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Munehiro EBATO, Kenichi MATSUMURA, Koyo YONEBAYASHI
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
337-346
Published: November 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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To clarify the effect on herbicide adsorption of soil characteristics, we used an “adsorption ratio” (AR). The equation for AR is as follows; AR (%) = (amount of herbicide adsorbed on soil per unit weight) / (initial amount of herbicide)×100. By using the distribution of AR (DAR), we could estimate the adsorbability and adsorption capacity for atrazine and linuron of 42 soil samples from Japan. The soils were classified into 6 groups in both cases. The organic matter factor (OM) contributed most to the classification. Because the soil characteristics affected atrazine and linuron adsorption in different ways, the soils were classified with different patterns. Atrazine adsorption in the soils highly saturated with cations showed that the adsorption capacity of the soils was low using DAR.
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In Seon KIM, Byung-Taek OH, Ro Dong PARK
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
347-352
Published: November 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Adaptive mechanism and efflux-transport system of
Pseudomonas sp. LE2 were investigated to understand how this microorganism survives in lindane-contaminated environments. Adaptive mechanism was demonstrated by changes in the ratio of total saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in cells grown on glucose with or without lindane. The ratio of total saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in cells grown with lindane was 0.9, which was comparable to 0.5 in cells grown without lindane. Lindane significantly affected in vitro the membrane of cells grown without lindane by decreasing membrane transition temperature from about 25 to 22°C at 8μM. Less fluidizing effect of lindane on the membrane of cells that had grown with lindane was observed, giving about 18% of polarization percentage ratio, which was significantly lower than about 52% in cells grown without lindane. When lindane was incubated with
Pseudomonas sp. LE2 cell suspensions, it accumulated in cells by simple diffusion mechanism. A membrane transport inhibitor, sodium azide, increased considerably lindane accumulation in cells, showing significant inhibition of lindane efflux from cells. These results suggest the view that
Pseudomonas sp. LE2 capable of growing in the presence of lindane is able to adapt to the fluidizing action of lindane by incorporating saturated fatty acids into membrane lipids and eliminating lindane from cells by an energy-dependent efflux mechanism.
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Takehito MOURI, Jun TOKUMURA, Shin-ichiro KOCHI, Hideto FUKUI, Jun NAK ...
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
353-359
Published: November 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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New 2-phenylbenzazole derivatives, thirteen benzoxazoles and eight benzothiazoles, were synthesized, and their acaricidal activities measured against the two-spotted spider mite (TSM). Some compounds with a polyfluorophenyl group were highly effective in killing the eggs (LC
50:<50ppm) with moderate activity (LC
50: 150-200ppm) against the adults. Among them, 2-(3-chloro-2, 4, 5-trifluorophenyl)-5-methylbenzoxazole was selected as the most promising candidate for an acaricide, and the effects of its concentrate were evaluated. This formulation achieved a high rate of mortality in the citrus red mite and a kelthane-resistant strain of TSM in addition to a common strain of TSM.
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Kazuhito ITOH, Takahiro IKUSHIMA, Kumi FUJII, Kousuke SUYAMA, Hiroki Y ...
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
360-364
Published: November 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Natural fluctuations in carbon substrate utilizing activity and community-level physiological profiles of microorganisms in low input and conventional rice paddy soils were monitored using Biolog GN plates for almost two years in order to establish criteria for assessing side-effects of pesticides on soil microbial ecosystems. The activity changed seasonally showing a regular pattern with more activity observed during late summer in both soils. The level of activity seemed to be directly influenced by soil temperature and/or redox potential. Soil microbial communities were grouped into three clusters, Aug-Dec, Jan-Apr, and May-Aug, based on the sampling season. The first cluster was further divided between the two paddy soils. The same microbial communities were reestablished in the same season for two successive years in both soils. Low soil temperatures and reduced soil conditions seemed to be influential in the establishment of the second and third clusters, respectively. Criteria are proposed for assessing the side-effects of pesticides on microbial function and structure in paddy soils.
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Yoshihiro SAWADA, Harumi NAKAGAWA, Yoshihisa TSUKAMOTO, Toshiaki YANAI ...
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
365-373
Published: November 20, 2002
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Fourteen analogues were synthesized by rationally modifying the 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl moiety of RH-5992, and evaluated for insecticidal activity against the common cutworm (
Spodoptera litura). Although several derivatives showed good insecticidal activity, they were less active than RH-5992.
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Shinzo KAGABU, Kazuhiko MATSUDA, Koichiro KOMAI
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
374-377
Published: November 20, 2002
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Yoshifuki TAKAHASHI, Masashi TAKATA, Yoshitsugu ODANAKA, Yoshifumi IZO ...
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
378-382
Published: November 20, 2002
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Junichi ETO, Yoshihito SUZUKI, Hideo OHKAWA, Isomaro YAMAGUCHI
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
383-386
Published: November 20, 2002
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[in Japanese]
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
387
Published: November 20, 2002
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Development of a New Plastoquinone Biosynthetic Inhibitor, Benzobicyclon as a Herbicide
Keisuke SEKINO
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
388-391
Published: November 20, 2002
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Kazuhiko MATSUDA
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
392-395
Published: November 20, 2002
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Yoshiali KONO
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
396-400
Published: November 20, 2002
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Hideo NAKASHITA
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
401-403
Published: November 20, 2002
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Izumi KUMITA
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
404-408
Published: November 20, 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
409
Published: November 20, 2002
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Kumiko SASAKI
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
410-414
Published: November 20, 2002
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Masahiko KUWAHARA
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
415-419
Published: November 20, 2002
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Yukiko YAMADA
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
420-424
Published: November 20, 2002
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Francisco SANCHEZ-BAYO
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
425-428
Published: November 20, 2002
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Junko NAKANISHI
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
429-431
Published: November 20, 2002
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Masateru INOUE
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
432-438
Published: November 20, 2002
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Yasuo ISHII
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
439-443
Published: November 20, 2002
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Motoaki SATOH
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
444-446
Published: November 20, 2002
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Junshi MIYAMOTO
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
447-448
Published: November 20, 2002
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[in Japanese]
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
450-451
Published: November 20, 2002
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[in Japanese]
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
452-453
Published: November 20, 2002
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[in Japanese]
2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
454-455
Published: November 20, 2002
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2002 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages
456
Published: 2002
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