Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 29, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
Original Articles
  • Secondary Structure Prediction of Acetolactate Synthase Protein in Sulfonylurea Herbicide Resistant Limnophila sessiliflora
    Ying Lin, Guang-Xi Wang, Wei Li, Misako Ito
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Here, we cloned and sequenced fragments encoding ALS genes from biotypes of Limnophila sessiliflora susceptible and resistant to SU-herbicide. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences and secondary protein structures were implemented. The results showed that Pro was substituted with Gln and a G-X-X-P motif was abolished in Domain A of resistant ALS, and the secondary protein structure was converted from extended strands to an α-helix around Domain A by the Pro mutation. We suggest that resistance to SU-herbicides is caused by the mutation of ALS and conformational change of its secondary structure.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (795K)
  • Interruption of the Homing Events of Phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides Zoospores by Secondary Metabolites from Nonhost Amaranthus gangeticus
    Md. Tofazzal Islam, Yasuyuki Hashidoko, Toshiaki Ito, Satoshi Tahara
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 6-14
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.6
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    On the screening of 200 nonhost plants, an Amaranthus gangeticus extract was found to attract and subsequently inhibit the motility of Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores. The attractant was identified as a rare N-trans-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine (1) and the motility inhibitor as nicotinamide (2) using bioassay-guided fractionation and spectroscopic methods. The attractant had no inhibitory effect on zoospore motility whereas 2 immediately halted the motility and caused encystment in a dose-dependent manner (MIC, 5×10−8 M). Interestingly, the cystospores produced by 2 regenerated zoospores instead of germinating. Concomitant application of 1 and 2 produced cystospores that germinated to give hyphae. Preliminary TLC examinations revealed that Am. gangeticus seedling exuded sufficient amounts of nicotinamide from the roots. These results suggest that exudation of nicotinamide from Am. gangeticus might be involved in its resistance against the soilborne oomycete phytopathogen A. cochlioides.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (3199K)
  • Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of New Pyrazole-4-carboxamide Derivatives
    Ryuta Ohno, Atsuko Watanabe, Tomoko Matsukawa, Takuya Ueda, Hiroshi Sa ...
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 15-26
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A series of novel 3-(substituted alkoxy)pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized, and their herbicidal activity against various weeds and crop safety were examined under flooded conditions. The herbicidal activity was primarily influenced by the substituent at the 3-position of the pyrazole ring. The benzyloxy group, the meta-position of which was substituted with an electron-withdrawing group, particularly with a trifluoromethyl group, was most efficient in enhancing the bleaching activity. The level of activity also varied with the N-substituent of the carbamoyl group, with N-ethoxycarbamoyl group providing the best combination of herbicidal activity and selectivity. Among the compounds synthesized, N-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (KPP-297), which showed good herbicidal activity against various annual lowland weeds and excellent crop safety at just of 100 g a.i./ha, was considered to be the most promising rice herbicide.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1820K)
  • Neral (the Alarm Pheromone) Biosynthesis via the Mevalonate Pathway, Evidenced by D-Glucose-1-13C Feeding in Carpoglyphus lactis and 13C Incorporation into Other Opisthonotal Gland Exudates
    Atsushi Morita, Naoki Mori, Ritsuo Nishida, Nobuhiro Hirai, Yasumasa K ...
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.27
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The monoterpene neral [(Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal], an alarm pheromone, has been identified as a major component of the opisthonotal gland exudates of Carpoglyphus lactis, together with tridecane and (Z,Z)-6,9-heptadecadiene. The CDCl3 extract of mites fed D-glucose-1-13C for 30 days was found to have 13C atoms at positions 2, 4, 6 and 8–10 by 13C-NMR analysis. The compound neral was, therefore, concluded to be produced via the mevalonate pathway from 2-13C-acetyl-CoA by glycolysis. After seven days of feeding on D-glucose-1-13C, at least one 13C atom was incorporated in 51.6% of neral molecules. Likewise, 51.8% of tridecane, 42.5% of (Z,Z)-6,9-heptadecadiene, 39.5% of γ-acaridial and 33.4% of neryl formate, were also labeled, while squalene was not labeled, indicative of its origin, the culture medium.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (945K)
  • Effect of Long-Term Successive Applications of Organic Fertilizers on Dissipation of Several Pesticides in Two Soils
    Satoshi Suzuki, Toshikazu Otani
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.33
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The dissipation rates of dimethoate, fenobucarb, flutolanil, simazine, prometryn and alachlor were compared among an andosol and a gray lowland soil subjected to different fertilizing practices over a 20 year period. The rate constants for dissipation of most pesticides per biomass carbon, biomass nitrogen and esterase activity among the plots in each soil were less variable than the corresponding rate constants, indicating that the dissipation depended on microbial amount and activity. The rate constants in the gray lowland soil were similar to or greater than those in the andosol, despite the smaller values of microbial amount and activity in the former. This is due to the larger water soluble fraction/acetone soluble fraction ratios in the former. The long-term successive applications of organic fertilizers were less effective in the dissipation for the gray lowland soil than the andosol. This is likely to result from a less effective accumulation of microbial biomass in the former.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1085K)
Notes
  • Preparation of Alkylene-Tethered Acyclic Divalent Neonicotinoids and Their Insecticidal and Neuroblocking Activities for American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.)
    Shinzo Kagabu, Yuki Itazu, Keiichiro Nishimura
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 40-42
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.40
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    C4-C8 and C12-alkylene- or 1,4-xylylene-tethered bis[1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)]- or bis[1-(2-chloro-5-thiazolylmethyl)]-2-nitroimino-3-guanidines were prepared. The insecticidal potency against American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L., determined by injection was weak as can be seen by their minimal lethal doses (MLD) over 110 nmol. Synergists piperonyl butoxide and NIA 16388, however, enhanced the potency of compounds for which the definitive values were determinable. The MLD values varied with the methylene-chain length, but the variation was not parallel to the tether length. The values abruptly decreased to 26.7 and 85.1 nmol respectively for the hexamethylene chloropyridylmethyl and chlorothiazolylmethyl derivatives. The neuroblocking potency in terms of BC (μM) using a nerve preparation containing the abdominal fifth and sixth ganglia of an American cockroach was mostly parallel to the insecticidal potency determined with the synergists. The above C6-compounds showed BC values of 26.3 and 14.8 μM, respectively, which were below one tenth of the values of the other tethered derivatives.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (473K)
  • Insecticidal Activities of the Enantiomers of Asymmetric 1-[1-(6-Chloro-3-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-nitroiminoimidazolidine against American Cockroach, Cucurbit Leaf Beetle, Green Rice Leafhopper and Green Peach Aphid Following Injection, Dipping and Spraying
    Kazuhisa Kiriyama, Shinzo Kagabu, Keiichiro Nishimura
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 43-45
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.43
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The title compound Me-IMI has been reported to show enantioselectivity in terms of binding affinity and nerve blocking activity in vitro. Here we examined the behavior of the optical isomers in vivo. Each enantiomer was highly insecticidal when administered to the leaf beetle by dipping or the green rice leafhopper and peach aphid by spraying at concentrations of 1.6–8 ppm. The minimum lethal doses (MLDs in nmol) of the (S)- and (R)-isomers for the American cockroach following injection were also similar at 30 and 42, respectively, and these values dropped markedly to 0.93 and 0.83 on addition of the synergists piperonyl butoxide and NIA 16388. The MLD values of (S)- and (R)-nicotines were 490 and 320 without the synergists. For nicotine, the synergistic effect was small and these values were lowered only slightly to 310 and 160.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (593K)
  • Tiadinil, a Novel Class of Activator of Systemic Acquired Resistance, Induces Defense Gene Expression and Disease Resistance in Tobacco
    Michiko Yasuda, Hideo Nakashita, Shigeo Yoshida
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 46-49
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.46
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a potent innate immunity system in plants and effective against a broad range of pathogens. Tiadinil (TDL), N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide, was recently developed to control rice blast disease without direct antimicrobial activity. To clarify the mode of action of TDL, effects of TDL on tobacco plants were investigated. TDL induced resistance against tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco wildfire disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci) without antimicrobial activity in tobacco plants. TDL also induced the expression of SAR marker genes. These results indicated that TDL induced SAR in tobacco plants.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1166K)
  • Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC25978 Is the Right Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium for Screening Nitrification Inhibitors
    Ruiko Okano, Hirotoshi Takazaki, Douchi Matsuba, Tatuaki Tokuyama, Yuk ...
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 50-52
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.50
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    To determine whether Nitrosomonas europaea is adequate to assay nitrification inhibitors as representative of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria or not, the inhibitory activity exhibited by known nitrification inhibitors in soil and the susceptibility of recently isolated ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to the inhibitors in cell suspension were compared. Nitrapyrin, MAST and Br-MAST completely inhibited nitrification in soil at 15 ppm for 15 days, whereas dicyanodiamide and thiourea were weak inhibitors. In order of effectiveness, the inhibitors ranked as follows; Br-MAST>MAST>nitrapyrin>>dicyanodiamide ≥ thiourea. Ammonia-oxidation by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in cell suspension was strongly inhibited by nitrapyrin, MAST and Br-MAST, whereas dicyanodiamide and thiourea were weak inhibitors. N. europaea is adequate to assay nitrification inhibitors as representative of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (529K)
PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Original Article
  • Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Chlorothalonil Dissipation in an Upland Soil
    Yukihiro Yamamoto, Fukuyo Tanaka, Shinsuke Fujihara, Tsuneo Matsumaru
    Article type: Original Article
    2004 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 53-56
    Published: February 20, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.29.53
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We investigated changes in the δ13C value of a pesticide during its dissipation in an upland soil. Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6 tetrachloro-1,3-isophthalonitrile) as a test chemical was added to the soil (Light-colored Andosol) and incubated at 30°C in the dark. The pesticide was periodically extracted from the soil and subjected to analysis with an isotope ratio mass spec spectometer. The δ13C value of chlorothalonil in the soil increased from −26.5 to −22.5‰ during the incubation period of 70 days. The enrichment factor in this study was −2.6‰. These results suggest the occurrence of carbon isotope fractionation during the dissipation of chlorothalonil in the soil environment.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (405K)
Commentaries
Commentaries
Symposia
Book Reviews
Obituary
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top