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Udaya Priyantha De ZOYSA, Masanobu NAKATA, Hideo OHKAWA
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
369-378
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-ELISA) based on monoclonal antibody for the herbicide chlorpropham was developed. Three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to chlorpropham were produced by fusing P3X63-AG8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells of female BALB/c mice immunized with the immunogens which were conjugated between bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and the chlorpropham hapten. These mabs were examined in ci-ELISA for detection of chlorpropham. The linear range of detection of chlorpropham with three mabs K2158, K2221 and K21231 was 0.5 to 10ng/ml, 5 to 100ng/ml and 50 to 500ng/ml with IC-50 values of 1.6, 12.9 and 161ng/ml, respectively. The minimum detection limit in ci-ELISA with the employed antibodies was 0.5ng/ml. The cross reactivity of these mabs with the structurally related compounds revealed that three mabs were very specific to the target molecule. In addition, three mabs showed a fairly high tolerance to the solvents tested; methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile. The recovery of chlorpropham was examined for tap water, river water, soil, potato and spinach samples. Tap water and river water samples were directly analyzed in ci-ELISA system. Soil and potato samples gave fairly good recoveries with the single step of extraction procedure.
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Structure and Fungicidal Activities of New Alkoxyiminoacetamide Derivatives (Part 3)
Hideyuki TAKENAKA, Yoshio HAYASE, Riichi HASEGAWA, Tsuneo ICHIBA, Mich ...
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
379-385
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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A number of 2-methoxyimino-
N-methyl-2-[2-(substituted 2-pyridyloxymethyl)phenyl] acetamides were synthesized and their fungicidal activities were examined. The activities and fungicidal spectra of the derivatives varied markedly depending upon the substituents on the pyridine ring. Incorporation of either one or two substituent (s) at the 3-, 5- and/or 6-positions of the pyridine ring resulted in increases in fungicidal activity compared with the unsubstituted compound. Among the 2-pyridyl derivatives synthesized in this study, 3-CF
3-5-Cl, 5-CF
3-3-Cl and 3-CF
3-6-Cl derivatives exhibited the strongest preventive and curative activities against wide range of diseases. 3, 5, 6-Tri-substituted derivatives demonstrated strong preventive and curative activities against cucumber and wheat powdery mildew, however, they exhibited excellent preventive but weak curative activities against cucumber downy mildew. Between the two geometrical isomers, the
E-form exhibited stronger activity than the
Z-form.
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Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI, Hidetaka HORI, Hidekazu FURUNO, Toshiro KAWANO, M ...
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
386-391
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures
i.
e., one indirect ELISA applied avidin-biotin complex system (ABC-ELISA) and two direct ELISA, antigen captured (AC-ELISA) and double antibody sandwich (DAS-ELISA), were employed to rapidly and quantitatively detect Insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) from six commercially available BT pesticides by using antiserum against ICPs of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. Assay samples treated with 0.1M NaOH to dissolve ICPs reacted in ELISA more strongly than intact or neutralized ones. The order of sensitivity between the procedures was: ABC-ELISA=DAS-ELISA>AC-ELISA. Reciprocal dilution end points of the BT pesticides detected by ABC-ELISA and DAS-ELISA were 10
5-10
7 times and the maximum point (10
7 times) was roughly equal to 4-8ng/ml of ICPs. ABC-ELISA and AC-ELISA showed non-specific reactions to the samples containing the crude sap of homogenized cabbage, though DAS-ELISA did not show any non-specific reactions. BT pesticide residues on cherry fruits were analyzed by ABC-ELISA and bioassay using larvae of diamondback moth. Based on the results, estimations of the residues were almost the same in both methods.
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Encarna SANCHO, Dolores FERRANDO, Miguel GAMON, Enrique ANDREU
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
392-398
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Eels of species
Anguilla anguilla were exposed to sublethal concentrations of fenitrothion in a flow-through test system. Bioaccumulation and elimination of the toxicant in the branchial tissue of the eels were studied. Steady-state was reached after 48hr of exposure to 0.02ppm of toxicant, and earlier (24hr) exposed to 0.04ppm. Steady-state was maintained until the end of the exposure in both experiments. The highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) value was calculated in animals exposed to 0.04ppm of toxicant, showing the relationship between the bioconcencentration into gills and the water disponibility. When the animals were transferred to clean water (depuration phase) they showed a rapid tendency to eliminate the pesticide. Pharmaco-kinetics parameters for fenitrothion in eel gills (
K1,
K1 and
T1/2) were calculated. They showed relatively low
K2 (0.0014 and 0.029hr
-1) and higher half-lives. Paralelly, total protein content in the gills was monitored during exposure and depuration phases. A depletion of total proteins of a 70% was observed in gill tissue at the end of the pesticide exposure. Although a tendency to recover protein levels was observed during the depuration phases, the depletion was maintained until the end of the experiments. The results showed a stress situation as a consequence of fenitrothion exposure which indicates the use of proteins as response to the increased energy requirements in this tissue.
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Jeffrey G. SCOTT
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
399-401
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Pyrethroid insecticides exert their toxic actions by prolonging the open time of individual neural sodium channels. α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) has recently been shown, via a patch clamp analysis of rat cells, to antagonize this action. To determine if α-tocopherol could provide protection against pyrethroids
in vivo we examined the toxicity of a common pyrethroid (permethrin) against house flies and German cockroaches. Tocopherol antagonized the toxicity of permethrin by 4.3- and 6.6-fold in house flies and German cockroaches, respectively. α-Tocopherol also antagonized permethrin toxicity by 6.2-fold in a
kdr-type resistant strain of German cockroach (
i. e. strain having an altered form of the
para-homologous sodium channel). These studies indicate α-tocopherol is an effective antagonist of permethrin
in vivo, protecting insects that have either normal or
kdr-type sodium channels.
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Shin-ichi TEBAYASHI, Nobuhisa HIRAI, Takahisa SUZUKI, Shigeru MATSUYAM ...
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
402-406
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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The minor aggregation pheromone produced by male broad-horned flour beetle,
Gnatocerus cornutus (F.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), was investigated. Volatiles from 3, 500, 000 male day equivalents (MDE) (
ca. 10, 000 _??_×1 year) were applied to silica gel and 5% silver nitrate impregnated silica gel column chromatography followed by preparative gas liquid chromatography to yield the major pheromone component (acoradiene, 350mg; 100ng/MDE) and the minor pheromone component (1.1mg; 0.31ng/MDE). The minor component was identified as α-cedren-14-al by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The major (acoradiene) and the minor (α-cedren-14-al) components were active at more than 100 and 3.1pg per disk, respectively, but both components showed no synergistic effect.
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Ken-ichi YAMAGUCHI, Keiko FUKUI, Masayoshi TAKAHASHI
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
407-409
Published: November 20, 1998
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Shingo SADAKANE, Tomoyo SAKAI, Akiko HAYASHI, Hideo OHKAWA
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
410-413
Published: November 20, 1998
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Machiko SAKA, Kazuaki IIJIMA, Yoshitsugu ODANAKA, Yasuhiro KATO
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
414-418
Published: November 20, 1998
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Koji IWAYA, Muneyuki MARUYAMA, Hideaki NAKANISHI, Shin KUROGOCHI
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
419-421
Published: November 20, 1998
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Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
422-426
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
428
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
429-436
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
437-443
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
444-445
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
446-454
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
455-462
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], F. F. Fajardo, [in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
463-470
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
471-478
Published: November 20, 1998
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[in Japanese]
1998 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages
479-481
Published: November 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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