion VTR (Video Tape Recorder) to sport broadcasting. However, there were a variety of replay technologies before VTR. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of development and replacement of replay technologies.
　This paper is grounded in the theory of the social construction of technology. According to this theory, not only scientists and engineers but also TV producers, announcers and commentators constructed the replay technologies. For its sources this research relies on articles in magazines related to broadcasting technology and culture.
　Analysis of these materials reveals that VTR unified varied technological aspects of replay, and some expectations for replay technologies had existed before the development of VTR. These technologies were expected to make sports broadcasts more exciting, and to contribute to audience literacy. VTR was referred to as ‘the mechanical eye’, and it transcended its originally envisaged application when it was incorporated into sumo to assist in judging.

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